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  23. <title>NASA Sets Briefings for SpaceX Crew-11 Mission to Space Station</title>
  24. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-sets-briefings-for-spacex-crew-11-mission-to-space-station/</link>
  26. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Lauren E. Low]]></dc:creator>
  27. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 21:26:32 +0000</pubDate>
  28. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
  29. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
  30. <category><![CDATA[Opportunities For International Participants to Get Involved]]></category>
  31. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884094</guid>
  32.  
  33. <description><![CDATA[NASA and its partners will discuss the upcoming crew rotation to the International Space Station during a pair of news conferences on Thursday, July 10, from the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. First is an overview news conference at 12 p.m. EDT with mission leadership discussing final launch and mission preparations on the agency’s [&#8230;]]]></description>
  34. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="925" height="619" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?w=925" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png 925w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=300,201 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=768,514 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=400,268 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=600,402 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=900,602 900w" sizes="(max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The four crew members of NASA&#8217;s SpaceX Crew-11 mission to the International Space Station train inside a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft in Hawthorne, California. From left to right: Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Zena Cardman, and JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: SpaceX</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  35.  
  36.  
  37. <p>NASA and its partners will discuss the upcoming crew rotation to the International Space Station during a pair of news conferences on Thursday, July 10, from the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.<br><br>First is an overview news conference at 12 p.m. EDT with mission leadership discussing final launch and mission preparations on the agency’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2aBZuCeDwlSoxUrYsYWZr6NBTTKGir8U" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> channel.</p>
  38.  
  39.  
  40.  
  41. <p>Next, crew will participate in a news conference at 2 p.m. on NASA’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2aBZuCeDwlSoxUrYsYWZr6NBTTKGir8U" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> channel, followed by individual astronaut interviews at 3 p.m. This is the final media opportunity with Crew-11 before they travel to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for launch.<br><br>The Crew-11 mission, targeted to launch in late July/early August, will carry NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov to the orbiting laboratory. The crew will launch aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft on the company’s Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A.<br><br>United States-based media seeking to attend in person must contact the NASA Johnson newsroom no later than 5 p.m. on Monday, July 7, at 281-483-5111 or <a href="mailto:jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov">jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov</a>. A copy of NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/nasa-agencywide-media-accreditation-policy/">media accreditation policy</a> is available online.</p>
  42.  
  43.  
  44.  
  45. <p>Any media interested in participating in the news conferences by phone must contact the Johnson newsroom by 9:45 a.m. the day of the event. Media seeking virtual interviews with the crew must submit requests to the Johnson newsroom by 5 p.m. on Monday, July 7.<br><br>Briefing participants are as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change based on real-time operations):<br><br><strong>12 p.m.: Mission Overview News Conference</strong></p>
  46.  
  47.  
  48.  
  49. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  50. <li>Steve Stich, manager, Commercial Crew Program, NASA Kennedy</li>
  51.  
  52.  
  53.  
  54. <li>Bill Spetch, operations integration manager, International Space Station Program, NASA Johnson</li>
  55.  
  56.  
  57.  
  58. <li>NASA’s Space Operations Mission Directorate representative</li>
  59.  
  60.  
  61.  
  62. <li>Sarah Walker, director, Dragon Mission Management, SpaceX</li>
  63.  
  64.  
  65.  
  66. <li>Mayumi Matsuura, vice president and director general, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA</li>
  67. </ul>
  68.  
  69.  
  70.  
  71. <p><strong>2 p.m.: Crew News Conference </strong><strong></strong></p>
  72.  
  73.  
  74.  
  75. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  76. <li>Zena Cardman, Crew-11 commander, NASA</li>
  77.  
  78.  
  79.  
  80. <li>Mike Fincke, Crew-11 pilot, NASA</li>
  81.  
  82.  
  83.  
  84. <li>Kimiya Yui, Crew-11 mission specialist, JAXA</li>
  85.  
  86.  
  87.  
  88. <li>Oleg Platonov, Crew-11 mission specialist, Roscosmos</li>
  89. </ul>
  90.  
  91.  
  92.  
  93. <p><strong>3 p.m.: Crew Individual Interview Opportunities</strong><strong></strong></p>
  94.  
  95.  
  96.  
  97. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  98. <li>Crew-11 members available for a limited number of interviews</li>
  99. </ul>
  100.  
  101.  
  102.  
  103. <p><br>Selected as a NASA astronaut in 2017, Cardman will conduct her first spaceflight. The Williamsburg, Virginia, native holds a bachelor’s degree in Biology and a master’s in Marine Sciences from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At the time of selection, she was pursuing a doctorate in geosciences. Cardman’s geobiology and geochemical cycling research focused on subsurface environments, from caves to deep sea sediments. Since completing initial training, Cardman has supported real-time station operations and lunar surface exploration planning. Follow <a href="https://x.com/zenanaut">@zenanaut</a> on X and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/zenanaut/" rel="noopener">@zenanaut</a> on Instagram.<br><br>This will be Fincke’s fourth trip to the space station, having logged 382 days in space and nine spacewalks during Expedition 9 in 2004, Expedition 18 in 2008, and STS-134 in 2011, the final flight of space shuttle Endeavour. Throughout the past decade, Fincke has applied his expertise to NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, advancing the development and testing of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft and Boeing Starliner spacecraft toward operational certification. The Emsworth, Pennsylvania, native is a graduate of the United States Air Force Test Pilot School and holds bachelors’ degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in both aeronautics and astronautics, as well as Earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences. He also has a master’s degree in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University in California. Fincke is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel with more than 2,000 flight hours in over 30 different aircraft. Follow <a href="https://x.com/AstroIronMike">@AstroIronMike</a> on X and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/astroironmike/?hl=en" rel="noopener">Instagram</a>.<br><br>With 142 days in space, this will be Yui’s second trip to the space station. After his selection as a JAXA astronaut in 2009, Yui flew as a flight engineer for Expedition 44/45 and became the first Japanese astronaut to capture JAXA’s H-II Transfer Vehicle using the station’s robotic arm. In addition to constructing a new experimental environment aboard Kibo, he conducted a total of 21 experiments for JAXA. In November 2016, Yui was assigned as chief of the JAXA Astronaut Group. He graduated from the School of Science and Engineering at the National Defense Academy of Japan in 1992. He later joined the Air Self-Defense Force at the Japan Defense Agency (currently the Ministry of Defense). In 2008, Yui joined the Air Staff Office at the Ministry of Defense as a lieutenant colonel. Follow <a href="https://x.com/Astro_Kimiya">@astro_kimiya</a> on X.<br><br>The Crew-11 mission also will be Platonov’s first spaceflight. Before his selection as a cosmonaut in 2018, Platonov earned a degree in engineering from Krasnodar Air Force Academy in aircraft operations and air traffic management. He also earned a bachelor’s degree in state and municipal management in 2016 from the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Russia. Assigned as a test cosmonaut in 2021, he has experience in piloting aircraft, zero gravity training, scuba diving, and wilderness survival.</p>
  104.  
  105.  
  106.  
  107. <p>For more information about the mission, visit:</p>
  108.  
  109.  
  110.  
  111. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew</strong></a></p>
  112.  
  113.  
  114.  
  115. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  116.  
  117.  
  118.  
  119. <p>Claire O’Shea / Joshua Finch<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1100<br><a href="mailto:claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov">claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov">joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov</a></p>
  120.  
  121.  
  122.  
  123. <p>Sandra Jones / Joseph Zakrzewski<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov">sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:Joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov">Joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  182. <title>NASA Awards Simulation and Advanced Software Services II Contract</title>
  183. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-simulation-and-advanced-software-services-ii-contract/</link>
  185. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Tiernan P. Doyle]]></dc:creator>
  186. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 20:32:03 +0000</pubDate>
  187. <category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
  188. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
  189. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884075</guid>
  190.  
  191. <description><![CDATA[NASA has awarded a contract to MacLean Engineering &#38; Applied Technologies, LLC of Houston to provide simulation and advanced software services to the agency. The Simulation and Advanced Software Services II (SASS II) contract includes services from Oct. 1, 2025, through Sept. 30, 2030, with a maximum potential value not to exceed $150 million. The [&#8230;]]]></description>
  192. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp"><img decoding="async" width="1321" height="730" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?w=1321" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The letters NASA on a blue circle with red and white detail, all surrounded by a black background" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp 1321w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=300,166 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=768,424 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=1024,566 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=400,221 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=600,332 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=900,497 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=1200,663 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1321px) 100vw, 1321px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  193.  
  194.  
  195. <p>NASA has awarded a contract to MacLean Engineering &amp; Applied Technologies, LLC of Houston to provide simulation and advanced software services to the agency.</p>
  196.  
  197.  
  198.  
  199. <p>The Simulation and Advanced Software Services II (SASS II) contract includes services from Oct. 1, 2025, through Sept. 30, 2030, with a maximum potential value not to exceed $150 million. The contract is a single award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quality contract with the capability to issue cost-plus-fixed-fee task orders and firm-fixed-price task orders.</p>
  200.  
  201.  
  202.  
  203. <p>Under the five-year SASS II contract, the awardee is tasked to provide simulation and software services for space-based vehicle models and robotic manipulator systems; human biomechanical representations for analysis and development of countermeasures devices; guidance, navigation, and control of space-based vehicles for all flight phases; and space-based vehicle on-board computer systems simulations of flight software systems. Responsibilities also include astronomical object surface interaction simulation of space-based vehicles, graphics support for simulation visualization and engineering analysis, and ground-based and onboarding systems to support human-in-the-loop training.</p>
  204.  
  205.  
  206.  
  207. <p>Major subcontractors include Tietronix Software Inc. in Houston and VEDO Systems, LLC, in League City, Texas.</p>
  208.  
  209.  
  210.  
  211. <p>For information about NASA and agency programs, visit:</p>
  212.  
  213.  
  214.  
  215. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/</strong></a></p>
  216.  
  217.  
  218.  
  219. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  220.  
  221.  
  222.  
  223. <p>Tiernan Doyle<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:tiernan.doyle@nasa.gov">tiernan.doyle@nasa.gov</a></p>
  224.  
  225.  
  226.  
  227. <p>Chelsey Ballarte<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:Chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov">Chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  284. </item>
  285. <item>
  286. <title>How NASA’s SPHEREx Mission Will Share Its All-Sky Map With the World </title>
  287. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/spherex-universe-map/</link>
  289. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  290. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 19:57:07 +0000</pubDate>
  291. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
  292. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies]]></category>
  293. <category><![CDATA[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]></category>
  294. <category><![CDATA[Open Science]]></category>
  295. <category><![CDATA[SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe and Ices Explorer)]]></category>
  296. <category><![CDATA[The Search for Life]]></category>
  297. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
  298. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/spherex-universe-map/</guid>
  299.  
