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  <li>A Flight Readiness Review in which a board of independent experts from a ...
  

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Source: https://www.nasa.gov/feed/

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23. <title>NASA&#8217;s LRO Views Japan&#8217;s RESILENCE Lunar Lander Landing Area</title>
24. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-lro-views-japans-resilence-lunar-lander-landing-area/</link>
26. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jamie Adkins]]></dc:creator>
27. <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2025 18:17:43 +0000</pubDate>
28. <category><![CDATA[Earth's Moon]]></category>
29. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
30. <category><![CDATA[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)]]></category>
31. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=864266</guid>
32.  
33. <description><![CDATA[NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) imaged the landing area of the ispace SMBC x HAKUTO-R Venture Moon Mission 2 RESILIENCE lunar lander which is slated to land on the surface of the Moon no earlier than June 5, 2025 (UTC). This view of the primary landing area is 3.13 miles (5,040 meters) wide and north is up. [&#8230;]]]></description>
34. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">1 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
35.  
36. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1100" height="1100" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?w=1100" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A black and white image of the surface of the Moon taken from NASA&#039;s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing the Mare Frigoris landing site on the surface of the Moon." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png 1100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=768,768 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=600,600 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ispace-m1488965987-90cm-str01-shrink4x-.png?resize=900,900 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px" loading="eager" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
37.  
38.  
39. <p><em>NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) imaged the landing area of the ispace SMBC x HAKUTO-R Venture Moon Mission 2 RESILIENCE lunar lander which is slated to land on the surface of the Moon no earlier than June 5, 2025 (UTC). This view of the primary landing area is 3.13 miles (5,040 meters) wide and north is up. The site is in Mare Frigoris, a volcanic region interspersed with large-scale faults known as wrinkle ridges. Mare Frigoris formed over 3.5 billion years ago as massive basalt eruptions flooded low-lying terrain. </em></p>
40.  
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78. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
79. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
80. </div>
81. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
82. <div class="grid-col-4">
83. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
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85. <div class="grid-col-8">May 16, 2025</div>
86. </div>
87. </div>
88. </div>
89. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/moon/" rel="noopener">Earth&#039;s Moon</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lro" rel="noopener">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)</a></li></ul></div></div>
90. </div>
91. </section>
92. </div>]]></content:encoded>
96. </item>
97. <item>
98. <title>Nancy Grace Roman’s 100th Birthday</title>
99. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nancy-grace-romans-100th-birthday/</link>
101. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
102. <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2025 17:35:17 +0000</pubDate>
103. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=864182</guid>
104.  
105. <description><![CDATA[Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, NASA&#8217;s first Chief of Astronomy and namesake of the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope, briefs astronaut Edwin &#8220;Buzz&#8221; Aldrin on celestial objects in 1965 in Washington, D.C. Nancy Grace Roman passed away on December 25, 2018, in Germantown, Maryland at the age of 93. May 16, 2025, would have been her 100th [&#8230;]]]></description>
106. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1560" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Two people - astronaut Buzz Aldrin and Dr. Nancy Grace Roman - look at a map of celestial objects hanging on a wall in front of them. The photos is taken from the side, so their profiles are visible. Aldrin wears a dark suit and tie, while Roman wears a gray short sleeved jacket. She is pointing at a constellation on the blue and white map." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg 4500w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=300,228 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=768,585 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=1024,780 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=1536,1170 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=2048,1560 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=400,305 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=600,457 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=900,685 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=1200,914 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/41304996754-d135f524b1-o.jpg?resize=2000,1523 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
107.  
108.  
109. <p>Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, NASA&#8217;s first Chief of Astronomy and namesake of the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/" rel="noopener">Nancy Grace Roman Telescope</a>, briefs astronaut Edwin &#8220;Buzz&#8221; Aldrin on celestial objects in 1965 in Washington, D.C. Nancy Grace Roman passed away on December 25, 2018, in Germantown, Maryland at the age of 93. May 16, 2025, would have been her 100<sup>th</sup> birthday.</p>
110.  
111.  
112.  
113. <p>Prior to joining NASA in 1959, Dr. Roman was a well-respected and influential astronomer, publishing some of the most cited papers in the mid-20<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;century, one included in a list of 100 most influential papers in 100 years. At the agency, Roman worked to gain science support for space-based observatories. She established NASA’s scientific ballooning and airborne science, oversaw the start of the Great Observatory program with the first decade of Hubble Space Telescope development, and invested early in charge-coupled devices technology development used on Hubble – and now in digital cameras everywhere.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
114.  
115.  
116.  
117. <p>She was also key to the decision to link the development of the Large Space Telescope (that became Hubble) and the Space Transportation System – more commonly known as the Space Shuttle. Finally, after retiring from NASA, Dr. Roman often worked with young students in underserved communities, hoping her story and mentoring could inspire them to join humanity’s quest for knowledge in a STEM field.</p>
118.  
119.  
120.  
121. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/people/nancy-roman/" rel="noopener">Learn more about Dr. Roman.</a></p>
122.  
123.  
124.  
125. <p><em>Text credit: NASA/Jackie Townsend</em></p>
126.  
127.  
128.  
129. <p><em>Image credit: NASA</em></p>
130. ]]></content:encoded>
134. </item>
135. <item>
136. <title>NASA, International Astronauts Address Students from New York, Ohio</title>
137. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-international-astronauts-address-students-from-new-york-ohio/</link>
139. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerelle Q. Dodson]]></dc:creator>
140. <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2025 17:20:48 +0000</pubDate>
141. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
142. <category><![CDATA[In-flight Education Downlinks]]></category>
143. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
144. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
145. <category><![CDATA[Learning Resources]]></category>
146. <category><![CDATA[NASA Headquarters]]></category>
147. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=864227</guid>
148.  
149. <description><![CDATA[NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi will answer prerecorded questions submitted by middle and high school students from New York and Ohio. Both groups will hear from the astronauts aboard the International Space Station in two separate events. The first event at 10:20 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May [&#8230;]]]></description>
150. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Astronaut Anne McClain is pictured on May 1, 2025, near one of the International Space Station&#039;s main solar arrays." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 74% 50%; object-position: 74% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-8b425c4045-k.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Astronaut Anne McClain is pictured on May 1, 2025, near one of the International Space Station&#8217;s main solar arrays.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
151.  
152.  
153. <p>NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi will answer prerecorded questions submitted by middle and high school students from New York and Ohio. Both groups will hear from the astronauts aboard the International Space Station in two separate events.</p>
154.  
155.  
156.  
157. <p>The first event at 10:20 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 20, includes students from Long Beach Middle School in Lido Beach, New York. Media interested in covering the event at Long Beach Middle School must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. Monday, May 19, to Christi Tursi at: <a href="mailto:ctursi@lbeach.org">ctursi@lbeach.org</a> or 516-771-3960.</p>
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159.  
160.  
161. <p>The second event at 11 a.m. EDT on Friday, May 23, is with students from Vermilion High School in Vermilion, Ohio. Media interested in covering the event at Vermilion High School must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. Thursday, May 22, to Jennifer Bengele at: <a href="mailto:jbengele@vermilionschools.org">jbengele@vermilionschools.org</a> or 440-479-7783.</p>
162.  
163.  
164.  
165. <p>Watch both 20-minute Earth-to-space calls live on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@NASASTEM/live" rel="noopener">NASA STEM YouTube Channel</a>.</p>
166.  
167.  
168.  
169. <p>Long Beach Middle School will host the event for students in grades 6 through 8. The school aims to provide both the students and community with an experience that bridge gaps in space sciences with teaching and learning in classrooms.</p>
170.  
171.  
172.  
173. <p>Vermilion High School will host the event for students in grades 9 through 12, to help increase student interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career pathways.</p>
174.  
175.  
176.  
177. <p>For more than 24 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SCaN</a>’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.</p>
178.  
179.  
180.  
181. <p>Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency missions. As part of NASA’s <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/artemis">Artemis</a> campaign, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars, inspiring Artemis Generation explorers and ensuring the United States continues to lead in space exploration and discovery.</p>
182.  
183.  
184.  
185. <p>See videos of astronauts aboard the space station at:</p>
186.  
187.  
188.  
189. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation</strong></a></p>
190.  
191.  
192.  
193. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
194.  
195.  
196.  
197. <p>Gerelle Dodson<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov">gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov</a></p>
198.  
199.  
200.  
201. <p>Sandra Jones<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov">sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov</a></p>
202.  
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258. </item>
259. <item>
260. <title>Hubble Captures Cotton Candy Clouds</title>
261. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-cotton-candy-clouds/</link>
263. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
264. <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2025 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
265. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
266. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics Division]]></category>
267. <category><![CDATA[Emission Nebulae]]></category>
268. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
269. <category><![CDATA[Hubble Space Telescope]]></category>
270. <category><![CDATA[Nebulae]]></category>
271. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
272. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-cotton-candy-clouds/</guid>
273.  
