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Source: http://www.careerfeed.in/?feed=rss2

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<title>NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024: 500 TGT and PGT posts</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/nvs-pgt-tgt-recruitment-2024-notification/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/nvs-pgt-tgt-recruitment-2024-notification/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[CareerFeed]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2024 04:58:55 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[All India Government Jobs]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Central Government Jobs]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Latest Job Alerts]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Latest Notifications]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Navodaya]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Teacher]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.careerfeed.in/?p=8082</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) has invited online applications for 500 posts of Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT) and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT). NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024 The Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) is recruiting Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT) and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT) on a contract basis. There are 500 positions available in NVS Schools located […]
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/nvs-pgt-tgt-recruitment-2024-notification/">NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024: 500 TGT and PGT posts</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[The Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) has invited online applications for 500 posts of Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT) and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT).
<h2>NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024</h2>
<ul>
<li>The Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) is recruiting Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT) and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT) on a contract basis.</li>
<li>There are 500 positions available in NVS Schools located in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.</li>
<li>Interested candidates can apply online for these positions by April 26, 2024.</li>
<li>Selection will be based on candidates’ performance in the interview, scheduled tentatively for May 16, 2024.</li>
</ul>
<h2>NVS Recruitment 2024: Vacancies</h2>
<ul>
<li>Total Vacancies: 500</li>
<li>Positions Available: Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT) and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT)</li>
</ul>
<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-8084" src="https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nvs-teacher-recruitment-2024-500-tgt-and-pgt-posts-1.png" alt="NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024" width="475" height="352" title="NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024: 500 TGT and PGT posts" srcset="https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nvs-teacher-recruitment-2024-500-tgt-and-pgt-posts-1.png 448w, https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nvs-teacher-recruitment-2024-500-tgt-and-pgt-posts-1-300x222.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px" />
<h2>NVS Recruitment 2024: Important Dates</h2>
<ul>
<li>Starting of Online Application: April 16, 2024</li>
<li>Last Date of Application: April 26, 2024</li>
<li>Schedule for Interview: Tentatively on May 16, 2024</li>
</ul>
<h2>NVS TGT 2024 Selection Procedure</h2>
<ul>
<li>The selection will be based solely on the candidate’s performance in the interview.</li>
<li>The interview is tentatively scheduled to be held on May 16, 2024.</li>
</ul>
<h2>NVS 2024 Eligibility and Age Limit</h2>
<h3>Educational Qualification</h3>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>TGT (Trained Graduate Teacher): Candidates should possess a Degree in the relevant subject, along with B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) or CTET (Central Teacher Eligibility Test) qualification from any recognized University/Institution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Upper Age Limit (as on July 1, 2024)</h3>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>The upper age limit for all categories of teachers is 50 years at the time of engagement.</li>
<li>For ex-NVS teachers, the maximum age limit will be 65 years.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Steps to Apply for NVS PGT TGT 2024</h2>
<ol>
<li>Visit the Official Website:
<ul>
<li>Go to the official website of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) at <a href="http://www.navodaya.gov.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">www.navodaya.gov.in</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Navigate to NVS Recruitment 2024:
<ul>
<li>Click on the “NVS Recruitment 2024” link available on the homepage.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fill in the Application Form:
<ul>
<li>Provide all the required details in the online application form.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Submit the Application Form:
<ul>
<li>After filling out the form, submit the application online.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Upload Required Documents:
<ul>
<li>Upload the necessary documents as per the instructions provided.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Print the Application Form:
<ul>
<li>After successful submission, take a printout of the application form for future reference.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>NVS PGT Posts and Eligibility Criteria</h2>
<ol>
<li>PGT (Hindi):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Hindi.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Physics):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Physics/Applied Physics/Electronics Physics/Nuclear Physics.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Chemistry):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Chemistry/Bio-Chemistry.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Mathematics):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Mathematics/Applied Mathematics.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Economics):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Economics/Applied Economics/Business Economics.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (History):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in History.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Geography):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Geography.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Commerce):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Commerce with Accounting/Cost Accounting/Financial Accounting as a major subject of study. Holders of Degree of M.Com. in Applied/Business Economics shall not be eligible.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (English):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in English.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PGT (Biology):