  300. <description><![CDATA[NASA’s newest astrophysics space telescope launched in March on a mission to create an all-sky map of the universe. Now settled into low-Earth orbit, SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) has begun delivering its sky survey data to a public archive on a weekly basis, allowing anyone […]]]></description>
  301. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
  302. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
  303. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  304. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p>
  305. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">How NASA’s SPHEREx Mission Will Share Its All-Sky Map With the World </h1>
  306. </div>
  307. </div>
  308. </div>
  309. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  310. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  311. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  312. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="3406" height="1684" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="This infrared image of the Vela Molecular Ridge was captured by SPHEREx and is part of the mission’s first ever public data release. The thousands of stars in the image are mostly represented in shades of blue and green. The yellow patch on the right side of the image is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that glows in some infrared colors due to radiation from nearby stars." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3406w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=300&#038;h=148&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=768&#038;h=380&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=759&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1013&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=400&#038;h=198&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=600&#038;h=297&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=900&#038;h=445&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=593&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=989&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 3406px) 100vw, 3406px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  313. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s SPHEREx mission will map the entire sky in 102 different wavelengths, or colors, of infrared light. This image of the Vela Molecular Ridge was captured by SPHEREx and is part of the mission’s first ever public data release. The yellow patch on the right side of the image is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that glows in some infrared colors due to radiation from nearby stars.</div>
  314. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  315. </figcaption></div>
  316. </div>
  317. </div>
  318. <p>NASA’s newest astrophysics space telescope launched in March on a mission to create an all-sky map of the universe. Now settled into low-Earth orbit, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/spherex/" rel="noopener">SPHEREx</a> (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) has begun delivering its sky survey data to <a href="https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/spherex.html" rel="noopener">a public archive</a> on a weekly basis, allowing anyone to use the data to probe the secrets of the cosmos.</p>
  319. <p>“Because we’re looking at everything in the whole sky, almost every area of astronomy can be addressed by SPHEREx data,” said Rachel Akeson, the lead for the SPHEREx Science Data Center at IPAC. IPAC is a science and data center for astrophysics and planetary science at Caltech in Pasadena, California.</p>
  320. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote">
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  323. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  324. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  325. </div>
  326. <div class="blockquote-content">
  327. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  328. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">Almost every area of astronomy can be addressed by SPHEREx data.</span></h2>
  329. </p></div>
  330. <div class="display-flex">
  331. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3">
  332. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Rachel Akeson" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure>
  333. </div>
  334. <div class="grid-col-11">
  335. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Rachel Akeson</p>
  336. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">SPHEREx Science Data Center Lead</p>
  337. </p></div>
  338. </p></div>
  339. </p></div>
  340. </p></div>
  341. </p></div>
  342. </div>
  343. <p>Other missions, like NASA’s now-retired WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer), have also mapped the entire sky. SPHEREx builds on this legacy by observing in 102 infrared wavelengths, compared to WISE’s four wavelength bands.</p>
  344. <p>By putting the many wavelength bands of SPHEREx data together, scientists can identify the signatures of specific molecules with a <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/why-nasas-spherex-mission-will-make-most-colorful-cosmic-map-ever/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">technique known as spectroscopy</a>. The mission’s science team will use this method to study the distribution of frozen water and organic molecules — the “building blocks of life” — in the Milky Way.</p>
  345. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  346. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  347. <iframe loading="lazy" title="SPHEREx Survey Animation" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eOfoWtt0TP8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  348. </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">This animation shows how NASA’s SPHEREx observatory will map the entire sky — a process it will complete four times over its two-year mission. The telescope will observe every point in the sky in 102 different infrared wavelengths, more than any other all-sky survey. SPHEREx’s openly available data will enable a wide variety of astronomical studies. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</figcaption></figure>
  349. <p>The SPHEREx science team will also use the mission’s data to study the physics that drove the universe’s expansion following the big bang, and to measure the amount of light emitted by all the galaxies in the universe over time. Releasing SPHEREx data in a public archive encourages far more astronomical studies than the team could do on their own.</p>
  350. <p>“By making the data public, we enable the whole astronomy community to use SPHEREx data to work on all these other areas of science,” Akeson said.</p>
  351. <p>NASA is committed to the sharing of scientific data, promoting transparency and efficiency in scientific research. In line with this commitment, data from SPHEREx appears in the public archive within 60 days after the telescope collects each observation. The short delay allows the SPHEREx team to process the raw data to remove or flag artifacts, account for detector effects, and align the images to the correct astronomical coordinates.</p>
  352. <p>The team publishes the procedures they used to process the data alongside the actual data products. “We want enough information in those files that people can do their own research,” Akeson said.</p>
  353. <div id="" class="hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel">
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  370. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  371. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="2280" height="1282" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="A cloud of dust imaged by SPHEREx in 3.29 microns, an infrared wavelength invisible to the human eye that has been adjusted to appear red in this image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  372. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">One of the early test images captured by NASA’s SPHEREx mission in April 2025. This image shows a section of sky in one infrared wavelength, or color, that is invisible to the human eye but is represented here in a visible color. This particular wavelength (3.29 microns) reveals a cloud of dust made of a molecule similar to soot or smoke.</div>
  373. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  374. </figcaption></div>
  375. </p></div>
  376. </figure></div>
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  379. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2">
  380. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  381. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="2280" height="1282" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="A patch of sky imaged by SPHEREx in 0.98 microns, an infrared wavelength invisible to the human eye that has been adjusted to appear blue in this picture. The cloud of dust in this image does not appear because it is invisible in this wavelength." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  382. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This image from NASA’s SPHEREx shows the same region of space in a different infrared wavelength (0.98 microns), once again represented by a color that is visible to the human eye. The dust cloud has vanished because the molecules that make up the dust — polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons — do not radiate light in this color.</div>
  383. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  384. </figcaption></div>
  385. </p></div>
  386. </figure></div>
  387. </p></div>
  388. <div class="hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0" data-carousel-id="image-carousel-slider-carousel-6865ad1152050">
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  391. </button><br />
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  394. </button>
  395. </div>
  396. </p></div>
  397. </p></div>
  398. <p>During its two-year prime mission, SPHEREx will survey the entire sky twice a year, creating four all-sky maps. After the mission reaches the one-year mark, the team plans to release a map of the whole sky at all 102 wavelengths.</p>
  399. <p>In addition to the science enabled by SPHEREx itself, the telescope unlocks an even greater range of astronomical studies when paired with other missions. Data from SPHEREx can be used to identify interesting targets for further study by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, refine exoplanet parameters collected from NASA’s TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), and study the properties of dark matter and dark energy along with ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) Euclid mission and NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.</p>
  400. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  401. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  402. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  403. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="In this illustration, NASA's SPHEREx mission is highlighted among a line of other NASA space telescopes." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  404. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The SPHEREx mission’s all-sky survey will complement data from other NASA space telescopes. SPHEREx is illustrated second from the right. The other telescope illustrations are, from left to right: the Hubble Space Telescope, the retired Spitzer Space Telescope, the retired WISE/NEOWISE mission, the James Webb Space Telescope, and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.</div>
  405. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  406. </figcaption></div>
  407. </div>
  408. </div>
  409. <p>The IPAC archive that hosts SPHEREx data, IRSA (NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive), also hosts pointed observations and all-sky maps at a variety of wavelengths from previous missions. The large amount of data available through IRSA gives users a comprehensive view of the astronomical objects they want to study.</p>
  410. <p>“SPHEREx is part of the entire legacy of NASA space surveys,” said IRSA Science Lead Vandana Desai. “People are going to use the data in all kinds of ways that we can’t imagine.”</p>
  411. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ocsdo/?utm_source=spherex_072025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</a> leads open science efforts for the agency. Public sharing of scientific data, tools, research, and software maximizes the impact of NASA’s science missions. To learn more about NASA’s commitment to transparency and reproducibility of scientific research, visit <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/?utm_source=spherex_072025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">science.nasa.gov/open-science</a>. To get more stories about the impact of NASA’s science data delivered directly to your inbox, <a href="https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/dngxZy8/NASAOpenScience" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sign up for the NASA Open Science newsletter</a>.</p>
  412. <p><strong><em>By Lauren Leese</em></strong><br /><strong><em>Web Content Strategist for the Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</em></strong> </p>
  413. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">More About SPHEREx</h2>
  414. <p>The SPHEREx mission is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the agency’s Astrophysics Division within the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. BAE Systems in Boulder, Colorado, built the telescope and the spacecraft bus. The science analysis of the SPHEREx data will be conducted by a team of scientists located at 10 institutions in the U.S., two in South Korea, and one in Taiwan. Caltech in Pasadena managed and integrated the instrument. The mission’s principal investigator is based at Caltech with a joint JPL appointment. Data will be processed and archived at IPAC at Caltech. The SPHEREx dataset will be publicly available at the NASA-IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.</p>
  415. <p>To learn more about SPHEREx, visit:</p>
  416. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://nasa.gov/SPHEREx" rel="noopener">https://nasa.gov/SPHEREx</a></p>
  417. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Media Contacts</h2>
  418. <p>Calla Cofield<br />Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br />626-808-2469<br /><a href="mailto:calla.e.cofield@jpl.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">calla.e.cofield@jpl.nasa.gov</a></p>
  419. <p>Amanda Adams<br />Office of the Chief Science Data Officer<br />256-683-6661<br /><a href="mailto:amanda.m.adams@nasa.gov">amanda.m.adams@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  462. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 02, 2025</div>
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  469. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  470. </div>
  471. <ul class="article-tags">
  472. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/" rel="noopener">Open Science</a></li>
  473. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
  474. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" rel="noopener">Galaxies</a></li>
  475. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/" rel="noopener">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li>
  476. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/spherex" rel="noopener">SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe and Ices Explorer)</a></li>
  477. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" rel="noopener">The Search for Life</a></li>
  478. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
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  520. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  521. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">11 min read</div>
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  528. <span>Article</span><br />
  529. </span><br />
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  541. </p></div>
  542. </p></div>
  543. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  544. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">7 min read</div>
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  551. <span>Article</span><br />
  552. </span><br />
  553. <span class=""><br />
  554. 1 day ago </span>
  555. </div>
  556. </p></div>
  557. <p> </a>
  558. </div>
  559. </p></div>
  560. </section></div>
  561. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  562. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  563. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  564. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  565. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  566. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  567. </p></div>
  568. </p></div>
  569. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  570. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  571. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  572. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  573. <div>
  574. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  575. <span>Missions</span><br />
  576. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  577. </p>
  578. </p></div>
  579. </p></div>
  580. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  581. </p></div>
  582. <p> </a><br />
  583. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  584. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  585. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  586. <div>
  587. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  588. <span>Humans in Space</span><br />
  589. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  590. </p>
  591. </p></div>
  592. </p></div>
  593. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  594. </p></div>
  595. <p> </a><br />
  596. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  597. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  598. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  599. <div>
  600. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  601. <span>Climate Change</span><br />
  602. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  603. </p>
  604. </p></div>
  605. </p></div>
  606. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  607. </p></div>
  608. <p> </a><br />
  609. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  610. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  611. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  612. <div>
  613. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  614. <span>Solar System</span><br />
  615. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  616. </p>
  617. </p></div>
  618. </p></div>
  619. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  620. </p></div>
  621. <p> </a>
  622. </div>
  623. </p></div>
  624. </p></div>
  625. ]]></content:encoded>
  629. </item>
  630. <item>
  631. <title>What’s Up: July 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA</title>
  632. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-july-2025-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/</link>
  634. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  635. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 16:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
  636. <category><![CDATA[Skywatching]]></category>
  637. <category><![CDATA[Skywatching Tips]]></category>
  638. <category><![CDATA[The Solar System]]></category>
  639. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-july-2025-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/</guid>
  640.  