274. <description><![CDATA[This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a sparkling cloudscape from one of the Milky Way’s galactic neighbors, a dwarf galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud. Located 160,000 light-years away in the constellations Dorado and Mensa, the Large Magellanic Cloud is the largest of the Milky Way’s many small satellite galaxies. This view of dusty […]]]></description>
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371. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
372. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Hubble Captures Cotton Candy Clouds</h1>
373. </div>
374. </div>
375. </div>
376. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
377. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
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379. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=4016&#038;h=4015&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="4016" height="4015" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=4016&#038;h=4015&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Part of a nebula in space. Layers of gas and dust clouds in different colors, from blue and green shades to pink, red, and black, each indicating light emitted by different molecules, comprise the nebula. The background cloud layers are thicker and puffier, though still translucent, and the upper layers are thin and bright at the edges. Behind the clouds are many small, mostly orange and some blue, stars." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=4016&#038;h=4015&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4016w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2047&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_potw2519a.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=2000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4016px) 100vw, 4016px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
380. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a cloudscape in the Large Magellanic Cloud., a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.</div>
381. <div class="hds-credits">ESA/Hubble &#038; NASA, C. Murray</div>
382. </figcaption></div>
383. </div>
384. </div>
385. <p>This NASA/ESA <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a> image features a sparkling cloudscape from one of the Milky Way’s galactic neighbors, a dwarf galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud. Located 160,000 light-years away in the constellations Dorado and Mensa, the Large Magellanic Cloud is the largest of the Milky Way’s many small satellite galaxies.</p>
386. <p>This view of dusty gas clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud is possible thanks to Hubble’s cameras, such as the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/observatory/design/wide-field-camera-3/" rel="noopener">Wide Field Camera 3</a> (WFC3) that collected the observations for this image. WFC3 holds a variety of filters, and each lets through specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. This image combines observations made with five different filters, including some that capture ultraviolet and infrared light that the human eye cannot see.</p>
387. <p>The wispy gas clouds in this image resemble brightly colored cotton candy. When viewing such a vividly colored cosmic scene, it is natural to wonder whether the colors are ‘real’. After all, Hubble, with its 7.8-foot-wide (2.4 m) mirror and advanced scientific instruments, doesn’t bear resemblance to a typical camera! When image-processing specialists combine raw filtered data into a multi-colored image like this one, they assign a color to each filter. Visible-light observations typically correspond to the color that the filter allows through. Shorter wavelengths of light such as ultraviolet are usually assigned blue or purple, while longer wavelengths like infrared are typically red.</p>
388. <p>This color scheme closely represents reality while adding new information from the portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans cannot see. However, there are endless possible color combinations that can be employed to achieve an especially aesthetically pleasing or scientifically insightful image.</p>
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414. <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">Media Contact</span>:</strong></p>
415. <p><strong>Claire Andreoli</strong> (<a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>claire.andreoli@nasa.gov</strong></a>)<br /><strong>NASA’s </strong><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><strong>Goddard Space Flight Center</strong></a>, <strong>Greenbelt, MD</strong></p>
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440. </li>
441. <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss">
442. <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Subscribe to RSS feed."><br />
443. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg><br />
444. </a>
445. </li>
446. </ul></div>
447. </p></div>
448. </p></div>
449. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
450. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
451. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
452. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
453. </p></div>
454. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
455. <div class="grid-col-4">
456. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
457. </p></div>
458. <div class="grid-col-8">May 15, 2025</div>
459. </p></div>
460. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
461. <div class="grid-col-4">
462. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
463. </div>
464. <div class="grid-col-8">Andrea Gianopoulos</div>
465. </div>
466. <div class="grid-row">
467. <div class="grid-col-4">
468. <div class="subheading">Location</div>
469. </div>
470. <div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</span></a></div>
471. </div></div>
472. </p></div>
473. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
474. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
475. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
476. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
477. </div>
478. <ul class="article-tags">
479. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
480. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
481. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics Division</a></li>
482. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/nebulae/emission-nebulae/" rel="noopener">Emission Nebulae</a></li>
483. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
484. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/nebulae/" rel="noopener">Nebulae</a></li>
485. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
486. </ul>
487. </div>
488. </div></div>
489. </section></div>
490. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
491. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
492. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
493. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
494. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
495. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From Hubble</h2>
496. </p></div>
497. </p></div>
498. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
499. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/hubble/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
500. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
501. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
502. <div>
503. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
504. <span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><br />
505. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
506. </h3>
507. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.</p>
508. </p></div>
509. </p></div>
510. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1512" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?w=1512" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg 4031w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=295,300 295w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=768,780 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1008,1024 1008w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1512,1536 1512w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=2016,2048 2016w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=394,400 394w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=591,600 591w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=886,900 886w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1181,1200 1181w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1969,2000 1969w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px" /></figure>
511. </p></div>
512. <p> </a><br />
513. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/universe-uncovered/hubble-nebulae/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
514. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
515. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
516. <div>
517. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
518. <span>Hubble’s Nebulae</span><br />
519. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
520. </p>
521. </p></div>
522. </p></div>
523. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1050" height="1068" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?w=1050" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp 1050w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=295,300 295w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=768,781 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=1007,1024 1007w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=393,400 393w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=590,600 590w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hubble-nebula-1999-display-1-jpg.webp?resize=885,900 885w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px" /></figure>
524. </p></div>
525. <p> </a><br />
526. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/science-behind-the-discoveries/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
527. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
528. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
529. <div>
530. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
531. <span>Science Behind the Discoveries</span><br />
532. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
533. </p>
534. </p></div>
535. </p></div>
536. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1311" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?w=1311" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png 1707w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=256,300 256w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=768,900 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=874,1024 874w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=1311,1536 1311w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=341,400 341w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=512,600 512w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/stsci-h-p1915a-m-1707x2000-1.png?resize=1024,1200 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1311px) 100vw, 1311px" /></figure>
537. </p></div>
538. <p> </a><br />
539. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubbles-night-sky-challenge/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
540. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
541. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
542. <div>
543. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
544. <span>Hubble’s Night Sky Challenge</span><br />
545. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
546. </p>
547. </p></div>
548. </p></div>
549. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="375" height="350" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=300&#038;h=280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px" /></figure>
550. </p></div>
551. <p> </a>
552. </div>
553. </p></div>
554. </p></div>
555. ]]></content:encoded>
559. </item>
560. <item>
561. <title>NASA X-59’s Latest Testing Milestone: Simulating Flight from the Ground</title>
562. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/x-59-aluminum-bird/</link>
564. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jim Banke]]></dc:creator>
565. <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 2025 10:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
566. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics]]></category>
567. <category><![CDATA[Advanced Air Vehicles Program]]></category>
568. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate]]></category>
569. <category><![CDATA[Ames Research Center]]></category>
570. <category><![CDATA[Armstrong Flight Research Center]]></category>
571. <category><![CDATA[Commercial Supersonic Technology]]></category>
572. <category><![CDATA[Glenn Research Center]]></category>
573. <category><![CDATA[Integrated Aviation Systems Program]]></category>
574. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
575. <category><![CDATA[Low Boom Flight Demonstrator]]></category>
576. <category><![CDATA[Quesst (X-59)]]></category>
577. <category><![CDATA[Quesst: The Vehicle]]></category>
578. <category><![CDATA[Supersonic Flight]]></category>
579. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=862798</guid>
580.  
581. <description><![CDATA[NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft successfully completed a critical series of tests in which the airplane was put through its paces for cruising high above the California desert – all without ever leaving the ground. “The idea behind these tests is to command the airplane&#8217;s subsystems and flight computer to function as if it [&#8230;]]]></description>
582. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
583.  
584. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1366" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A white NASA jet airplane sits inside a fabric-covered-roof hangar with several people working at a nearby table with computers." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg 6717w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft is seen during its “aluminum bird” systems testing at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale, California.  The test verified how the aircraft’s hardware and software work together, responding to pilot inputs and handling injected system failures. </div><div class="hds-credits">Lockheed Martin / Garry Tice</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
585.  
586.  
587. <p>NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft successfully completed a critical series of tests in which the airplane was put through its paces for cruising high above the California desert – all without ever leaving the ground.</p>
588.  
589.  
590.  
591. <p>“The idea behind these tests is to command the airplane&#8217;s subsystems and flight computer to function as if it is flying,” said Yohan Lin, the X-59’s lead avionics engineer at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.</p>
592.  
593.  
594.  
595. <p>The goal of ground-based simulation testing was to make sure the hardware and software that will allow the X-59 to fly safely are properly working together and able to handle any unexpected problems.</p>
596.  
597.  
598.  
599. <p>Any new aircraft is a combination of systems, and identifying the little adjustments required to optimize performance is an important step in a disciplined approach toward flight.</p>
600.  
601.  
602.  
603. <p>“We thought we might find a few things during the tests that would prompt us to go back and tweak them to work better, especially with some of the software, and that’s what we wound up experiencing. So, these tests were very helpful,” Lin said.</p>
604.  
605.  
606.  
607. <p>Completing the tests marks another milestone off the checklist of things to do before the X-59 makes its first flight this year, continuing NASA’s Quesst mission to help enable commercial supersonic air travel over land.</p>
608.  
609.  
610.  
611. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Simulating the Sky</strong></h3>
612.  
613.  
614.  
615. <p>During the testing, engineers from NASA and contractor Lockheed Martin turned on most of the X-59’s systems, leaving the engine off. For example, if the pilot moved the control stick a certain way, the flight computer moved the aircraft’s rudder or other control surfaces, just as it would in flight.</p>
616.  
617.  
618.  
619. <p>At the same time, the airplane was electronically connected to a ground computer that sends simulated signals – which the X-59 interpreted as real – such as changes in altitude, speed, temperature, or the health of various systems.</p>
620.  
621.  
622.  
623. <p>Sitting in the cockpit, the pilot “flew” the aircraft to see how the airplane would respond.</p>
624.  
625.  
626.  
627. <p>“These were simple maneuvers, nothing too crazy,” Lin said. “We would then inject failures into the airplane to see how it would respond. Would the system compensate for the failure? Was the pilot able to recover?”</p>
628.  
629.  
630.  
631. <p>Unlike in typical astronaut training simulations, where flight crews do not know what scenarios they might encounter, the X-59 pilots mostly knew what the aircraft would experience during every test and even helped plan them to better focus on the aircraft systems&#8217; response.</p>
632.  
633.  
634. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A NASA test pilot sits in the cockpit of a jet aircraft." style="transform: scale(1.5); transform-origin: 47% 71%; object-position: 47% 71%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg 6720w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-18-copy.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA test pilot James Less sits in the cockpit of the X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft as he participates in a series of &#8220;aluminum bird&#8221; systems tests at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale, California.</div><div class="hds-credits">Lockheed Martin / Garry Tice</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
635.  