  641. <description><![CDATA[A.M./P.M. Planet Watching, Plus the Eagle Constellation Mars shines in the evening, and is joined briefly by Mercury. Jupiter joins Venus as the month goes on. And all month, look for Aquila the eagle. Skywatching Highlights All Month – Planet Visibility: Daily Highlights: July 1 – 7 – Mercury is relatively bright and easy to […]]]></description>
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  647. <nav>
  648. <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0">
  649. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/" rel="noopener">Skywatching Home</a></li>
  650. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/whats-up/" rel="noopener">What’s Up</a></li>
  651. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/meteor-showers/" rel="noopener">Meteor Showers</a></li>
  652. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/" rel="noopener">Eclipses</a></li>
  653. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-observation/daily-moon-guide/?intent=011" rel="noopener">Daily Moon Guide</a></li>
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  656. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/tips-guides/" rel="noopener">Tips &#038; Guides</a></li>
  657. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/faq/" rel="noopener">Skywatching FAQ</a></li>
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  667. </div>
  668. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  669. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  670. <iframe loading="lazy" title="What's Up: July 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SQu8utmfOQk?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  671. </div>
  672. </figure>
  673. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>A.M./P.M. Planet Watching, Plus the Eagle Constellation</strong></h2>
  674. <p>Mars shines in the evening, and is joined briefly by Mercury. Jupiter joins Venus as the month goes on. And all month, look for Aquila the eagle.</p>
  675. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Skywatching Highlights</h2>
  676. <p><strong>All Month – Planet Visibility:</strong></p>
  677. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  678. <li><strong>Venus:</strong> Shines brightly in the east each morning during the couple of hours before sunrise, with the Pleiades and bright stars Aldebaran and Capella.</li>
  679. <li><strong>Mars:</strong> Sits in the west, about 20 degrees above the horizon as twilight fades. Sets a couple of hours after dark.</li>
  680. <li><strong>Jupiter:</strong> Starts to become visible low in the east in the hour before sunrise after mid-month. You’ll notice it rises a bit higher each day through August, quickly approaching closer to Venus each morning.</li>
  681. <li><strong>Mercury:</strong> Visible very low in the west (10 degrees or lower) the first week or so in July. Find it for a short time before it sets, beginning 30-45 minutes after sunset.</li>
  682. <li><strong>Saturn:</strong> Rises around midnight and climbs to a point high in the south as dawn approaches.</li>
  683. </ul>
  684. <p><strong>Daily Highlights:</strong></p>
  685. <p><strong>July 1 – 7 </strong>– Mercury is relatively bright and easy to spot without a telescope, beginning about 30-45 minutes after sunset for the first week or so of July. You will need an unobstructed view toward the horizon, and note that it sets within an hour after the Sun.</p>
  686. <p><strong>July 21 &#038; 22 – Moon, Venus, &#038; Jupiter </strong>– Look toward the east this morning to find a lovely scene, with the crescent Moon and Venus, plus several bright stars. And if you have a clear view toward the horizon, Jupiter is there too, low in the sky.</p>
  687. <p><strong>July 28 – Moon &#038; Mars </strong>– The crescent Moon appears right next to Mars this evening after sunset.</p>
  688. <p><strong>All month – Constellation: Aquila</strong> – The Eagle constellation, Aquila, appears in the eastern part of the sky during the first half of the night. Its brightest star, Altair, is the southernmost star in the Summer Triangle, which is an easy-to-locate star pattern in Northern Hemisphere summer skies.</p>
  689. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Transcript</h2>
  690. <p>What’s Up for July? Mars shines in the evening sky, sixty years after its first close-up, Venus brightens your mornings, and the eagle soars overhead.</p>
  691. <p>First up, Mercury is visible for a brief time following sunset for the first week of July. Look for it very low in the west 30 to 45 minutes after sundown. It sets within the hour after that, so be on the ball if you want to catch it!</p>
  692. <p>Mars is visible for the first hour or two after it gets dark. You’ll find it sinking lower in the sky each day and looking a bit dimmer over the course of the month, as our two planets’ orbits carry them farther apart. The crescent Moon appears right next to Mars on the 28th.</p>
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  694. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  695. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  696. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Mercury%20Mars_skychart_July2025.png.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Mercury%20Mars_skychart_July2025.png.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the western sky 45 minutes after sunset. The scene features a twilight background with faint stars and labeled compass directions: "SW," "W," and "NW" across the bottom from left to right. Near center is Mars, represented by a bright reddish-white dot. Near the horizon at bottom, right of center, is Mercury, represented as a bright white dot. Just below and to the right of Mars is the bright star Regulus; and higher in the sky are the bright stars Spica and Arcturus. (These stars are also labeled.)" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  697. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing Mercury and Mars in the western sky following sunset in early July.</div>
  698. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  699. </figcaption></div>
  700. </div>
  701. </div>
  702. <p>July is the 60th anniversary of the first successful flyby of Mars, by NASA’s Mariner 4 spacecraft in 1965. Mariner 4 sent back the first photos of another planet from deep space, along with the discovery that the Red Planet has only a very thin, cold atmosphere.</p>
  703. <p>Next, Saturn is rising late in the evening, and by dawn it’s high overhead to the south.</p>
  704. <p>Looking to the morning sky, Venus shines brightly all month. You’ll find it in the east during the couple of hours before sunrise, with the Pleiades and bright stars Aldebaran and Capella. And as the month goes on, Jupiter makes its morning sky debut, rising in the hour before sunrise and appearing a little higher each day.</p>
  705. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  706. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  707. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  708. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the eastern sky 1 hour before sunrise. The scene features a dark twilight background with faint stars and labeled compass directions: "NE," "E," and "SE" across the bottom from left to right. Near center is the Pleiades star cluster indicated by a circle.Below the Pleiades is Venus, represented as a bright white dot. Saturn is a smaller, fainter dot near upper right. Two bright stars are also labeled, appearing to the left and right of Venus: Capella and Aldebaran." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  709. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing Venus in the morning sky in July.</div>
  710. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  711. </figcaption></div>
  712. </div>
  713. </div>
  714. <p>By the end of the month, early risers will have the two brightest planets there greeting them each morning. They’re headed for a super-close meetup in mid-August, and the pair will be a fixture of the a.m. sky through late this year. Look for them together with the crescent moon on the 21st and 22nd.</p>
  715. <p><strong>Aquila, The Eagle</strong></p>
  716. <p>From July and into August, is a great time to observe the constellation Aquila, the eagle.</p>
  717. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  718. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  719. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  720. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the eastern sky around 10pm in July. The scene features a dark, nighttime background with faint stars. Near center are two shapes — patterns of stars, connected by faint purple lines. At center is the Summer Triangle, with its three bright stars, Vega, Altair, and Deneb, labeled. On its left side is the Aquila constellation. Altair is its brightest star and the eagle's right with points upward, toward Vega. Finally, an arrow points toward the left, indicating the direction of north on the sky. The eagle appears to be flying toward the north." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  721. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing the shape and orientation of the constellation Aquila in the July evening sky. Aquila’s brightest star, Altair, is part of the Summer Triangle star pattern.</div>
  722. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  723. </figcaption></div>
  724. </div>
  725. </div>
  726. <p>This time of year, it soars high into the sky in the first half of the night. Aquila represents the mythical eagle that was a powerful servant and messenger of the Greek god Zeus. The eagle carried his lightning bolts and was a symbol of his power as king of the gods.</p>
  727. <p>To find Aquila in the sky, start by locating its brightest star, Altair. It’s one the three bright stars in the Summer Triangle, which is super easy to pick out during summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. Altair is the second brightest of the three, and sits at the southernmost corner of the triangle.</p>
  728. <p>The other stars in Aquila aren’t as bright as Altair, which can make observing the constellation challenging if you live in an area with a lot of light pollution. It’s easier, though, if you know how the eagle is oriented on the sky. Imagine it’s flying toward the north with its wings spread wide, its right wing pointed toward Vega. If you can find Altair, and Aquila’s next brightest star, you can usually trace out the rest of the spread-eagle shape from there. ​​The second half of July is the best time of the month to observe Aquila, as the Moon doesn’t rise until later then, making it easier to pick out the constellation’s fainter stars.</p>
  729. <p>Observing the constellation Aquila makes for a worthy challenge in the July night sky. And once you’re familiar with its shape, it’s hard not to see the mythical eagle soaring overhead among the summertime stars.</p>
  730. <p>Here are the phases of the Moon for July. </p>
  731. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  732. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  733. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  734. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Moon%20Phases%20July%202025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Moon%20Phases%20July%202025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The main phases of the Moon are illustrated in a horizontal row, with the first quarter moon on July 2, full moon on July 10, third quarter on July 17, and the new moon on July 24." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  735. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The phases of the Moon for July 2025.</div>
  736. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  737. </figcaption></div>
  738. </div>
  739. </div>
  740. <p>You can stay up to date on all of NASA’s missions exploring the solar system and beyond at science.nasa.gov. I’m Preston Dyches from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and that’s What’s Up for this month.</p>
  741. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  742. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  743. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  744. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  745. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  746. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  747. </p></div>
  748. </p></div>
  749. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  750. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  751. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  752. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  753. <div>
  754. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  755. <span>Missions</span><br />
  756. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  757. </p>
  758. </p></div>
  759. </p></div>
  760. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  761. </p></div>
  762. <p> </a><br />
  763. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  764. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  765. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  766. <div>
  767. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  768. <span>Humans in Space</span><br />
  769. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  770. </p>
  771. </p></div>
  772. </p></div>
  773. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  774. </p></div>
  775. <p> </a><br />
  776. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  777. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  778. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  779. <div>
  780. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  781. <span>Climate Change</span><br />
  782. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  783. </p>
  784. </p></div>
  785. </p></div>
  786. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  787. </p></div>
  788. <p> </a><br />
  789. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  790. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  791. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  792. <div>
  793. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  794. <span>Solar System</span><br />
  795. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  796. </p>
  797. </p></div>
  798. </p></div>
  799. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  800. </p></div>
  801. <p> </a>
  802. </div>
  803. </p></div>
  804. </p></div>
  805. ]]></content:encoded>
  809. </item>
  810. <item>
  811. <title>To the Spacemobile!</title>
  812. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/to-the-spacemobile/</link>
  814. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
  815. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 16:17:21 +0000</pubDate>
  816. <category><![CDATA[Glenn History]]></category>
  817. <category><![CDATA[Glenn Research Center]]></category>
  818. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883526</guid>
  819.  