636.  
637. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Aluminum vs. Iron</strong></h3>
638.  
639.  
640.  
641. <p>In aircraft development, this work is known as “iron bird” testing, named for a simple metal frame on which representations of the aircraft’s subsystems are installed, connected, and checked out.</p>
642.  
643.  
644.  
645. <p>Building such a testbed is a common practice for development programs in which many aircraft will be manufactured. But since the X-59 is a one-of-a-kind airplane, officials decided it was better and less expensive to use the aircraft itself.</p>
646.  
647.  
648.  
649. <p>As a result, engineers dubbed this series of exercises “aluminum bird” testing, since that’s the metal the X-59 is mostly made of.</p>
650.  
651.  
652.  
653. <p>So, instead of testing an “iron bird” with copies of an aircraft’s systems on a non-descript frame, the “aluminum bird” used the actual aircraft and its systems, which in turn meant the test results gave everyone higher confidence in the design,</p>
654.  
655.  
656.  
657. <p>“It’s a perfect example of the old tried and true adage in aviation that says ‘Test what you fly. Fly what you test,’” Lin said.</p>
658.  
659.  
660.  
661. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Still Ahead</strong> for the X-59</h3>
662.  
663.  
664.  
665. <p>With aluminum bird testing in the rearview mirror, the next milestone on the X-59’s path to first flight is take the airplane out on the taxiways at the airport adjacent to Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale, California, where the X-59 was built. First flight would follow those taxi tests.</p>
666.  
667.  
668.  
669. <p>Already in the X-59’s logbook since the fully assembled and painted airplane made its public debut in January 2024:</p>
670.  
671.  
672.  
673. <ul class="wp-block-list">
674. <li>A Flight Readiness Review in which a board of independent experts from across NASA <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/x-59-closer-to-safe-first-flight/" data-type="post" data-id="661529">completed a study of the X-59 project team’s approach</a> to safety for the public and staff during ground and flight testing.</li>
675. </ul>
676.  
677.  
678.  
679. <ul class="wp-block-list">
680. <li>A trio of important structural tests and critical inspections that included “shaking” the airplane to make sure there were <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/nasas-x-59-progresses-through-tests-on-the-path-to-flight/">no unexpected problems from </a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/nasas-x-59-progresses-through-tests-on-the-path-to-flight/" data-type="post" data-id="699210">t</a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/nasas-x-59-progresses-through-tests-on-the-path-to-flight/">he vibrations</a>.</li>
681. </ul>
682.  
683.  
684.  
685. <ul class="wp-block-list">
686. <li>Firing up the GE Aerospace jet engine for the first time after installation into the X-59, including a series of tests of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/nasas-x-59-turns-up-power-throttles-through-engine-tests/" data-type="post" data-id="821008">the engine running with full afterburner</a>.</li>
687. </ul>
688.  
689.  
690.  
691. <ul class="wp-block-list">
692. <li>Checking the wiring that ties together the X-59’s flight computer, electronic systems, and other hardware to be sure there were <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/armstrong/nasas-x-59-completes-electromagnetic-testing/" data-type="post" data-id="826497">no concerns about electromagnetic interference</a>.</li>
693. </ul>
694.  
695.  
696.  
697. <ul class="wp-block-list">
698. <li>Testing the aircraft’s ability to maintain a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-x-59-completes-cruise-control-engine-speed-hold-test/" data-type="image-article" data-id="840493">certain speed while flying</a>, essentially a check of the X-59’s version of cruise control.</li>
699. </ul>
700.  
701.  
702.  
703. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">The X-59 Tests in 59</h3>
704.  
705.  
706.  
707. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
708. <iframe loading="lazy" title="59 seconds on NASA&#039;s X-59 | Aluminum Bird Testing" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4QAGvGKHiPI?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
709. </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Watch this video about the X-59 aluminum bird testing. It only takes a minute. Well, 59 seconds to be precise.</figcaption></figure>
710.  
711.  
712. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/cropped-banke-press-300x300.jpg" alt="Jim Banke"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Jim Banke</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Managing Editor/Senior Writer</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0">Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics&#039; Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on the NASA website.</p></div></div></div>
713.  
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736. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://linkedin.com/company/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on linkedin" rel="noopener">@NASA</a> </div>
737. </div>
738. </div>
739.  
740. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
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750. </div>
751. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
752. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
753. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Top Prize Awarded in Lunar Autonomy Challenge to Virtually Map Moon’s Surface</h3></div>
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757. <span>Article</span>
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760. 3 days ago </span>
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766. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/tacp/ui/usrc/student-teams-selected-0525/" class="color-carbon-black">
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770. </div>
771. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
772. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
773. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Selects Student Teams for Drone Hurricane Response and Cybersecurity Research</h3></div>
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787. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
788. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
789. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg 2821w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=300,206 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=768,527 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=1024,703 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=1536,1054 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=2048,1406 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=400,275 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=600,412 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=900,618 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=1200,824 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/grc-2025-cn-00012.jpg?resize=2000,1373 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
790. </div>
791. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
792. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div>
793. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Glenn Showcases Stirling Engine Technology at Piston Powered Auto-Rama</h3></div>
794. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
795. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
796. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
797. <span>Article</span>
798. </span>
799. <span class="">
800. 5 days ago </span>
801. </div>
802. </div>
803. </a>
804. </div>
805. </div>
806. </section>
807. </div>
808.  
809. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
810. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
811. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
812. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
813. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
814. </div>
815. </div>
816. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
817. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
818. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
819. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
820. <div>
821. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
822. <span>Missions</span>
823. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
824. </p>
825. </div>
826. </div>
827. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
828. </a>
829. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
830. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
831. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
832. <div>
833. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
834. <span>Artemis</span>
835. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
836. </p>
837. </div>
838. </div>
839. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
840. </a>
841. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aeronautics-stem/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
842. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
843. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
844. <div>
845. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
846. <span>Aeronautics STEM</span>
847. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
848. </p>
849. </div>
850. </div>
851. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="610" height="930" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?w=610" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg 610w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w" sizes="(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></figure> </div>
852. </a>
853. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/explore-nasas-history/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
854. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
855. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
856. <div>
857. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
858. <span>Explore NASA&#8217;s History</span>
859. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
860. </p>
861. </div>
862. </div>
863. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1919" height="1878" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1919w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=294&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=752&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=1002&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1503&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=50&amp;h=49&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=587&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=881&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=1174&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px" /></figure> </div>
864. </a>
865. </div>
866. </div>
867. </div>
868.  
869. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
870. <section class="padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
871. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
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874. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
875. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
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880. <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=NASA%20X-59%E2%80%99s%20Latest%20Testing%20Milestone%3A%20Simulating%20Flight%20from%20the%20Ground&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faeronautics%2Fx-59-aluminum-bird%2F" aria-label="Share on X.">
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900. </div>
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902. </div>
903. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
904. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
905. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
906. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
907. </div>
908. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
909. <div class="grid-col-4">
910. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
911. </div>
912. <div class="grid-col-8">May 15, 2025</div>
913. </div>
914. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jim Banke</div></div><div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Contact</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><div class="margin-bottom-3"><div>Matt Kamlet</div><div><a href="mailto:m&#97;&#116;&#116;hew&#46;r.&#107;a&#109;l&#101;t&#64;&#110;asa.go&#118;">matth&#101;&#119;&#46;&#114;.&#107;am&#108;&#101;t&#64;n&#97;&#115;a&#46;go&#118;</a></div></div></div></div> </div>
915. </div>
916. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/">Aeronautics</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aavp/">Advanced Air Vehicles Program</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/">Ames Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/armstrong/">Armstrong Flight Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aavp/cst/">Commercial Supersonic Technology</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/glenn/">Glenn Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/iasp/">Integrated Aviation Systems Program</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/langley-research-center/">Langley Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/iasp/lbfd/">Low Boom Flight Demonstrator</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/quesst/">Quesst (X-59)</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/quesst-the-vehicle/">Quesst: The Vehicle</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/supersonic-flight/">Supersonic Flight</a></li></ul></div></div>
917. </div>
918. </section>
919. </div>]]></content:encoded>
923. <media:content url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4QAGvGKHiPI" medium="video" width="1280" height="720">
924. <media:player url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4QAGvGKHiPI" />
925. <media:title type="plain">59 seconds on NASA&#039;s X-59 | Aluminum Bird Testing</media:title>
926. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[NASA test pilot Nils Larson shares a behind-the-scenes look at what it takes to fly the X-59. In this video, Nils steps into the flight simulator to share hi...]]></media:description>
927. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg" />
928. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
929. </media:content>
930. </item>
931. <item>
932. <title>Top Prize Awarded in Lunar Autonomy Challenge to Virtually Map Moon’s Surface</title>
933. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/top-prize-awarded-in-lunar-autonomy-challenge-to-virtually-map-moons-surface/</link>
935. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Stefanie Payne]]></dc:creator>
936. <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 21:37:28 +0000</pubDate>
937. <category><![CDATA[Space Technology Mission Directorate]]></category>
938. <category><![CDATA[Game Changing Development Program]]></category>
939. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
940. <category><![CDATA[Get Involved]]></category>
941. <category><![CDATA[In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)]]></category>
942. <category><![CDATA[Kennedy Space Center]]></category>
943. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
944. <category><![CDATA[Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium]]></category>
945. <category><![CDATA[Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative]]></category>
946. <category><![CDATA[Prizes, Challenges, & Crowdsourcing News]]></category>
947. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=861581</guid>
948.  