  820. <description><![CDATA[In this Nov. 1, 1964, image, three members of NASA&#8217;s Lewis Research Center’s (now NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland) Educational Services Office pose with one of the center’s Spacemobile space science demonstration units. Once the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) became NASA, public outreach became one of the agency’s core tenets. Lewis, which [&#8230;]]]></description>
  821. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="One man sits in the driver seat of a light blue van, while two other men stand and crouch near him on the outside. They are all wearing dark suits. The van door has white writing on it that reads &quot;Space Science Demonstration Unit.&quot; The van also has writing and several logos, including the NASA meatball, the Lewis Research Center name and logo, as well as the &quot;Spacemobile&quot; logo (&quot;space&quot; is written in all caps), and finally, &quot;National Aeronautics and Space Administration.&quot;" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/53908497721-3de9cb90ee-o.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  822.  
  823.  
  824. <p>In this Nov. 1, 1964, image, three members of NASA&#8217;s Lewis Research Center’s (now <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/glenn/">NASA’s Glenn Research Center</a> in Cleveland) Educational Services Office pose with one of the center’s Spacemobile space science demonstration units. Once the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) became NASA, public outreach became one of the agency’s core tenets. Lewis, which had previously been a closed laboratory, began hosting open houses and elaborate space fairs in the early 1960s.</p>
  825.  
  826.  
  827.  
  828. <p>In addition, the center initiated educational programs that worked with local schools and a robust speaker’s bureau that explained NASA activities to the community. One aspect of these efforts was the Spacemobile Program. These vehicles included a delegated speaker, exhibits, models, and other resources. The Spacemobiles, which made forays across the Midwest, were extremely active throughout the 1960s.</p>
  829.  
  830.  
  831.  
  832. <p><em>Image credit: NASA</em></p>
  833. ]]></content:encoded>
  837. </item>
  838. <item>
  839. <title>Discovery Alert: Flaring Star, Toasted Planet</title>
  840. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-flaring-star-toasted-planet/</link>
  842. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  843. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 16:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
  844. <category><![CDATA[Exoplanets]]></category>
  845. <category><![CDATA[Gas Giant Exoplanets]]></category>
  846. <category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
  847. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-flaring-star-toasted-planet/</guid>
  848.  
  849. <description><![CDATA[The Discovery A giant planet some 400 light-years away, HIP 67522 b, orbits its parent star so tightly that it appears to cause frequent flares from the star’s surface, heating and inflating the planet’s atmosphere. Key Facts On planet Earth, “space weather” caused by solar flares might disrupt radio communications, or even damage satellites. But […]]]></description>
  850. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  851. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  852. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  853. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/flaring%20star%2021280.png?w=1280&#038;h=1697&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1280" height="1697" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/flaring%20star%2021280.png?w=1280&#038;h=1697&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="In the upper left quadrant of a vertical image, against a black background, a large orange-yellow star is shown with tendrils of gas – a stellar flare – streaming out from the star at about the 4 o'clock position. The flare is  streaming toward a bluish planet, smaller than the star, at the center right of the image; streaks of grayish white streaming from the planet toward the lower right indicate dissipation of the planet's atmosphere in response to the flare. A second planet, much smaller because farther away, can be seen to the right of the star and above the foreground planet." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  854. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Artist’s concept of the star HIP 67522 with a flare erupting toward an orbiting planet, HIP 67522 b. A second planet, HIP 67522 c, is shown in the background.</div>
  855. <div class="hds-credits">Janine Fohlmeister, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam</div>
  856. </figcaption></div>
  857. </div>
  858. </div>
  859. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The Discovery</h2>
  860. <p>A giant planet some 400 light-years away, HIP 67522 b, orbits its parent star so tightly that it appears to cause frequent flares from the star’s surface, heating and inflating the planet’s atmosphere.</p>
  861. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Key Facts</h2>
  862. <p>On planet Earth, “space weather” caused by solar flares might disrupt radio communications, or even damage satellites. But Earth’s atmosphere protects us from truly harmful effects, and we orbit the Sun at a respectable distance, out of reach of the flares themselves.</p>
  863. <p>Not so for planet HIP 67522 b. A gas giant in a young star system – just 17 million years old – the planet takes only seven days to complete one orbit around its star. A “year,” in other words, lasts barely as long as a week on Earth. That places the planet perilously close to the star. Worse, the star is of a type known to flare – especially in their youth.</p>
  864. <p>In this case, the proximity of the planet appears to result in fairly frequent flaring.</p>
  865. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Details</h2>
  866. <p>The star and the planet form a powerful but likely a destructive bond. In a manner not yet fully understood, the planet hooks into the star’s magnetic field, triggering flares on the star’s surface; the flares whiplash energy back to the planet. Combined with other high-energy radiation from the star, the flare-induced heating appears to have increased the already steep inflation of the planet’s atmosphere, giving HIP 67522 b a diameter comparable to our own planet Jupiter despite having just 5% of Jupiter’s mass.</p>
  867. <p>This might well mean that the planet won’t stay in the Jupiter size-range for long. One effect of being continually pummeled with intense radiation could be a loss of atmosphere over time. In another 100 million years, that could shrink the planet to the status of a “hot Neptune,” or, with a more radical loss of atmosphere, even a “sub-Neptune,” a planet type smaller than Neptune that is common in our galaxy but lacking in our solar system.</p>
  868. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Fun Facts</h2>
  869. <p>Four hundred light-years is much too far away to capture images of stellar flares striking orbiting planets. So how did a science team led by Netherlands astronomer Ekaterina Ilin discover this was happening? They used space-borne telescopes, NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tess/" rel="noopener">TESS</a> (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) and the European Space Agency’s CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExoPlanets Telescope), to track flares on the star, and also to trace the path of the planet’s orbit.</p>
  870. <p>Both telescopes use the “transit” method to determine the diameter of a planet and the time it takes to orbit its star. The transit is a kind of mini-eclipse. As the planet crosses the star’s face, it causes a tiny dip in starlight reaching the telescope. But the same observation method also picks up sudden stabs of brightness from the star – the stellar flares. Combining these observations over five years’ time and applying rigorous statistical analysis, the science team revealed that the planet is zapped with six times more flares than it would be without that magnetic connection.   </p>
  871. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">The Discoverers</h2>
  872. <p>A team of scientists from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland, led by Ekaterina Ilin of the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, published their paper on the planet-star connection, “Close-in planet induces flares on its host star,” in the journal Nature on July 2, 2025.</p>
  873. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  874. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  875. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  876. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  877. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  878. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  879. </p></div>
  880. </p></div>
  881. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  882. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  883. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  884. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  885. <div>
  886. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  887. <span>Search for Life</span><br />
  888. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  889. </p>
  890. </p></div>
  891. </p></div>
  892. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="320" height="365" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dusty-universe.png?w=320" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dusty-universe.png 320w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dusty-universe.png?resize=263,300 263w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px" /></figure>
  893. </p></div>
  894. <p> </a><br />
  895. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  896. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  897. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  898. <div>
  899. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  900. <span>Stars</span><br />
  901. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  902. </p>
  903. </p></div>
  904. </p></div>
  905. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  906. </p></div>
  907. <p> </a><br />
  908. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  909. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  910. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  911. <div>
  912. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  913. <span>Galaxies</span><br />
  914. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  915. </p>
  916. </p></div>
  917. </p></div>
  918. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="938" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?w=1200" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=300,235 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=768,600 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=1024,800 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=400,313 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=600,469 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=900,704 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></figure>
  919. </p></div>
  920. <p> </a><br />
  921. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  922. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  923. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  924. <div>
  925. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  926. <span>Black Holes</span><br />
  927. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  928. </p>
  929. </p></div>
  930. </p></div>
  931. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp 4096w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  932. </p></div>
  933. <p> </a>
  934. </div>
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  1012. </item>
  1013. <item>
  1014. <title>Near-Earth Asteroids as of July 2025</title>
  1015. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/planetary-science/planetary-defense/near-earth-asteroids/</link>
  1017. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1018. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 15:46:59 +0000</pubDate>
  1019. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
  1020. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Defense]]></category>
  1021. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Defense Coordination Office]]></category>
  1022. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Science]]></category>
  1023. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Science Division]]></category>
  1024. <category><![CDATA[Science & Research]]></category>
  1025. <category><![CDATA[Science Mission Directorate]]></category>
  1026. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/planetary-science/planetary-defense/near-earth-asteroids-as-of-september-2023/</guid>
  1027.  
  1028. <description><![CDATA[Each month, NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office releases a monthly update featuring the most recent figures on NASA’s planetary defense efforts, near-Earth object close approaches, and other timely facts about comets and asteroids that could pose an impact hazard with Earth. Here is what we’ve found so far. Updated: July 2, 2025]]></description>
  1029. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
  1030. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
  1031. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  1032. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">1 min read</p>
  1033. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Near-Earth Asteroids as of July 2025</h1>
  1034. </div>
  1035. </div>
  1036. </div>
  1037. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1038. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1039. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1040. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=4500&#038;h=10622&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="4500" height="10622" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=4500&#038;h=10622&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The graphic presents data on near-Earth asteroids as of June 30, 2025. Key statistics include: 38,612: Total number of discovered near-Earth asteroids of all sizes. 872: Discovered asteroids larger than 1 kilometer, with an estimated 50 left to be found. 11,324: Discovered asteroids larger than 140 meters, with an estimated 14,000 remaining to be found. NASA-DLR BECCAL Photo Op at the Space Symposium. 100 Tons amount of dust and sand-sized particles that bombard Earth daily. Near-Earth asteroid close approaches: 7 passed closer to Earth than the Moon in the last 30 days. 164 passed closer in the last 365 days. 493,300,000: Observations of near-Earth objects submitted to the Minor Planet Center. The background shows a space-themed image with the NASA logo at the top right.    125%" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=4500&#038;h=10622&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4500w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=127&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 127w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=768&#038;h=1813&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=434&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 434w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=651&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 651w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=868&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 868w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=169&#038;h=399&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=254&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 254w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=381&#038;h=899&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 381w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=508&#038;h=1199&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 508w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/planetary-defense/2025/July-2025-Near-Earth-Asteroids-By-the-Numbers-Infographic.png?w=847&#038;h=1999&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 847w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4500px) 100vw, 4500px" /></a></figure>
  1041. </div>
  1042. </div>
  1043. </div>
  1044. <p>Each month, NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office releases a monthly update featuring the most recent figures on NASA’s planetary defense efforts, near-Earth object close approaches, and other timely facts about comets and asteroids that could pose an impact hazard with Earth. Here is what we’ve found so far.</p>
  1045. <p>Updated: July 2, 2025</p>
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  1187. ]]></content:encoded>
  1191. </item>
  1192. <item>
  1193. <title>3 Years of Science: 10 Cosmic Surprises from NASA’s Webb Telescope</title>
  1194. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/3-years-of-science-10-cosmic-surprises-from-nasas-webb-telescope/</link>
  1196. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1197. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  1198. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
  1199. <category><![CDATA[Black Holes]]></category>
  1200. <category><![CDATA[Brown Dwarfs]]></category>
  1201. <category><![CDATA[Exoplanet Science]]></category>
  1202. <category><![CDATA[Exoplanets]]></category>
  1203. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies]]></category>
  1204. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes]]></category>
  1205. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
  1206. <category><![CDATA[James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)]]></category>
  1207. <category><![CDATA[Nebulae]]></category>
  1208. <category><![CDATA[Science & Research]]></category>
  1209. <category><![CDATA[Star-forming Nebulae]]></category>
  1210. <category><![CDATA[Stars]]></category>
  1211. <category><![CDATA[Studying Exoplanets]]></category>
  1212. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
  1213. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/3-years-of-science-10-cosmic-surprises-from-nasas-webb-telescope/</guid>
  1214.  
  1215. <description><![CDATA[Since July 2022, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has been unwaveringly focused on our universe. With its unprecedented power to detect and analyze otherwise invisible infrared light, Webb is making observations that were once impossible, changing our view of the cosmos from the most distant galaxies to our own solar system. Webb was built with […]]]></description>
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  1241. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/innovations/" rel="noopener">Impacts+Benefits </a></li>
  1242. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/faqs-full/" rel="noopener">FAQ</a></li>
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  1247. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/science-overview/" rel="noopener">Overview and Goals</a></li>
  1248. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/early-universe/" rel="noopener">Early Universe</a></li>
  1249. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/galaxies-over-time/" rel="noopener">Galaxies Over Time</a></li>
  1250. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/star-lifecycle/" rel="noopener">Star Lifecycle</a></li>
  1251. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/other-worlds/" rel="noopener">Other Worlds</a></li>
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  1254. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Observatory</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
  1255. <ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
  1256. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/spacecraftoverview/" rel="noopener">Overview</a></li>
  1257. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/launch/" rel="noopener">Launch</a></li>
  1258. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/deployment/" rel="noopener">Deployment</a></li>
  1259. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/orbit/" rel="noopener">Orbit</a></li>
  1260. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webbs-mirrors/" rel="noopener">Mirrors</a></li>
  1261. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webbs-sunshield/" rel="noopener">Sunshield</a></li>
  1262. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/nircam/" rel="noopener">Instrument: NIRCam</a></li>
  1263. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/mid-infrared-instrument-miri/" rel="noopener">Instrument: MIRI</a></li>
  1264. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/nirspec/" rel="noopener">Instrument: NIRSpec</a></li>
  1265. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/fine-guidance-sensor-near-infrared-imager-and-slitless-spectrograph-fgs-niriss/" rel="noopener">Instrument: FGS/NIRISS</a></li>
  1266. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/optical-telescope-element-ote/" rel="noopener">Optical Telescope Element</a></li>
  1267. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webbs-backplane/" rel="noopener">Backplane</a></li>
  1268. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/spacecraft-bus/" rel="noopener">Spacecraft Bus</a></li>
  1269. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/integrated-science-instrument-module-isim/" rel="noopener">Instrument Module</a></li>
  1270. </ul>
  1271. </li>
  1272. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Multimedia</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
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  1274. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/about-webb-images/" rel="noopener">About Webb Images</a></li>
  1275. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/multimedia/images/" rel="noopener">Images</a></li>
  1276. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webb-videos/" rel="noopener">Videos</a></li>
  1277. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/what-is-webb-observing/" rel="noopener">What is Webb Observing?</a></li>
  1278. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webb-3d/" rel="noopener">3d Webb in 3d Solar System</a></li>
  1279. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webb-podcasts/" rel="noopener">Podcasts</a></li>
  1280. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/sonifications/" rel="noopener">Webb Image Sonifications</a></li>
  1281. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webbs-first-images/" rel="noopener">Webb’s First Images </a></li>
  1282. </ul>
  1283. </li>
  1284. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Team</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
  1285. <ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
  1286. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webb-team/" rel="noopener">International Team</a></li>
  1287. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/webb-people-bios/" rel="noopener">People Of Webb</a></li>
  1288. </ul>
  1289. </li>
  1290. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>More</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
  1291. <ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
  1292. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/for-the-media/" rel="noopener">For the Media </a></li>
  1293. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/for-scientists/" rel="noopener">For Scientists</a></li>
  1294. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/for-educators/" rel="noopener">For Educators</a></li>
  1295. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/for-fun/" rel="noopener">For Fun/Learning</a></li>
  1296. </ul>
  1297. </li>
  1298. </ul>
  1299. </nav>
  1300. </div>
  1301. </div>
  1302. </div>
  1303. </div>
  1304. </div>
  1305. <p>Since <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-reveals-webb-telescopes-first-images-of-unseen-universe/" rel="noopener">July 2022</a>, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has been unwaveringly focused on our universe. With its unprecedented power to detect and analyze otherwise invisible infrared light, Webb is making observations that were once impossible, changing our view of the cosmos from the most distant galaxies to our own solar system.</p>
  1306. <p>Webb was built with the promise of revolutionizing astronomy, of rewriting the textbooks. And by any measure, it has more than lived up to the hype — exceeding expectations to a degree that scientists had not dared imagine. Since science operations began, Webb has completed more than 860 scientific <a href="https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-programs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">programs</a>, with one-quarter of its time dedicated to imaging and three-quarters to <a href="https://webbtelescope.org/contents/articles/spectroscopy-101--introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">spectroscopy</a>. In just three years, it has collected nearly 550 terabytes of data, yielding more than 1,600 research papers, with intriguing results too numerous to list and a host of new questions to answer.</p>
  1307. <p>Here are just a few noteworthy examples.</p>
  1308. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">1. The universe evolved significantly faster than we previously thought.</h2>
  1309. <p>Webb was specifically designed to observe “<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-webb-to-explore-galaxies-from-cosmic-dawn-to-present-day/" rel="noopener">cosmic dawn</a>,” a time during the first billion years of the universe when the first stars and galaxies were forming. What we expected to see were a few faint galaxies, hints of what would become the galaxies we see nearby.</p>
  1310. <p>Instead, Webb has revealed surprisingly bright galaxies that developed <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/webb/2024/05/30/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-finds-most-distant-known-galaxy/" rel="noopener">within 300 million years</a> of the big bang; galaxies with black holes that seem far <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Natur.636..594J/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">too massive</a> for their age; and an <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/found-first-actively-forming-galaxy-as-lightweight-as-young-milky-way/" rel="noopener">infant Milky Way-type galaxy</a> that existed when the universe was just 600 million years old. Webb has observed galaxies that already “turned off” and <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stopped forming stars</a> within a billion years of the big bang, as well as those that developed quickly into modern-looking “grand design” spirals <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04834" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">within 1.5 billion years</a>.</p>
  1311. <p>Hundreds of millions of years might not seem quick for a growth spurt, but keep in mind that the universe formed in the big bang roughly 13.8 billion years ago. If you were to cram all of cosmic time into one year, the most distant of these galaxies would have matured within the first couple of weeks, rapidly forming multiple generations of stars and enriching the universe with the elements we see today.</p>
  1312. </p>
  1313. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
  1314. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/webb-stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-12k.png" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Max Resolution Version of JADES Deep Field" rel="noopener"><br />
  1315. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Max Resolution Version of JADES Deep Field</span><br />
  1316. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1317. </a></p></div>
  1318. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Image: JADES deep field</h2>
  1319. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1320. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
  1321. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1322. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1438" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Webb Space telescope deep field image showing hundreds of objects of different colors, shapes, and sizes scattered across the black background of space." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg 3987w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=300,211 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=768,539 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1024,719 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1536,1078 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=2048,1438 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=400,281 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=600,421 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=900,632 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1200,842 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=2000,1404 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1323. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The JADES Deep Field uses observations taken by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of the JADES (JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey) program. A team of astronomers studying JADES data identified about 80 objects that changed in brightness over time. Most of these objects, known as transients, are the result of exploding stars or supernovae.</p>
  1324. <p>Prior to this survey, only a handful of supernovae had been found above a redshift of 2, which corresponds to when the universe was only 3.3 billion years old — just 25% of its current age. The JADES sample contains many supernovae that exploded even further in the past, when the universe was less than 2 billion years old. It includes the farthest one ever spectroscopically confirmed, at a redshift of 3.6. Its progenitor star exploded when the universe was only 1.8 billion years old.