949. <description><![CDATA[NASA named Stanford University of California winner of the Lunar Autonomy Challenge, a six-month competition for U.S. college and university student teams to virtually map and explore using a digital twin of&#160;NASA&#8217;s In-Situ Resource Utilization Pilot Excavator (IPEx).&#160; The winning team successfully demonstrated the design and functionality of their autonomous agent, or software that performs [&#8230;]]]></description>
950. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
951. <p>NASA named Stanford University of California winner of the <a href="https://lunar-autonomy-challenge.jhuapl.edu/" data-type="link" data-id="https://lunar-autonomy-challenge.jhuapl.edu/" rel="noopener">Lunar Autonomy Challenge</a>, a six-month competition  for U.S. college and university student teams to virtually map and explore using a digital twin of&nbsp;NASA&#8217;s In-Situ Resource Utilization Pilot Excavator (IPEx).&nbsp;</p>
952.  
953.  
954.  
955. <p>The winning team successfully demonstrated the design and functionality of their autonomous agent, or software that performs specified actions without human intervention. Their agent autonomously navigated the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/isru-pilot-excavator/">IPEx</a> digital twin in the virtual lunar environment, while accurately mapping the surface, correctly identifying obstacles, and effectively managing available power.</p>
956.  
957.  
958. <div id="" class="hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel"> <div class="hds-carousel-wrapper">
959. <div class="image-carousel-slider margin-0" id="image-carousel-slider">
960. <div class="display-block width-full">
961. <figure class="margin-0">
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963. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="575" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?w=1024" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png 1048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=300,168 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=768,431 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=1024,575 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=400,224 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-01.png?resize=900,505 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Lunar simulation developed by the winning team of the Lunar Autonomy Challenge&#8217;s first place team from Stanford University.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: Stanford University&#8217;s NAV Lab team </div></figcaption></div> </div>
964. </figure>
965. </div>
966. <div class="display-block width-full">
967. <figure class="margin-0">
968. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2">
969. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="575" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" style="transform: scale(1.02); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg 1048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=300,168 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=768,431 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=1024,575 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=400,224 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-lac-02.jpg?resize=900,505 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Lunar simulation developed by the winning team of the Lunar Autonomy Challenge&#8217;s first place team from Stanford University.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: Stanford University&#8217;s NAV Lab team </div></figcaption></div> </div>
970. </figure>
971. </div>
972. <div class="display-block width-full">
973. <figure class="margin-0">
974. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2">
975. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="575" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="Photo of NAV Lab Lunar Autonomy Challenge from Stanford University" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg 1048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=300,168 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=768,431 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=1024,575 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=400,224 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-team-photo.jpg?resize=900,505 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"> Team photo of NAV Lab Lunar Autonomy Challenge from Stanford University</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: Stanford University&#8217;s NAV Lab team </div></figcaption></div> </div>
976. </figure>
977. </div>
978. </div>
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986. </div>
987. </div>
988. </div>
989.  
990. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
991. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
992. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
993. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
994. </div>
995. <div class="blockquote-content">
996. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
997. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">The Lunar Autonomy Challenge has been a truly unique experience. The challenge provided the opportunity to develop and test methods in a highly realistic simulation environment.&quot; </span></h2>
998. </div>
999. <div class="display-flex">
1000. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Adam dai" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/gsfc-20171208-archive-e001982orig.jpg?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
1001. <div class="grid-col-11">
1002. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Adam dai</p>
1003. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">Lunar Autonomy Challenge team lead, Stanford University </p>
1004. </div>
1005. </div>
1006. </div>
1007. </div>
1008. </div></div>
1009.  
1010.  
1011. <p></p>
1012.  
1013.  
1014.  
1015. <p>Dai added, &#8220;It pushed us to find solutions robust to the harsh conditions of the lunar surface. I learned so much through the challenge, both about new ideas and methods, as well as through deepening my understanding of core methods across the autonomy stack (perception, localization, mapping, planning).&nbsp;I also very much enjoyed working together with my team to brainstorm different approaches and strategies and solve tangible problems observed in the simulation.&#8221;&nbsp;</p>
1016.  
1017.  
1018.  
1019. <p>The <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/isru-pilot-excavator/">challenge</a> offered 31 teams a valuable opportunity to gain experience in software development, autonomy, and machine learning using cutting-edge NASA lunar technology. Participants also applied essential skills common to nearly every engineering discipline, including technical writing, collaborative teamwork, and project management.</p>
1020.  
1021.  
1022.  
1023. <p>The Lunar Autonomy Challenge supports <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/lunar-surface-innovation-initiative/">NASA’s Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative (LSII)</a>, which is part of the Space Technology Mission Directorate. The LSII aims to accelerate technology development and pursue results that will provide essential infrastructure for lunar exploration by collaborating with industry, academia, and other government agencies.</p>
1024.  
1025.  
1026. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
1027. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
1028. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
1029. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
1030. </div>
1031. <div class="blockquote-content">
1032. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
1033. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">The work displayed by all of these teams has been impressive, and the solutions they have developed are beneficial to advancing lunar and Mars surface technologies as we prepare for increasingly complex missions farther from home.” </span></h2>
1034. </div>
1035. <div class="display-flex">
1036. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Niki Werkheiser" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/1-niki-werkheiser.png?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
1037. <div class="grid-col-11">
1038. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Niki Werkheiser</p>
1039. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">Director of Technology Maturation and LSII lead, NASA Headquarters  </p>
1040. </div>
1041. </div>
1042. </div>
1043. </div>
1044. </div></div>
1045.  
1046.  
1047. <p>&#8220;To succeed, we need input from everyone&nbsp;—&nbsp;every idea counts to propel our goals forward. It is very rewarding to see these students and software developers contributing their skills to future lunar and Mars missions,” Werkheiser added. &nbsp;</p>
1048.  
1049.  
1050.  
1051. <p>Through the Lunar Autonomy Challenge, NASA collaborated with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Caterpillar Inc., and Embodied AI. Each team contributed unique expertise and tools necessary to make the challenge a success.</p>
1052.  
1053.  
1054.  
1055. <p>The Applied Physics Laboratory managed the challenge for NASA. As a systems integrator for LSII, they provided expertise to streamline rigor and engineering discipline across efforts, ensuring the development of successful, efficient, and cost-effective missions — backed by the world’s largest cohort of lunar scientists.&nbsp;</p>
1056.  
1057.  
1058.  
1059. <p>Caterpillar Inc. is known for its construction and excavation equipment and operates a large fleet of autonomous haul trucks. They also have worked with NASA for more than 20 years on a variety of technologies, including autonomy, 3D printing, robotics, and simulators as they continue to collaborate with NASA on technologies that support NASA’s mission objectives and provide value to the mining and construction industries.&nbsp;</p>
1060.  
1061.  
1062.  
1063. <p>Embodied AI collaborated with Caterpillar to integrate the simulation into the open-source &nbsp;driving environment used for the challenge. For the Lunar Autonomy Challenge, the normally available digital assets of the CARLA simulation platform, such as urban layouts, buildings, and vehicles, were replaced by an IPEx “Digital Twin” and lunar environmental models.</p>
1064.  
1065.  
1066.  
1067. <p>“This collaboration is a great example of how the government, large companies, small businesses, and research institutions can thoughtfully leverage each other’s different, but complementary, strengths,&#8221; Werkheiser added. &#8220;By substantially modernizing existing tools, we can turn today’s novel technologies into tomorrow’s institutional capabilities for more efficient and effective space exploration, while also stimulating innovation and economic growth on Earth.&#8221;</p>
1068.  
1069.  
1070.  
1071. <p></p>
1072.  
1073.  
1074.  
1075. <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>FINALIST TEAMS</strong></p>
1076.  
1077.  
1078.  
1079. <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>First Place</strong><br>NAV Lab team<br>Stanford University, Stanford, California</p>
1080.  
1081.  
1082.  
1083. <p class="has-text-align-center"></p>
1084.  
1085.  
1086.  
1087. <p class="has-text-align-center"></p>
1088.  
1089.  
1090.  
1091. <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>Second Place</strong><br>MAPLE (MIT Autonomous Pathfinding for Lunar Exploration) team<br>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</p>
1092.  
1093.  
1094.  
1095. <p class="has-text-align-center"></p>
1096.  
1097.  
1098.  
1099. <p class="has-text-align-center"></p>
1100.  
1101.  
1102.  
1103. <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>Third Place</strong><br>Moonlight team<br>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA</p>
1104.  
1105.  
1106.  
1107. <div style="height:64px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1108.  
1109.  
1110.  
1111. <p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>OTHER COMPETING TEAMS</strong></p>
1112.  
1113.  
1114.  
1115. <figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td>Lunar Explorers</td><td>Arizona State University</td><td>Tempe, Arizona</td></tr><tr><td>AIWVU </td><td>West Virginia University </td><td>Morgantown, West Virginia</td></tr><tr><td>Stellar Sparks </td><td>California Polytechnic Institute Pomona </td><td>Pomona, California </td></tr><tr><td>LunatiX </td><td>Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering</td><td>Baltimore </td></tr><tr><td>CARLA CSU </td><td>California State University, Stanislaus </td><td>Turlock, California</td></tr><tr><td>Rose-Hulman</td><td> Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology </td><td>Terre Haute, Indiana</td></tr><tr><td>Lunar Pathfinders</td><td>American Public University System</td><td>Charles Town, West Virginia</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
1116.  
1117.  
1118. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><video class="hds-video-background" alt="" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" autoplay="true" loop="true" muted="true" playsinline="true"><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/lacwmusic-sm.mp4" type="video/mp4" /></video></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Lunar Autonomy Challenge digital simulation of lunar surface activity using a digital twin of NASA&#8217;s ISRU Pilot Excavator</div><div class="hds-credits">Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1119.  