  1325. </p></div>
  1326. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, JADES Collaboration</div>
  1327. </figcaption></div>
  1328. </div>
  1329. </div>
  1330. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">2. Deep space is scattered with enigmatic “Little Red Dots.”</h2>
  1331. <p>Webb has revealed a new type of galaxy: a distant population of mysteriously compact, bright, red galaxies dubbed <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/newfound-galaxy-class-may-indicate-early-black-hole-growth-webb-finds/" rel="noopener">Little Red Dots</a>. What makes Little Red Dots so bright and so red? Are they lit up by dense groupings of unusually bright stars or by gas spiraling into a supermassive black hole, or both? And whatever happened to them? Little Red Dots seem to have appeared in the universe around 600 million years after the big bang (13.2 billion years ago), and rapidly declined in number less than a billion years later. Did they evolve into something else? If so, how? Webb is probing Little Red Dots in more detail to answer these questions.</p>
  1332. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">3. Pulsating stars and a triply lensed supernova are further evidence that the “Hubble Tension” is real.</h2>
  1333. <p>How fast is the universe expanding? It’s hard to say because different ways of calculating the current expansion rate yield different results — a dilemma known as the Hubble Tension. Are these differences just a result of measurement errors, or is there something weird going on in the universe? So far, Webb data indicates that the Hubble Tension is not caused by measurement errors. Webb was able to distinguish <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-webb-hubble-telescopes-affirm-universes-expansion-rate-puzzle-persists/" rel="noopener">pulsating stars</a> from nearby stars in a crowded field, ensuring that the measurements weren’t contaminated by extra light. Webb also discovered a <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/webb/2024/10/01/webb-researchers-discover-lensed-supernova-confirm-hubble-tension/" rel="noopener">distant, gravitationally lensed supernova</a> whose image appears in three different locations and at three different times during its explosion. Calculating the expansion rate based on the brightness of the supernova at these three different times provides an independent check on measurements made using other techniques. Until the matter of the Hubble Tension is settled, Webb will continue measuring different objects and exploring new methods.</p>
  1334. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">4. Webb has found surprisingly rich and varied atmospheres on gas giants orbiting distant stars.</h2>
  1335. <p>While NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope made the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-makes-first-direct-measurements-of-atmosphere-on-world-around-another-star/" rel="noopener">first detection</a> of gases in the atmosphere of a gas giant exoplanet (a planet outside our solar system), Webb has taken studies to an entirely new level. Webb has revealed a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-webb-reveals-an-exoplanet-atmosphere-as-never-seen-before/" rel="noopener">rich cocktail</a> of chemicals, including hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide — none of which had been clearly detected in an atmosphere outside our solar system before. Webb has also been able to examine exotic climates of gas giants as never before, detecting<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-webb-spots-swirling-gritty-clouds-on-remote-planet/" rel="noopener"></a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-detects-tiny-quartz-crystals-in-the-clouds-of-a-hot-gas-giant/" rel="noopener">flakes of silica “snow”</a> in the skies of the puffy, searing-hot gas giant WASP-17 b, for example, and measuring differences in temperature and cloud cover between the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-investigates-eternal-sunrises-sunsets-on-distant-world/" rel="noopener">permanent morning and evening</a> skies of WASP-39 b.</p>
  1336. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Image: Spectrum of WASP-107 b</h2>
  1337. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1338. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
  1339. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1340. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1309" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Graphic titled Hot Gas-Giant Exoplanet WASP-107 b Transmission Spectrum: Hubble WFC3 Grism Spectroscopy; Webb NIRCam Grism Spectroscopy; Webb MIRI Low-Resolution Spectroscopy has 3 sets of data points with error bars and a best-fit model on a graph of Amount of Light Blocked on the y-axis versus Wavelength of Light in microns on the x-axis. Y-axis ranges from less light blocked at bottom to more light blocked at top. X-axis ranges from 0.8 to 12 microns. Data are identified in a legend. Hubble WFC3: 30 green data points ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 microns; Webb NIRCam: 177 orange data points range from 2.5 to 5 microns; Webb MIRI: 46 pink data points range from 5 to 12 microns. Best-fit model is a gray line with numerous peaks and valleys. Model and data are closely aligned. Ten features on the graph are labeled: Water H2O; Water H2O and Carbon Dioxide CO2; Ammonia NH3; Methane CH4; Sulfur Dioxide SO2; Carbon Dioxide CO2; Carbon Monoxide CO; Water H2O; Sulfur Dioxide SO2; Ammonia NH3." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png 3840w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=300,192 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=768,491 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=1024,655 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=1536,982 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=2048,1309 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=400,256 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=600,384 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=900,575 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=1200,767 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/webb-stsci-01hy3fax928vhv0pz8xc48rpyt-4k.png?resize=2000,1279 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1341. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A <a href="https://webbtelescope.org/glossary.html#h3-CK-9515713b-4c45-4edf-978f-4ff31f0c2ddb" rel="noopener">transmission spectrum</a> of the “warm Neptune” exoplanet <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-cracks-case-of-inflated-exoplanet/" rel="noopener">WASP-107 b</a> captured by NASA’s Hubble and Webb space telescopes, shows clear evidence for water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia in the planet’s atmosphere. These measurements allowed researchers to estimate the interior temperature and mass of the core of the planet, as well as understand the chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere.</div>
  1342. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)</div>
  1343. </figcaption></div>
  1344. </div>
  1345. </div>
  1346. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">5. A rocky planet 40 light-years from Earth may have an atmosphere fed by gas bubbling up from its lava-covered surface.</h2>
  1347. <p>Detecting, let alone analyzing, a thin layer of gas surrounding a small rocky planet is no easy feat, but Webb’s extraordinary ability to measure extremely subtle changes in the brightness of infrared light makes it possible. So far, Webb has been able to <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-webb-measures-the-temperature-of-a-rocky-exoplanet/" rel="noopener">rule out</a> significant atmosphere on a number of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/webb-rules-out-thick-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere-for-rocky-exoplanet/" rel="noopener">rocky planets</a>, and has found tantalizing signs of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide on <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-hints-at-possible-atmosphere-surrounding-rocky-exoplanet/" rel="noopener">55 Cancri e</a>, a lava world that orbits a Sun-like star. With findings like these, Webb is laying the groundwork for NASA’s future Habitable Worlds Observatory, which will be the first mission purpose-built to directly image and search for life on Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars.</p>
  1348. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">6. Webb exposes the skeletal structure of nearby spiral galaxies in mesmerizing detail.</h2>
  1349. <p>We already knew that galaxies are collections of stars, planets, dust, gas, dark matter, and black holes: cosmic cities where stars form, live, die, and are recycled into the next generation. But we had never been able to see the structure of a galaxy and the interactions between stars and their environment <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/nasas-webb-depicts-staggering-structure-in-19-nearby-spiral-galaxies/" rel="noopener">in such detail</a>. Webb’s infrared vision reveals filaments of dust that trace the spiral arms, old star clusters that make up galactic cores, newly forming stars still encased in dense cocoons of glowing dust and gas, and clusters of hot young stars carving enormous cavities in the dust. It also elucidates how stellar winds and explosions actively reshape their galactic homes.</p>
  1350. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Image: PHANGS Phantom Galaxy (M74/NGC 628)</h2>
  1351. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1352. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
  1353. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1354. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1282" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A space telescope image shows a spiral galaxy face-on, with the core of the galaxy at the center and the spiral arms extending beyond the image. The circular core is bright hazy blue with pinpoints of blue light. Spiny spiral arms wrap counterclockwise around the core. The spiraling filamentary structure gives the galaxy the appearance of the cross section of a nautilus shell. The galaxy arms are largely orange, ranging from dark to bright orange. Scattered across the packed scene are some additional bright blue pinpoints of light, which are stars spread throughout the galaxy. In areas where there is less orange, it is darker, and some dark regions look more circular. A prominent dark “bubble” appears to the top left of the blue core. And a wider, elliptical “bubble” to the bottom right." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png 3124w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=300,188 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=768,481 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=1024,641 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=1536,962 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=2048,1282 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=400,250 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=600,376 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=900,564 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=1200,751 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/webb-ngc628-stsci-01hm9sjjyk57j82gwpyvv2292x-3k.png?resize=2000,1252 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1355. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A near- to mid-infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope highlights details in the complex structure of a nearby galaxy that are invisible to other telescopes. The image of NGC 628, also known as the <a href="https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2024/105/01HM9S5Y93HVHGEX645E96WFG4" rel="noopener">Phantom Galaxy</a>, shows spiral arms with lanes of warm dust (represented in red), knots of glowing gas (orange-yellow), and giant bubbles (black) carved by hot, young stars. The dust-free core of the galaxy is filled with older, cooler stars (blue).</div>
  1356. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Janice Lee (STScI), Thomas Williams (Oxford), PHANGS team</div>
  1357. </figcaption></div>
  1358. </div>
  1359. </div>
  1360. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">7. It can be hard to tell the difference between a brown dwarf and a rogue planet.</h2>
  1361. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-peers-deeper-into-mysterious-flame-nebula/" rel="noopener">Brown dwarfs</a> form like stars, but are not dense or hot enough to fuse hydrogen in their cores like stars do. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-exposes-complex-atmosphere-of-starless-super-jupiter" rel="noopener">Rogue planets</a> form like other planets, but have been ejected from their system and no longer orbit a star. Webb has spotted hundreds of brown-dwarf-like objects in the Milky Way, and has even detected some candidates in a <a href="https://esawebb.org/news/weic2425/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">neighboring galaxy</a>. But some of these <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/nasas-webb-identifies-tiniest-free-floating-brown-dwarf/" rel="noopener">objects are so small</a> — just a few times the mass of Jupiter — that it is hard to figure out how they formed. Are they free-floating gas giant planets instead? What is the least amount of material needed to form a brown dwarf or a star? We’re not sure yet, but thanks to three years of Webb observations, we now know there is a continuum of objects from planets to brown dwarfs to stars.</p>
  1362. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">8. Some planets might be able to survive the death of their star.</h2>
  1363. <p>When a star like our Sun dies, it swells up to form a red giant large enough to engulf nearby planets. It then sheds its outer layers, leaving behind a super-hot core known as a white dwarf. Is there a safe distance that planets can survive this process? Webb might have <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2348" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">found</a> <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ApJ...973L..11L/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">some</a> planets orbiting white dwarfs. If these candidates are confirmed, it would mean that it is possible for planets to survive the death of their star, remaining in orbit around the slowly cooling stellar ember.</p>
  1364. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">9. Saturn’s water supply is fed by a giant fountain of vapor spewing from Enceladus.</h2>
  1365. <p>Among the icy “ocean worlds” of our solar system, Saturn’s moon Enceladus might be the most intriguing. NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cassini/" rel="noopener">Cassini mission</a> first detected water plumes coming out of its southern pole. But only Webb could <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/webb-maps-surprisingly-large-plume-jetting-from-saturns-moon-enceladus/" rel="noopener">reveal the plume’s true scale</a> as a vast cloud spanning more than 6,000 miles, about 20 times wider than Enceladus itself. This water spreads out into a donut-shaped torus encircling Saturn beyond the rings that are visible in backyard telescopes. While a fraction of the water stays in that ring, the majority of it spreads throughout the Saturnian system, even raining down onto the planet itself. Webb’s unique observations of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-rings-in-holidays-with-ringed-planet-uranus/" rel="noopener">rings</a>, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-captures-neptunes-auroras-for-first-time/" rel="noopener">auroras</a>, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webbs-titan-forecast-partly-cloudy-with-occasional-methane-showers/" rel="noopener">clouds</a>, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-discovers-new-feature-in-jupiters-atmosphere/" rel="noopener">winds</a>, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasas-webb-finds-carbon-source-on-surface-of-jupiters-moon-europa/" rel="noopener">ices</a>, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-reveals-unusual-jets-of-volatile-gas-from-icy-centaur-29p/" rel="noopener">gases</a>, and other materials and phenomena in the solar system are helping us better understand what our cosmic neighborhood is made of and how it has changed over time.</p>