1120. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1121. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1122. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1123. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1124. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
1125. </div>
1126. </div>
1127. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1128. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1129. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1130. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1131. <div>
1132. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1133. <span>Space Technology Mission Directorate</span>
1134. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1135. </p>
1136. </div>
1137. </div>
1138. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="525" height="800" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stmd.jpg?w=525" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stmd.jpg 525w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stmd.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stmd.jpg?resize=263,400 263w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stmd.jpg?resize=394,600 394w" sizes="(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px" /></figure> </div>
1139. </a>
1140. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/lunar-surface-innovation-initiative/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1141. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1142. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1143. <div>
1144. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1145. <span>NASA&#8217;s Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative</span>
1146. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1147. </p>
1148. </div>
1149. </div>
1150. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/surface-power.png?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1151. </a>
1152. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/game-changing-development-projects/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1153. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1154. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1155. <div>
1156. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1157. <span>Game Changing Development Projects</span>
1158. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1159. </h3>
1160. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Game Changing Development projects aim to advance space technologies, focusing on advancing capabilities for going to and living in space.</p>
1161. </div>
1162. </div>
1163. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg 8256w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/cadre.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1164. </a>
1165. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/isru-pilot-excavator/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1166. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1167. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1168. <div>
1169. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1170. <span>ISRU Pilot Excavator</span>
1171. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1172. </p>
1173. </div>
1174. </div>
1175. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg 6720w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/isru-pilot-excavator.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1176. </a>
1177. </div>
1178. </div>
1179. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1183. <media:content url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/lacwmusic-sm.mp4" medium="video" width="640" height="360">
1184. <media:player url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/lacwmusic-sm.mp4" />
1185. <media:title type="plain">Top Prize Awarded in Lunar Autonomy Challenge</media:title>
1186. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[NASA named Stanford University of California winner of the Lunar Autonomy Challenge, a six-month competition...]]></media:description>
1187. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/navlab-simulations.jpg" />
1188. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
1189. </media:content>
1190. </item>
1191. <item>
1192. <title>NASA Welcomes Norway as 55th Nation to Sign Artemis Accords</title>
1193. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-welcomes-norway-as-55th-nation-to-sign-artemis-accords/</link>
1195. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jessica Taveau]]></dc:creator>
1196. <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 20:01:50 +0000</pubDate>
1197. <category><![CDATA[Artemis Accords]]></category>
1198. <category><![CDATA[Office of International and Interagency Relations (OIIR)]]></category>
1199. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=863853</guid>
1200.  
1201. <description><![CDATA[Following an international signing ceremony Thursday, NASA congratulated Norway on becoming the latest country to join the Artemis Accords, committing to the peaceful, transparent, and responsible exploration of space. “We’re grateful for the strong and meaningful collaboration we’ve already had with the Norwegian Space Agency,” said acting NASA Administrator Janet Petro. “Now, by signing the [&#8230;]]]></description>
1202. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1152" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg 4000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/artemis-accords-norway-55-051525.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1203.  
1204.  
1205. <p>Following an international signing ceremony Thursday, NASA congratulated Norway on becoming the latest country to join the Artemis Accords, committing to the peaceful, transparent, and responsible exploration of space.</p>
1206.  
1207.  
1208.  
1209. <p>“We’re grateful for the strong and meaningful collaboration we’ve already had with the Norwegian Space Agency,” said acting NASA Administrator Janet Petro. “Now, by signing the Artemis Accords, Norway is not only supporting the future of exploration, but also helping us define it with all our partners for the Moon, Mars, and beyond.”</p>
1210.  
1211.  
1212.  
1213. <p>Norway’s Minster of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth signed the Artemis Accords on behalf of the country during an event at the Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA) in Oslo. Christian Hauglie-Hanssen, director general of NOSA, and Robert Needham, U.S. Embassy Chargé d&#8217;Affaires for Norway, participated in the event. Petro contributed remarks in a pre-recorded video message.</p>
1214.  
1215.  
1216.  
1217. <p>“We are pleased to be a part of the Artemis Accords,” said Myrseth. “This is an important step for enabling Norway to contribute to broader international cooperation to ensure the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.”</p>
1218.  
1219.  
1220.  
1221. <p>In 2020, the United States, led by NASA and the U.S. Department of State,&nbsp;and seven other initial signatory nations established the Artemis Accords, the first set of practical guidelines for nations to increase safety of operations and reduce risk and uncertainty in their civil exploration activities.</p>
1222.  
1223.  
1224.  
1225. <p>The Artemis Accords are grounded in the Outer Space Treaty and other agreements including the Registration Convention and the Rescue and Return Agreement, as well as best practices for responsible behavior that NASA and its partners have supported, including the public release of scientific data.&nbsp;</p>
1226.  
1227.  
1228.  
1229. <p>Learn more about the Artemis Accords at:</p>
1230.  
1231.  
1232.  
1233. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-accords"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-accords</strong></a></p>
1234.  
1235.  
1236.  
1237. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
1238.  
1239.  
1240.  
1241. <p>Amber Jacobson / Elizabeth Shaw<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:amber.c.jacobson@nasa.gov">amber.c.jacobson@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:elizabeth.a.shaw@nasa.gov">elizabeth.a.shaw@nasa.gov</a></p>
1242.  
1243.  
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1281. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1282. </div>
1283. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1284. <div class="grid-col-4">
1285. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1286. </div>
1287. <div class="grid-col-8">May 15, 2025</div>
1288. </div>
1289. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jessica Taveau</div></div><div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Headquarters</span></a></div></div> </div>
1290. </div>
1291. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-accords/">Artemis Accords</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/organizations/oiir/">Office of International and Interagency Relations (OIIR)</a></li></ul></div></div>
1292. </div>
1293. </section>
1294. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1298. </item>
1299. <item>
1300. <title>NASA Satellite Images Could Provide Early Volcano Warnings </title>
1301. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/earth/natural-disasters/volcanoes/nasa-satellites-provide-early-volcano-warnings/</link>
1303. <dc:creator><![CDATA[James R. Riordon]]></dc:creator>
1304. <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 19:35:32 +0000</pubDate>
1305. <category><![CDATA[Volcanoes]]></category>
1306. <category><![CDATA[Earth]]></category>
1307. <category><![CDATA[Natural Disasters]]></category>
1308. <category><![CDATA[Tsunamis]]></category>
1309. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=862392</guid>
1310.  
1311. <description><![CDATA[Scientists know that changing tree leaves can indicate when a nearby volcano is becoming more active and might erupt. In a new collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Institution, scientists now believe they can detect these changes from space. As volcanic magma ascends through the Earth’s crust, it releases carbon dioxide and other gases which [&#8230;]]]></description>
1312. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
1313. <p><a id="_msocom_1"></a></p>
1314.  
1315.  
1316.  
1317. <p></p>
1318.  
1319.  
1320. <div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
1321.  
1322. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1907" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg 2303w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=300,279 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=768,715 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=1024,953 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=1536,1430 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=2048,1907 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=400,372 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=600,559 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=900,838 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=1200,1117 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/printstill-calbucoeruption.jpg?resize=2000,1862 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Chaitén Volcano in southern Chile erupted on May 2, 2008 for the first time inn 9,000 years. NASA satellites that monitor changes in vegetation near volcanoes could aid in earlier eruption warnings.</div><div class="hds-credits">Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1323.  
1324.  
1325. <p>Scientists know that changing tree leaves can indicate when a nearby volcano is becoming more active and might erupt. In a new collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Institution, scientists now believe they can detect these changes from space.</p>
1326.  
1327.  
1328.  
1329. <p>As volcanic magma ascends through the Earth’s crust, it releases carbon dioxide and other gases which rise to the surface. Trees that take up the carbon dioxide become greener and more lush. These changes are visible in images from NASA satellites such as Landsat 8, along with airborne instruments flown as part of the Airborne Validation Unified Experiment: Land to Ocean (AVUELO).</p>
1330.  
1331.  
1332.  
1333. <p>Ten percent of the world’s population lives in areas <a href="https://appliedvolc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4" rel="noopener">susceptible to volcanic hazards</a>. People who live or work within a few miles of an eruption face dangers that include ejected rock, dust, and surges of hot, toxic gases. Further away, people and property are susceptible to mudslides, ashfalls, and tsunamis that can follow volcanic blasts. There’s no way to prevent volcanic eruptions, which makes the early signs of volcanic activity crucial for public safety. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, NASA&#8217;s Landsat mission partner, the United States is one of the world&#8217;s most <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-story/which-us-volcanoes-pose-threat" rel="noopener">volcanically active countries</a>.</p>
1334.  
1335.  
1336. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1800" height="1200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?w=1800" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Steam rises from a bubbling pool of water surrounded by rocks." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg 1800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-002-web.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Carbon dioxide released by rising magma bubbles up and heats a pool of water in Costa Rica near the Rincón de LaVieja volcano. Increases in volcanic gases could be a sign that a volcano is becoming more active.</div><div class="hds-credits">Alessandra Baltodano/Chapman University</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1337.  
1338.  
1339. <p>When magma rises underground before an eruption, it releases gases, including carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The sulfur compounds are readily detectable from orbit. But the volcanic carbon dioxide emissions that precede sulfur dioxide emissions – and provide one of the earliest indications that a volcano is no longer dormant – are difficult to distinguish from space.&nbsp;</p>
1340.  
1341.  
1342.  
1343. <p>The remote detection of carbon dioxide greening of vegetation potentially gives scientists another tool — along with seismic waves and changes in ground height—to get a clear idea of what’s going on underneath the volcano. “Volcano early warning systems exist,” said volcanologist Florian Schwandner, chief of the Earth Science Division at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California&#8217;s Silicon Valley, who had teamed up with climate scientist Josh Fisher of Chapman University in Orange, California and and volcanologist Robert Bogue of McGill University in Montreal a decade ago. “The aim here is to make them better and make them earlier.”</p>
1344.  
1345.  
1346.  
1347. <p>“Volcanoes emit a lot of carbon dioxide,” said Bogue, but there’s so much existing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that it’s often hard to measure the volcanic carbon dioxide specifically. While <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aam5782" rel="noopener">major eruptions can expel enough carbon dioxide to be measurable from space</a> with sensors like NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2, detecting these much fainter advanced warning signals has remained elusive.  “A volcano emitting the modest amounts of carbon dioxide that might presage an eruption isn&#8217;t going to show up in satellite imagery,” he added.</p>
1348.  
1349.  
1350. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1800" height="1200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?w=1800" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A person wearing a helmet squats in a forest next to a yellow pole with rubber straps extended as they prepare to release a projectile." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg 1800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-079-web.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Gregory Goldsmith from Chapman University launches a slingshot into the forest canopy to install a carbon dioxide sensor in the canopy of a Costa Rican rainforest near the Rincón de LaVieja volcano.</div><div class="hds-credits">Alessandra Baltodano/Chapman University</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1351.  
1352.  
1353. <p>Because of this, scientists must trek to volcanoes to measure carbon dioxide directly. However, many of the <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-many-active-volcanoes-are-there-earth" rel="noopener">roughly 1,350 potentially active volcanoes worldwide</a> are in remote locations or challenging mountainous terrain. That makes monitoring carbon dioxide at these sites labor-intensive, expensive, and sometimes dangerous.&nbsp;</p>
1354.  
1355.  
1356.  
1357. <p>Volcanologists like Bogue have joined forces with botanists and climate scientists to look at trees to monitor volcanic activity. &#8220;The whole idea is to find something that we could measure instead of carbon dioxide directly,” Bogue said, “to give us a proxy to detect changes in volcano emissions.”</p>
1358.  
1359.  
1360.  
1361. <p>“There are plenty of satellites we can use to do this kind of analysis,” said volcanologist Nicole Guinn of the University of Houston. She has compared images collected with Landsat 8, <a href="https://terra.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Terra satellite</a>, ESA’s (European Space Agency) Sentinel-2,&nbsp;and other Earth-observing satellites to monitor trees around the Mount Etna volcano on the coast of Sicily. Guinn’s study is the first to show a strong correlation between tree leaf color and magma-generated carbon dioxide.</p>
1362.  
1363.  
1364.  
1365. <p>Confirming accuracy on the ground that validates the satellite imagery is a challenge that Fisher  is tackling with surveys of trees around volcanoes. During the March 2025 <a href="https://striresearch.si.edu/quantitative-forest-ecology/avuelo/" rel="noopener">Airborne Validation Unified Experiment: Land to Ocean</a> mission with NASA and the Smithsonian Institution scientists deployed a spectrometer on a research plane to analyze the colors of plant life in Panama and Costa Rica.</p>
1366.  
1367.  
1368. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1800" height="1200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?w=1800" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A person wearing a blue jacket peers at instruments while illuminating a leaf with pink light." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg 1800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-056-web.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Alexandria Pivovaroff of Occidental College measures photosynthesis in leaves extracted from trees exposed to elevated levels of carbon dioxide near a volcano in Costa Rica.</div><div class="hds-credits">Alessandra Baltodano/Chapman University</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1369.  
1370.  
1371. <p>Fisher directed a group of investigators who collected leaf samples from trees near the active Rincon de la Vieja volcano in Costa Rica while also measuring carbon dioxide levels.&nbsp;“Our research is a two-way interdisciplinary intersection between ecology and volcanology,” Fisher said. “We’re interested not only in tree responses to volcanic carbon dioxide as an early warning of eruption, but also in how much the trees are able to take up, as a window into the future of the Earth when all of Earth’s trees are exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide.”</p>
1372.  
1373.  
1374.  
1375. <p>Relying on trees as proxies for volcanic carbon dioxide has its limitations. Many volcanoes feature climates that don’t support enough trees for satellites to image. In some forested environments, trees that respond differently to changing carbon dioxide levels. And fires, changing weather conditions, and plant diseases can complicate the interpretation of satellite data on volcanic gases.</p>
1376.  
1377.  
1378. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1800" height="1200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?w=1800" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A person squats in a forest and adjusts a machine in a box while surrounded by instrumentation." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg 1800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-chapman-university-038-web.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Chapman University visiting professor Gaku Yokoyama checks on the leaf-measuring instrumentation at a field site near the Rincón de LaVieja volcano.</div><div class="hds-credits">Alessandra Baltodano/Chapman University</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1379.  
1380.  
1381. <p>Still, Schwandner has witnessed the potential benefits of volcanic carbon dioxide observations first-hand. He led a team that upgraded the monitoring network at Mayon volcano in the Philippines to include carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide sensors. In December 2017, government researchers in the Philippines used this system to detect signs of an impending eruption and advocated for mass evacuations of the area around the volcano. Over 56,000 people were safely evacuated before a massive eruption began on January 23, 2018. As a result of the early warnings, there were no casualties.</p>
1382.  
1383.  
1384.  
1385. <p>Using satellites to monitor trees around volcanoes would give scientists earlier insights into more volcanoes and offer earlier warnings of future eruptions. “There&#8217;s not one signal from volcanoes that&#8217;s a silver bullet,” Schwandner said. “And tracking the effects of volcanic carbon dioxide on trees will not be a silver bullet. But it will be something that could change the game.”</p>
1386.  
1387.  
1388.  
1389. <p><em><strong>By&nbsp;<a href="mailto:james.r.riordon@nasa.gov">James Riordon</a></strong></em><br><em><strong><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth">NASA’s Earth Science News Team</a></strong></em><br><br><strong><em>Media contact:&nbsp;<a href="mailto:elizabeth.a.vlock@nasa.gov">Elizabeth Vlock</a><br>NASA Headquarters</em></strong></p>
1390.  
1391.  
1392. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4f33681645af4895370c2e1e7a0592f5?s=300&#038;d=blank&#038;r=g" alt="James R. Riordon"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">James R. Riordon</h2></div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0"></p></div></div></div>
1393.  
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1416. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg>
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1420. <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Subscribe to RSS feed.">
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1422. </a>
1423. </li>
1424. </ul>
1425. </div>
1426. </div>
1427. </div>
1428. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1429. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1430. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1431. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1432. </div>
1433. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1434. <div class="grid-col-4">
1435. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1436. </div>
1437. <div class="grid-col-8">May 16, 2025</div>
1438. </div>
1439. <div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">Ames Research Center</span></a></div></div> </div>
1440. </div>
1441. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/natural-disasters/volcanoes/">Volcanoes</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" rel="noopener">Earth</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/natural-disasters/">Natural Disasters</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/earth/natural-disasters/tsunamis/">Tsunamis</a></li></ul></div></div>
1442. </div>
1443. </section>
1444. </div>
1445.  
1446. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
1447. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
1448. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
1449. </div>
1450. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
1451. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1452. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/two-small-nasa-satellites-will-measure-soil-moisture-volcanic-gases/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener">
1453. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1454. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1455. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/snoopi-cubsat-image3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1456. </div>
1457. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1458. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1459. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Two Small NASA Satellites Will Measure Soil Moisture, Volcanic Gases</h3></div>
1460. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">Two NASA pathfinding missions were recently deployed into low-Earth orbit, where they are demonstrating novel&hellip;</p>
1461. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1462. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1463. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1464. <span>Article</span>
1465. </span>
1466. <span class="">
1467. 1 year ago </span>
1468. </div>
1469. </div>
1470. </a>
1471. </div>
1472. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1473. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/natural-disasters/nasa-announces-new-system-to-aid-disaster-response/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener">
1474. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1475. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1476. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/prturkiyeeq-020624a.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1477. </div>
1478. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1479. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1480. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Announces New System to Aid Disaster Response</h3></div>
1481. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">In early May, widespread flooding and landslides occurred in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande&hellip;</p>
1482. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1483. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1484. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1485. <span>Article</span>
1486. </span>
1487. <span class="">
1488. 11 months ago </span>
1489. </div>
1490. </div>
1491. </a>
1492. </div>
1493. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1494. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/into-the-field-with-nasa-valley-of-ten-thousand-smokes/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener">
1495. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1496. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1497. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/vtts1-hikeoutlandscape.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1498. </div>
1499. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1500. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1501. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Into The Field With NASA: Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes</h3></div>
1502. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">To better understand Mars, NASA’s Goddard Instrument Field Team hiked deep into the backcountry of&hellip;</p>
1503. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1504. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1505. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1506. <span>Article</span>
1507. </span>
1508. <span class="">
1509. 9 months ago </span>
1510. </div>
1511. </div>
1512. </a>
1513. </div>
1514. </div>
1515. </section>
1516. </div>
1517.  
1518. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1519. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1520. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1521. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1522. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
1523. </div>
1524. </div>
1525. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1526. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1527. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1528. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1529. <div>
1530. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1531. <span>Missions</span>
1532. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1533. </p>
1534. </div>
1535. </div>
1536. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1537. </a>
1538. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1539. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1540. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1541. <div>
1542. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1543. <span>Humans in Space</span>
1544. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1545. </p>
1546. </div>
1547. </div>
1548. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1549. </a>
1550. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1551. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1552. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1553. <div>
1554. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1555. <span>Climate Change</span>
1556. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1557. </p>
1558. </div>
1559. </div>
1560. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1561. </a>
1562. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1563. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1564. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1565. <div>
1566. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1567. <span>Solar System</span>
1568. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1569. </p>
1570. </div>
1571. </div>
1572. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1573. </a>
1574. </div>
1575. </div>
1576. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1580. </item>
1581. <item>
1582. <title>Let’s Bake a Cosmic Cake!</title>
1583. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/lets-bake-a-cosmic-cake/</link>
1585. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
1586. <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 18:43:51 +0000</pubDate>
1587. <category><![CDATA[For Kids and Students]]></category>
1588. <category><![CDATA[Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope]]></category>
1589. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/lets-bake-a-cosmic-cake/</guid>
1590.  