  1366. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Video: Water plume and torus from Enceladus</h2>
  1367. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  1368. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  1369. <iframe loading="lazy" title="Enceladus Plume and Torus" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Lr0v-I9qf-w?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  1370. </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A combination of images and spectra captured by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope show a giant plume of water jetting out from the south pole of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, creating a donut-shaped ring of water around the planet.<br /><strong>Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, G. Villanueva (NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center), A. Pagan (STScI), L. Hustak (STScI)</strong></figcaption></figure>
  1371. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">10. Webb can size up asteroids that may be headed for Earth.</h2>
  1372. <p>In 2024 astronomers discovered an asteroid that, based on preliminary calculations, had a chance of hitting Earth. Such potentially hazardous asteroids become an immediate focus of attention, and Webb was <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/webb/2025/04/02/nasas-webb-finds-asteroid-2024-yr4-is-building-sized/" rel="noopener">uniquely able</a> to measure the object, which turned out to be the size of a 15-story building. While this particular asteroid is no longer considered a threat to Earth, the study demonstrated Webb’s ability to assess the hazard.</p>
  1373. <p>Webb also provided support for NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/dart/" rel="noopener">Double Asteroid Redirection Test</a> (DART) mission, which deliberately smashed into the Didymos binary asteroid system, showing that a planned impact <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/dart/nasa-study-asteroids-orbit-shape-changed-after-dart-impact/" rel="noopener">could deflect</a> an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/webb-hubble-capture-detailed-views-of-dart-impact/" rel="noopener">Both Webb and Hubble</a> observed the impact, serving witness to the resulting spray of material that was ejected. Webb’s <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11168" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">spectroscopic observations</a> of the system confirmed that the composition of the asteroids is probably typical of those that could threaten Earth.</p>
  1374. </p>
  1375. <p class="has-text-align-center">—-</p>
  1376. </p>
  1377. <p>In just three years of operations, Webb has brought the distant universe into focus, revealing unexpectedly bright and numerous galaxies. It has unveiled new stars in their dusty cocoons, remains of exploded stars, and skeletons of entire galaxies. It has studied weather on gas giants, and hunted for atmospheres on rocky planets. And it has provided new insights into the residents of our own solar system.</p>
  1378. <p>But this is only the beginning. Engineers estimate that Webb has enough fuel to continue observing for at least 20 more years, giving us the opportunity to answer additional questions, pursue new mysteries, and put together more pieces of the cosmic puzzle.</p>
  1379. <p>For example: What were the very first stars like? Did stars form differently in the early universe? Do we even know how galaxies form? How do stars, dust, and supermassive black holes affect each other? What can merging galaxy clusters tell us about the nature of dark matter? How do collisions, bursts of stellar radiation, and migration of icy pebbles affect planet-forming disks? Can atmospheres survive on <a href="https://rockyworlds.stsci.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rocky worlds</a> orbiting active red dwarf stars? Is Uranus’s moon Ariel an ocean world?</p>
  1380. <p>As with any scientific endeavor, every answer raises more questions, and Webb has shown that its investigative power is unmatched. Demand for observing time on Webb is at an <a href="https://www.stsci.edu/contents/newsletters/2025-volume-42-issue-01/jwst-cycle-4-tac-results?filterUUID=78a9f3f8-7739-4283-92a6-14b9a990f2f7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">all-time high</a>, greater than any other telescope in history, on the ground or in space. What new findings <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/what-is-webb-observing/" rel="noopener">await</a>?</p>
  1381. <p><strong>By Dr. Macarena Garcia Marin and Margaret W. Carruthers, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</strong></p>
  1382. <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-media-contacts">Media Contacts</h2>
  1383. <p><strong>Laura Betz</strong> – <a href="mailto:laura.e.betz@nasa.gov">laura.e.betz@nasa.gov</a><br />NASA’s <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/goddard" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>, Greenbelt, Md.</p>
  1384. <p><strong>Christine Pulliam</strong> – <a href="mailto:cpulliam@stsci.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cpulliam@stsci.edu</a><br /><a href="https://www.stsci.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Space Telescope Science Institute</a>, Baltimore, Md.</p>
  1385. </p>
  1386. <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-related-information">Related Information</h2>
  1387. <p><strong><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/latestnews/" rel="noopener">More Webb News</a></strong></p>
  1388. <p><strong><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/multimedia/images/" rel="noopener">More Webb Images</a></strong></p>
  1389. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/science-overview/" rel="noopener"><strong>Webb Science Themes</strong></a></p>
  1390. <p><strong><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" rel="noopener">Webb Mission Page</a></strong> </p>
  1391. </p>
  1392. <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-related-for-kids">Related For Kids</h2>
  1393. <p><a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>What is the Webb Telescope?</strong></a></p>
  1394. <p><a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>SpacePlace for Kids</strong></a></p>
  1395. </p>
  1396. <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-en-espanol">En Español</h2>
  1397. <p><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Ciencia de la NASA</strong></a></p>
  1398. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>NASA en español </strong></a></p>
  1399. <p><a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/sp/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Space Place para niños</strong></a></p>
  1400. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  1401. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1402. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1403. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1404. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1405. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Related Topics</h2>
  1406. </p></div>
  1407. </p></div>
  1408. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1409. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1410. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1411. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1412. <div>
  1413. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1414. <span>James Webb Space Telescope</span><br />
  1415. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1416. </h3>
  1417. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the…</p>
  1418. </p></div>
  1419. </p></div>
  1420. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="890" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp 3600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=300,174 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=768,445 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1024,593 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1536,890 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2048,1186 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=400,232 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=600,348 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=900,521 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1200,695 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2000,1158 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1421. </p></div>
  1422. <p> </a><br />
  1423. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1424. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1425. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1426. <div>
  1427. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1428. <span>Galaxies</span><br />
  1429. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1430. </p>
  1431. </p></div>
  1432. </p></div>
  1433. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="938" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?w=1200" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=300,235 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=768,600 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=1024,800 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=400,313 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=600,469 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=900,704 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></figure>
  1434. </p></div>
  1435. <p> </a><br />
  1436. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/exoplanets/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1437. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1438. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1439. <div>
  1440. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1441. <span>Exoplanets</span><br />
  1442. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1443. </p>
  1444. </p></div>
  1445. </p></div>
  1446. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/exoplanets1.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1447. </p></div>
  1448. <p> </a><br />
  1449. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1450. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1451. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1452. <div>
  1453. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1454. <span>Universe</span><br />
  1455. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1456. </p>
  1457. </p></div>
  1458. </p></div>
  1459. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1514" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg 3941w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=300,296 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=768,757 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1024,1009 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1536,1514 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=2048,2019 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=400,394 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=600,591 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=900,887 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=1200,1183 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/ngc5068-1-flat-final.jpg?resize=2000,1972 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1460. </p></div>
  1461. <p> </a>
  1462. </div>
  1463. </p></div>
  1464. </p></div>
  1465. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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  1471. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
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  1494. </li>
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  1496. </p></div>
  1497. </p></div>
  1498. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1499. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
  1500. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1501. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  1502. </p></div>
  1503. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  1504. <div class="grid-col-4">
  1505. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  1506. </p></div>
  1507. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 02, 2025</div>
  1508. </p></div>
  1509. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  1510. <div class="grid-col-4">
  1511. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
  1512. </div>
  1513. <div class="grid-col-8">Marty McCoy</div>
  1514. </div>
  1515. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  1516. <div class="grid-col-4">
  1517. <div class="subheading">Contact</div>
  1518. </div>
  1519. <div class="grid-col-8">
  1520. <div class="margin-bottom-3">
  1521. <div>Laura Betz</div>
  1522. <div><a href="mailto:laura.e.betz@nasa.gov">laura.e.betz@nasa.gov</a></div>
  1523. </div>
  1524. </div>
  1525. </div></div>
  1526. </p></div>
  1527. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1528. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
  1529. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1530. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  1531. </div>
  1532. <ul class="article-tags">
  1533. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb" rel="noopener">James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)</a></li>
  1534. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
  1535. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" rel="noopener">Black Holes</a></li>
  1536. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/brown-dwarfs/" rel="noopener">Brown Dwarfs</a></li>
  1537. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/exoplanet-science/" rel="noopener">Exoplanet Science</a></li>
  1538. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" rel="noopener">Exoplanets</a></li>
  1539. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" rel="noopener">Galaxies</a></li>
  1540. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/galaxies-stars-black-holes/" rel="noopener">Galaxies, Stars, &#038; Black Holes</a></li>
  1541. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
  1542. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/nebulae/" rel="noopener">Nebulae</a></li>
  1543. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">Science &#038; Research</a></li>
  1544. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/nebulae/star-forming-nebulae/" rel="noopener">Star-forming Nebulae</a></li>
  1545. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" rel="noopener">Stars</a></li>
  1546. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/programs/exep/" rel="noopener">Studying Exoplanets</a></li>
  1547. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
  1548. </ul>
  1549. </div>
  1550. </div></div>
  1551. </section></div>
  1552. ]]></content:encoded>
  1556. </item>
  1557. <item>
  1558. <title>NASA Stennis Engineer Takes Pride in Test Support Work</title>
  1559. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/dwayne-lavigne-takes-pride-in-test-work/</link>
  1561. <dc:creator><![CDATA[LaToya Dean]]></dc:creator>
  1562. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  1563. <category><![CDATA[Stennis Space Center]]></category>
  1564. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883786</guid>
  1565.  