1591. <description><![CDATA[To celebrate what would have been the 100th birthday of Dr. Nancy Grace Roman — NASA’s first chief astronomer and the namesake for the agency’s nearly complete Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope — we’re baking a birthday cake! This isn’t your ordinary birthday treat — this cosmic cake represents the contents of our universe and everything […]]]></description>
1592. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">6 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Let’s Bake a Cosmic Cake!</h1></div></div></div>
1593.  
1594.  
1595. <p>To celebrate what would have been the 100th birthday of <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/people/nancy-roman/" rel="noopener">Dr. Nancy Grace Roman</a> — NASA’s first chief astronomer and the namesake for the agency’s nearly complete <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/" rel="noopener">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> — we’re baking a birthday cake! This isn’t your ordinary birthday treat — this cosmic cake represents the contents of our universe and everything the Roman telescope will uncover.</p>
1596.  
1597.  
1598. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/rst/education/romancake_smaller%201.png?w=3840&#038;h=2160&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="3840" height="2160" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/rst/education/romancake_smaller%201.png?w=3840&#038;h=2160&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A black cake with an excess of black piping covered shimmering gold dust on a white plate in front of a starry background covered in purple haze." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Cosmic Cake</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1599.  
1600.  
1601. <p>The outside of our cosmic cake depicts the sky as we see it from Earth—inky black and dotted with sparkling stars. The inside represents the universe as Roman will see it. This three-layer cake charts the mysterious contents of our universe — mostly dark energy, then dark matter, and finally just five percent normal matter. As you cut into our universe cake, out spills a candy explosion symbolizing the wealth of cosmic objects Roman will see.</p>
1602.  
1603.  
1604.  
1605. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Roman Cosmic Cake Instructions</strong></h4>
1606.  
1607.  
1608.  
1609. <p>Ingredients:</p>
1610.  
1611.  
1612.  
1613. <ul class="wp-block-list">
1614. <li>Two boxes of vanilla cake mix and required ingredients</li>
1615.  
1616.  
1617.  
1618. <li>Food coloring in three colors</li>
1619.  
1620.  
1621.  
1622. <li>Black frosting</li>
1623.  
1624.  
1625.  
1626. <li>Edible glitter</li>
1627. </ul>
1628.  
1629.  
1630.  
1631. <ul class="wp-block-list">
1632. <li>Yellow sprinkles </li>
1633.  
1634.  
1635.  
1636. <li>Nonpareil sprinkle mix </li>
1637.  
1638.  
1639.  
1640. <li>Chocolate nonpareil candies </li>
1641.  
1642.  
1643.  
1644. <li>Popping candy </li>
1645.  
1646.  
1647.  
1648. <li>Miniature creme sandwich cookies </li>
1649.  
1650.  
1651.  
1652. <li>Granulated sugar </li>
1653.  
1654.  
1655.  
1656. <li>Sour candies </li>
1657.  
1658.  
1659.  
1660. <li>Dark chocolate chips </li>
1661.  
1662.  
1663.  
1664. <li>Jawbreakers </li>
1665. </ul>
1666.  
1667.  
1668.  
1669. <p>To make our cosmic cake, we first need to account for the universe’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/overview/building-blocks/" rel="noopener">building blocks</a> — normal matter, dark matter, and dark energy. Comprising about five percent of the universe, normal matter is the stuff we see around us every day, from apples to stars in the sky. Outnumbering normal matter by five times, <a href="https://www.tumblr.com/nasa/180859237809/dark-matter-101-looking-for-the-missing-mass" rel="noopener">dark matter</a> is an invisible mass that makes up about 25 percent of the universe. Finally, <a href="https://nasa.tumblr.com/post/187688377474/how-do-you-solve-a-problem-like-dark-energy" rel="noopener">dark energy</a> — a mysterious <em>something</em> accelerating our universe’s expansion — makes up about 68 percent of the cosmos.</p>
1670.  
1671.  
1672.  
1673. <p>No one knows what dark matter and dark energy truly are, but we know they exist due to their effects on the universe. Roman will provide clues to these puzzles by 3D mapping matter alongside the expansion of the universe through time. </p>
1674.  
1675.  
1676.  
1677. <p>To depict the universe’s building blocks in our cosmic cake, mix the cake batter according to your chosen recipe. Pour one-fourth of the batter into one bowl for the dark matter layer, a little less than three-fourths into another bowl for dark energy, and the remainder into a separate bowl for normal matter. This will give you the quantities of batter for dark energy and dark matter, respectively. Use the remainder to represent normal matter. Color each bowl of batter differently using food coloring, then pour them into three separate cake pans and bake. The different sized layers will have different baking times, so watch them carefully to ensure proper cooking.</p>
1678.  
1679.  
1680.  
1681. <p>While our cake bakes, we’ll create the cosmic candy mix — the core of our cake that represents the universe’s objects that Roman will uncover.</p>
1682.  
1683.  
1684.  
1685. <p>First, pour yellow sprinkles into a bowl to symbolize the billions of stars Roman will see, including once-hidden stars on the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/nasas-roman-team-selects-survey-to-map-our-galaxys-far-side/" rel="noopener">far side</a> of the Milky Way thanks to its <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/new-eyewear-to-deepen-the-view-of-nasas-roman-space-telescope/" rel="noopener">ability</a> to see starlight through gas and dust. </p>
1686.  
1687.  
1688.  
1689. <p>Roman’s data will also allow scientists to map gas and dust for the most complete picture yet of the Milky Way’s structure and how it births new stars. Add some granulated sugar to the candy mix as gas and dust.</p>
1690.  
1691.  
1692.  
1693. <p>Next, add nonpareil sprinkles and chocolate nonpareil candies to symbolize galaxies and galaxy clusters. Roman will <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/high-latitude-wide-area-survey/" rel="noopener">capture</a> hundreds of millions of galaxies, precisely measuring their positions, shapes, sizes, and distances. By studying the properties of so many galaxies, scientists will be able to chart dark matter and dark energy’s effects more accurately than ever before.</p>
1694.  
1695.  
1696.  
1697. <p>Now, add popping candies as explosive star deaths. Roman will witness tens of thousands of a special kind called <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/type-ia-supernovae/" rel="noopener">type Ia supernovae.</a> By studying how fast type Ia supernovae recede from us at different distances, scientists will trace cosmic expansion to better understand whether and how dark energy has changed throughout time.</p>
1698.  
1699.  
1700.  
1701. <p>Supernovae aren’t the only stellar remnants that Roman will see. To represent <a href="https://nasa.tumblr.com/post/160807881964/neutron-stars-are-weird" rel="noopener">neutron stars</a> and <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" rel="noopener">black holes</a>, add in jawbreakers and dark chocolate chips. Neutron stars are the remnants of massive stars that collapsed to the size of a city, making them the densest things we can directly observe. </p>
1702.  
1703.  
1704.  
1705. <p>The densest things we <em>can’t </em>directly observe are black holes. Most black holes are formed when massive stars collapse even further to a theoretical singular point of infinite density. Sometimes, black holes form when neutron stars merge—<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/how-nasas-roman-telescope-will-scan-for-showstopping-explosions/" rel="noopener">an epic event</a> that Roman will witness. </p>
1706.  
1707.  
1708.  
1709. <p>Roman is also equipped to spot <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/how-nasas-roman-space-telescope-will-uncover-lonesome-black-holes/" rel="noopener">star-sized black holes</a> in the Milky Way and supermassive black holes in other galaxies. Some supermassive black holes lie at the center of <a href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/active_galaxies1.html" rel="noopener">active galaxies</a>—the hearts of which emit excessive energy compared to the rest of the galaxy. For these active cores, also spotted by Roman, add sour candies to the mix.</p>
1710.  
1711.  
1712.  
1713. <p>Finally, add both whole and crushed miniature creme sandwich cookies to represent distant planets and planets-to-be. Peering into the center of our galaxy, Roman will scan for warped space-time <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/microlensing/" rel="noopener">indicating</a> the presence of other worlds. The same set of observations could also <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/exoplanets/" rel="noopener">reveal </a>more than 100,000 more planets <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/transit-method/" rel="noopener">passing</a> in front of other stars. Additionally, the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/coronagraph/" rel="noopener">Coronagraph Instrument</a> will directly image both worlds and dusty disks around stars that can eventually form planets.</p>
1714.  
1715.  
1716.  
1717. <p>After baking, remove the cake layers from the oven to cool. Cut a hole in the center of the thicker dark matter and dark energy layers. Then, stack these two layers using frosting to secure them. Pour the cosmic candy mix into the cake’s core. Then, place the thin normal matter layer on top, securing it with frosting. Frost the whole cake in black and dust it with edible glitter.</p>
1718.  
1719.  
1720.  
1721. <p>Congratulations — your Roman Cosmic Cake is complete! As you look at the cake’s exterior, think of the night sky. As you slice the cake, imagine Roman’s deeper inspection to unveil billions of cosmic objects and clues about our universe’s mysterious building blocks.</p>
1722.  
1723.  
1724.  
1725. <p><strong><em>By Laine Havens<br>NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</em></strong></p>
1726.  
1727.  
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1771. <div class="grid-col-8">May 15, 2025</div>
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1776. </div>
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1782. </item>
1783. <item>
1784. <title>NASA Selects Student Teams for Drone Hurricane Response and Cybersecurity Research</title>
1785. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/tacp/ui/usrc/student-teams-selected-0525/</link>
1787. <dc:creator><![CDATA[John Gould]]></dc:creator>
1788. <pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 18:39:07 +0000</pubDate>
1789. <category><![CDATA[University Student Research Challenge]]></category>
1790. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics]]></category>
1791. <category><![CDATA[Flight Innovation]]></category>
1792. <category><![CDATA[Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program]]></category>
1793. <category><![CDATA[University Innovation]]></category>
1794. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=863745</guid>
1795.  