  1566. <description><![CDATA[As a controls engineer at NASA’s Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, Dwayne Lavigne does not just fix problems – he helps put pieces together at America’s largest rocket propulsion test site. “There are a lot of interesting problems to solve, and they are never the same,” Lavigne said. “Sometimes, it is like [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1567. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1362" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Dwayne Lavigne" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg 5550w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=1024,681 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=1536,1021 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=2048,1362 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=900,598 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=1200,798 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/s25-017-dwayne-lavigne.jpg?resize=2000,1330 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Dwayne Lavigne works as a controls engineer at NASA’s Stennis Space Center, where he supports NASA’s Artemis mission by programming specialized computers for engine testing.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Danny Nowlin</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1568.  
  1569.  
  1570. <p>As a controls engineer at NASA’s Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, Dwayne Lavigne does not just fix problems – he helps put pieces together at America’s largest rocket propulsion test site.</p>
  1571.  
  1572.  
  1573.  
  1574. <p>“There are a lot of interesting problems to solve, and they are never the same,” Lavigne said. “Sometimes, it is like solving a very cool puzzle and can be pretty satisfying.”</p>
  1575.  
  1576.  
  1577.  
  1578. <p>Lavigne programs specialized computers called programmable logic controllers. They are extremely fast and reliable for automating precisely timed operations during rocket engine tests as NASA Stennis supports the agency’s Artemis missions to explore the Moon and build the foundation for the first crewed mission to Mars.</p>
  1579.  
  1580.  
  1581.  
  1582. <p>However, the system will not act unless certain parameters are met in the proper sequence. It can be a complex relationship. Sometimes, 20 or 30 things must be in the correct configuration to perform an operation, such as making a valve open or close, or turning a motor on or off.</p>
  1583.  
  1584.  
  1585.  
  1586. <p>The Picayune, Mississippi, native is responsible for establishing new signal paths between test hardware and the specialized computers.</p>
  1587.  
  1588.  
  1589.  
  1590. <p>He also develops the human machine interface for the controls. The interface is a screen graphic that test engineers use to interact with hardware.</p>
  1591.  
  1592.  
  1593.  
  1594. <p>Lavigne has worked with NASA for more than a decade. One of his proudest work moments came when he contributed to development of an automated test sequencing routine used during all RS-25 engine tests on the Fred Haise Test Stand.</p>
  1595.  
  1596.  
  1597.  
  1598. <p>“We’ve had many successful tests over the years, and each one is a point of pride,” he said.</p>
  1599.  
  1600.  
  1601.  
  1602. <p>When Lavigne works on the test stand, he works with the test hardware and interacts with technicians and engineers who perform different tasks than he does. It provides an appreciation for the group effort it takes to support NASA’s mission.</p>
  1603.  
  1604.  
  1605.  
  1606. <p>“The group of people I work with are driven to get the job done and get it done right,” he said.</p>
  1607.  
  1608.  
  1609.  
  1610. <p>In total, Lavigne has been part of the NASA Stennis federal city for 26 years. He initially worked as a contractor with the Naval Oceanographic Office as a data entry operator and with the Naval Research Laboratory as a software developer.</p>
  1611.  
  1612.  
  1613.  
  1614. <p>September marks 55 years since NASA Stennis became a federal city. NASA, and more than 50 companies, organizations, and agencies located onsite share in operating costs, which allows tenants to direct more of their funding to individual missions. </p>
  1615.  
  1616.  
  1617.  
  1618. <p>“Stennis has a talented workforce accomplishing many different tasks,” said Lavigne. “The three agencies I’ve worked with at NASA Stennis are all very focused on doing the job correctly and professionally. In all three agencies, people realize that lives could be at risk if mistakes are made or shortcuts are taken.”</p>
  1619.  
  1620.  
  1621. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
  1622. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/stennis/about-stennis/employers-and-careers/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true" aria-label="Learn More About Careers at NASA Stennis">
  1623. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Learn More About Careers at NASA Stennis</span>
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  1629. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
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  1631. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
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  1641. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div>
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  1646. <span>Article</span>
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  1659. </div>
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  1661. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
  1662. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Stennis Releases First Open-Source Software</h3></div>
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  1666. <span>Article</span>
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  1669. 2 months ago </span>
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  1679. </div>
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  1681. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div>
  1682. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Stennis Software is Built for Future Growth</h3></div>
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  1686. <span>Article</span>
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  1688. <span class="">
  1689. 2 months ago </span>
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  1694. </div>
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  1696. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  1700. </item>
  1701. <item>
  1702. <title>Curiosity Blog, Sols 4586-4587: Straight Drive, Strategic Science</title>
  1703. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4586-4587-straight-drive-strategic-science/</link>
  1705. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1706. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 01:23:33 +0000</pubDate>
  1707. <category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
  1708. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4586-4587-straight-drive-strategic-science/</guid>
  1709.  
  1710. <description><![CDATA[Written by Scott VanBommel, Planetary Scientist at Washington University in St. Louis Earth planning date: Monday, June 30, 2025 Our weekend drive placed Curiosity exactly where we had hoped: on lighter-toned, resistant bedrock we have been eyeing for close study. Curiosity’s workspace tosol did not contain any targets suitable for DRT. After a detailed discussion […]]]></description>
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  1763. <div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
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  1765. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  1766. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
  1767. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4586-4587: Straight Drive, Strategic Science</h1>
  1768. </div>
  1769. </div>
  1770. </div>
  1771. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1772. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1773. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1774. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="512" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A grayscale photo of a Martian landscape shows very rough, rocky, and cracked terrain extending from the foreground to a horizon line in the distance, across the middle of the frame. From the midpoint of that horizon line, a layered hill rises toward the upper right side of the image. In the far distance, a hazy stretch of dunes and hills is visible. And a cylindrical portion of the rover is visible in the foreground, extending up from the bottom edge of the frame." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1775. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Right Navigation Camera on June 28, 2025 — Sol 4583, or Martian day 4,583 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 03:20:22 UTC.</div>
  1776. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1777. </figcaption></div>
  1778. </div>
  1779. </div>
  1780. <p>Written by Scott VanBommel, Planetary Scientist at Washington University in St. Louis</p>
  1781. <p>Earth planning date: Monday, June 30, 2025</p>
  1782. <p>Our <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4584-4585-just-a-small-bump/" rel="noopener">weekend drive</a> placed Curiosity exactly where we had hoped: on lighter-toned, resistant bedrock we have been eyeing for close study. Curiosity’s workspace tosol did not contain any targets suitable for DRT. After a detailed discussion by the team, weighing science not only in tosol’s plan but the holiday-shifted sols ahead, the decision was made to perform contact science at the current workspace and then drive in the second sol of the plan. </p>
  1783. <p>Normally, drives in the second sol of a two-sol plan are uncommon, as we require information on the ground to assess in advance of the next sol’s planning. At present however, the current “Mars time” is quite favorable, enabling Curiosity’s team to operate within “<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4450-4451-making-the-most-of-a-monday/" rel="noopener">nominal sols</a>” and receive the necessary data in time for Wednesday’s one-sol plan. DAN kicked off the first sol of the plan with a passive measurement, complemented by another in the afternoon and two more on the second sol. Arm activities focused on placing MAHLI and APXS on “La Paz” and “Playa Agua de Luna,” two lighter-toned, laminated rocks.</p>
  1784. <p>The rest of the first sol was rounded out with ChemCam LIBS analyses on “La Joya” followed by further LIBS analyses on “La Vega” on the second sol, once Curiosity’s arm was out of the way of the laser. ChemCam and Mastcam additionally imaged “Mishe Mokwa” prior to the nearly straight drive of about 20 meters (about 66 feet). Environmental monitoring activities, imaging of the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3825-3826-another-beautiful-hole-on-mars/" rel="noopener">CheMin inlet cover</a>, and a <a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!O_KgxwayE1kX4JByOtG24H1gXvOp7VxqORD0q_ROagm0H4zcT1V0xbDB3gDo1n35Jk3Io9it_h8fTwmK4VxuuSRIBYruAw$" rel="noopener">SAM</a><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/" rel="noopener"> </a><a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!O_KgxwayE1kX4JByOtG24H1gXvOp7VxqORD0q_ROagm0H4zcT1V0xbDB3gDo1n35Jk3Io9it_h8fTwmK4VxuuSRIBYruAw$" rel="noopener">EBT activity</a> rounded out Curiosity’s efforts on the second sol.</p>
  1785. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
  1786. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-updates/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates" rel="noopener"><br />
  1787. <span class="line-height-alt-1">For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates</span><br />
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  1789. </a></p></div>
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  1791. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-instruments/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments" rel="noopener"><br />
  1792. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments</span><br />
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  1830. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1831. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  1832. </p></div>
  1833. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  1834. <div class="grid-col-4">
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  1948. </p></div>
  1949. </p></div>
  1950. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1951. </p></div>
  1952. <p> </a><br />
  1953. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1954. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1955. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1956. <div>
  1957. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1958. <span>All Mars Resources</span><br />
  1959. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1960. </h3>
  1961. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this collection of Mars images, videos, resources, PDFs, and toolkits. Discover valuable content designed to inform, educate, and inspire,…</p>
  1962. </p></div>
  1963. </p></div>
  1964. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="792" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/mars/resources/detail_files/2/5/25757_1-PIA24543-Curiositys-Selfie-at-Mont-Mercou-main-web.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=792&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></figure>
  1965. </p></div>
  1966. <p> </a><br />
  1967. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1968. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1969. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1970. <div>
  1971. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1972. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
  1973. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1974. </h3>
  1975. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
  1976. </p></div>
  1977. </p></div>
  1978. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
  1979. </p></div>
  1980. <p> </a><br />
  1981. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1982. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1983. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1984. <div>
  1985. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1986. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
  1987. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1988. </h3>
  1989. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
  1990. </p></div>
  1991. </p></div>
  1992. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
  1993. </p></div>
  1994. <p> </a>
  1995. </div>
  1996. </p></div>
  1997. </p></div>
  1998. ]]></content:encoded>
  2002. </item>
  2003. </channel>
  2004. </rss>
  2005.  

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