1796. <description><![CDATA[NASA has selected two more university student teams to help address real-world aviation challenges, through projects aimed at using drones for hurricane relief and improved protection of air traffic systems from cyber threats.&#160; The research awards were made through NASA’s University Student Research Challenge (USRC), which provides student-led teams with opportunities to contribute their novel [&#8230;]]]></description>
1797. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">3 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
1798.  
1799. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="985" height="660" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?w=985" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="USRC graphic showing a book and graduation cap representing student teams.." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png 985w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?resize=300,201 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?resize=768,515 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?resize=400,268 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?resize=600,402 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/usrc-graphic-sep2023.png?resize=900,603 900w" sizes="(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Getty Images</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1800.  
1801.  
1802. <p>NASA has selected two more university student teams to help address real-world aviation challenges, through projects aimed at using drones for hurricane relief and improved protection of air traffic systems from cyber threats.&nbsp;</p>
1803.  
1804.  
1805.  
1806. <p>The research awards were made through NASA’s University Student Research Challenge (USRC), which provides student-led teams with opportunities to contribute their novel ideas to advance NASA’s Aeronautics research priorities.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
1807.  
1808.  
1809.  
1810. <p>As part of USRC, students participate in real-world aspects of innovative aeronautics research both in and out of the laboratory.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
1811.  
1812.  
1813.  
1814. <p>“USRC continues to be a way for students to push the boundary on exploring the possibilities of tomorrow’s aviation industry.” said Steven Holz, who manages the USRC award process. “For some, this is their first opportunity to engage with NASA. For others, they may be taking their ideas from our Gateways to Blue Skies competition and bringing them closer to reality.”&nbsp;</p>
1815.  
1816.  
1817.  
1818. <p>In the case of one of the new awardees, North Carolina State University in Raleigh applied for their USRC award after refining a concept that made them a finalist in NASA’s 2024 <a href="https://blueskies.nianet.org/" data-type="post" data-id="722660" rel="noopener">Gateways to Blue Skies </a>competition.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
1819.  
1820.  
1821.  
1822. <p>Each team of students selected for a USRC award receives a NASA grant up to $80,000 and is tasked with raising additional funds through student-led crowdfunding. This process helps students develop skills in entrepreneurship and public communication.&nbsp;</p>
1823.  
1824.  
1825.  
1826. <p>The new university teams and research topics are:&nbsp;</p>
1827.  
1828.  
1829.  
1830. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>North Carolina State University in Raleigh</strong>&nbsp;</h3>
1831.  
1832.  
1833.  
1834. <p>“Reconnaissance and Emergency Aircraft for Critical Hurricane Relief” will develop and deploy advanced Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) designed to locate, communicate with, and deliver critical supplies to stranded individuals in the wake of natural disasters.&nbsp;</p>
1835.  
1836.  
1837.  
1838. <p>The team includes Tobias Hullette (team lead), Jose Vizcarrondo, Rishi Ghosh, Caleb Gobel, Lucas Nicol, Ajay Pandya, Paul Randolph, and Hadie Sabbah, with faculty mentor Felix Ewere.&nbsp;</p>
1839.  
1840.  
1841.  
1842. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Texas A&amp;M University, in College Station</strong>&nbsp;</h3>
1843.  
1844.  
1845.  
1846. <p>“Context-Aware Cybersecurity for UAS Traffic Management” will develop, test, and pursue the implementation of an aviation-context-aware network authentication system for the holistic management of cybersecurity threats to enable future drone traffic control systems.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
1847.  
1848.  
1849.  
1850. <p>The team includes Vishwam Raval (team lead), Nick Truong, Oscar Leon, Kevin Lei, Garett Haynes, Michael Ades, Sarah Lee, and Aidan Spira, with faculty mentor Sandip Roy.&nbsp;</p>
1851.  
1852.  
1853.  
1854. <p>Complete details on USRC awardees and solicitations, such as what to include in a proposal and how to submit it, are available on the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/armd-solicitations/" data-type="post" data-id="198369">NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate solicitation page</a>. </p>
1855.  
1856.  
1857. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cropped-john-gould-sept-2023-2-300x300.jpg" alt="John Gould"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">John Gould</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0">John Gould is a member of NASA Aeronautics&#039; Strategic Communications team at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. He is dedicated to public service and NASA’s leading role in scientific exploration. Prior to working for NASA Aeronautics, he was a spaceflight historian and writer, having a lifelong passion for space and aviation.</p></div></div></div>
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1873. <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="169.063px" height="169.063px" viewBox="0 0 169.063 169.063" style="enable-background:new 0 0 169.063 169.063;" xml:space="preserve" aria-labelledby="instagramIconTitle"><title id="instagramIconTitle">Instagram logo</title><g> <path d="M122.406,0H46.654C20.929,0,0,20.93,0,46.655v75.752c0,25.726,20.929,46.655,46.654,46.655h75.752 c25.727,0,46.656-20.93,46.656-46.655V46.655C169.063,20.93,148.133,0,122.406,0z M154.063,122.407 c0,17.455-14.201,31.655-31.656,31.655H46.654C29.2,154.063,15,139.862,15,122.407V46.655C15,29.201,29.2,15,46.654,15h75.752 c17.455,0,31.656,14.201,31.656,31.655V122.407z"/> <path d="M84.531,40.97c-24.021,0-43.563,19.542-43.563,43.563c0,24.02,19.542,43.561,43.563,43.561s43.563-19.541,43.563-43.561 C128.094,60.512,108.552,40.97,84.531,40.97z M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561 c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z"/> <path d="M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78 c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78 C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z"/></g></svg> </div>
1874. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
1875. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASA</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASAaero" aria-label="Go to @NASAaero on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASAaero</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASA_es" aria-label="Go to @NASA_es on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASA_es</a> </div>
1876. </div>
1877. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1" id="social-linkedin">
1878. <div class="circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center" style="background-color: #0072b1;">
1879. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-labelledby="linkedinIconTitle"><title id="linkedinIconTitle">Linkedin logo</title><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </div>
1880. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
1881. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://linkedin.com/company/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on linkedin" rel="noopener">@NASA</a> </div>
1882. </div>
1883. </div>
1884.  
1885. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
1886. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
1887. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
1888. </div>
1889. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
1890. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1891. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/x-59-aluminum-bird/" class="color-carbon-black">
1892. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1893. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1894. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg 6717w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/p25-037-35-copy.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1895. </div>
1896. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1897. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div>
1898. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA X-59’s Latest Testing Milestone: Simulating Flight from the Ground</h3></div>
1899. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1900. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1901. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1902. <span>Article</span>
1903. </span>
1904. <span class="">
1905. 3 days ago </span>
1906. </div>
1907. </div>
1908. </a>
1909. </div>
1910. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1911. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/armd-solicitations/" class="color-carbon-black">
1912. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1913. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1914. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg 4098w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=768,433 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1024,577 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1536,865 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=2048,1154 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=900,507 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1200,676 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=2000,1127 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1915. </div>
1916. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1917. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">9 min read</div>
1918. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">ARMD Research Solicitations (Updated May 1)</h3></div>
1919. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1920. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1921. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1922. <span>Article</span>
1923. </span>
1924. <span class="">
1925. 3 weeks ago </span>
1926. </div>
1927. </div>
1928. </a>
1929. </div>
1930. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1931. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/air-force-pilot-skillbridge-fellow-helps-nasa-research-soar/" class="color-carbon-black">
1932. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1933. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1934. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg 3600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/grc-2025-c-02689.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1935. </div>
1936. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1937. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1938. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Air Force Pilot, SkillBridge Fellow Helps NASA Research Soar</h3></div>
1939. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1940. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1941. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1942. <span>Article</span>
1943. </span>
1944. <span class="">
1945. 3 weeks ago </span>
1946. </div>
1947. </div>
1948. </a>
1949. </div>
1950. </div>
1951. </section>
1952. </div>
1953.  
1954. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1955. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1956. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1957. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1958. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
1959. </div>
1960. </div>
1961. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1962. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1963. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1964. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1965. <div>
1966. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1967. <span>Missions</span>
1968. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1969. </p>
1970. </div>
1971. </div>
1972. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1973. </a>
1974. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1975. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1976. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1977. <div>
1978. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1979. <span>Artemis</span>
1980. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1981. </p>
1982. </div>
1983. </div>
1984. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
1985. </a>
1986. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aeronautics-stem/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1987. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1988. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1989. <div>
1990. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1991. <span>Aeronautics STEM</span>
1992. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1993. </p>
1994. </div>
1995. </div>
1996. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="610" height="930" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?w=610" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg 610w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w" sizes="(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></figure> </div>
1997. </a>
1998. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/explore-nasas-history/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1999. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
2000. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
2001. <div>
2002. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
2003. <span>Explore NASA&#8217;s History</span>
2004. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
2005. </p>
2006. </div>
2007. </div>
2008. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1919" height="1878" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1919w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=294&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=752&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=1002&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1503&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=50&amp;h=49&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=587&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=881&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=1174&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px" /></figure> </div>
2009. </a>
2010. </div>
2011. </div>
2012. </div>
2013.  
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2057. <div class="grid-col-8">May 15, 2025</div>
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2059. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jim Banke</div></div><div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Contact</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><div class="margin-bottom-3"><div>Steven Holz</div><div><a href="mailto:s&#116;&#101;ve&#110;&#46;m&#46;holz&#64;&#110;a&#115;&#97;.g&#111;v">&#115;&#116;&#101;v&#101;n&#46;m&#46;holz&#64;&#110;&#97;sa.&#103;&#111;&#118;</a></div></div></div></div> </div>
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2061. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-directorates/armd/tacp/ui">University Student Research Challenge</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/">Aeronautics</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/flight-innovation/">Flight Innovation</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/tacp/">Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-directorates/armd/tacp/ui/">University Innovation</a></li></ul></div></div>
2062. </div>
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