<ul>
<li>Master’s Degree in Botany/Zoology/Life Sciences/Bio Sciences/Genetics/Micro Biology/Bio Technology/Molecular Biology/Plant Physiology. Applicants must have studied Botany and Zoology at the Graduation level.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>NVS Recruitment 2024: Notification 
<a href="https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Recruitment/Notification-Vacancies/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Recruitment/Notification-Vacancies/</a></h2>
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/nvs-pgt-tgt-recruitment-2024-notification/">NVS Teacher Recruitment 2024: 500 TGT and PGT posts</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></content:encoded>
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<title>JKPSC FDO Exam Date 2024 Out</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/jkpsc-fdo-exam-date-2024-out/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/jkpsc-fdo-exam-date-2024-out/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[CareerFeed]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2024 12:45:45 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[All States]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Govt jobs]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Latest Job Alerts]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Latest Notifications]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[State wise jobs]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[JKPSC]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.careerfeed.in/?p=8078</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC) has released the exam date for several posts including: Fisheries Development Officer (FDO) Horticulture Development Officer Assistant Floriculture Officer Works Manager Assistant Director The exam date and related details are available on the official JKPSC website at jkpsc.nic.in. Candidates can visit the website to check the exam […]
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/jkpsc-fdo-exam-date-2024-out/">JKPSC FDO Exam Date 2024 Out</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul>
<li>The Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC) has released the exam date for several posts including:
<ul>
<li>Fisheries Development Officer (FDO)</li>
<li>Horticulture Development Officer</li>
<li>Assistant Floriculture Officer</li>
<li>Works Manager</li>
<li>Assistant Director</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The exam date and related details are available on the official JKPSC website at jkpsc.nic.in.</li>
<li>Candidates can visit the website to check the exam schedule, download admit cards, and obtain other important information regarding these posts.</li>
<li>Exam Date: May 18/19, 2024</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Exam Mode: Objective</li>
<li>Official Website: <a href="https://jkpsc.nic.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://jkpsc.nic.in/</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Download the JKPSC FDO Exam Date 2024</h2>
<ol>
<li>Visit the official website of Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission (JKPSC) at <a href="https://jkpsc.nic.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://jkpsc.nic.in/</a>.</li>
<li>On the home page, locate and click on the link titled “Conduct of written examination for the posts of Fisheries Development Officer, Horticulture Development Officer, Assistant Floriculture Officer, Works Manager and Assistant Director (E and S).”</li>
<li>This will open a new window displaying the detailed PDF of the exam notice.</li>
<li>Download the PDF document and save it for future reference.</li>
</ol>
<h2>JKPSC FDO Exam Date </h2>
<ul>
<li>Exams for the posts of Fisheries Development Officer, Horticulture Development Officer, Assistant Floriculture Officer, and Works Manager are scheduled to be held on May 18/19, 2024.</li>
<li>The exam for the posts of Assistant Director (E&S), originally scheduled from May 22 to 29, 2024, will now be conducted in July 2024.</li>
</ul>
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/jkpsc-fdo-exam-date-2024-out/">JKPSC FDO Exam Date 2024 Out</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item>
<item>
<title>The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for 10th and 12th board exams</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/mpbse-mp-board-10th-12th-result-2024-link/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/mpbse-mp-board-10th-12th-result-2024-link/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[CareerFeed]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2024 04:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Results]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.careerfeed.in/?p=8072</guid>
<description><![CDATA[10th and 12th Result 2024 Declares Today: The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for both the 10th and 12th board exams will be available shortly on the official website mpresults.nic.in. MP 10th Result and MP 12th Result 2024 The Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) will announce the results for Class […]
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/mpbse-mp-board-10th-12th-result-2024-link/">The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for 10th and 12th board exams</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[10th and 12th Result 2024 Declares Today: The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for both the 10th and 12th board exams will be available shortly on the official website mpresults.nic.in.
<h2>MP 10th Result and MP 12th Result 2024</h2>
The Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) will announce the results for Class 10 and Class 12 today at 4 PM on April 24. Students can access their mark sheets using their roll number or registration number on the official websites: mpbse.nic.in, mpresults.nic.in and mpbse.mponline.gov.in
<h2>List of official websites where you can check the MP Board Result 2024 for Class 10 and Class 12</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://mpresults.nic.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">mpresults.nic.in</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mpbse.nic.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">mpbse.nic.in</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mpbse.mponline.gov.in/" target="_new" rel="noopener">mpbse.mponline.gov.in</a></li>
</ol>
<img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-8075" src="https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-mpbse-madhya-pradesh-board-of-secondary-education-results-for-10th-and-12th-board-exams-1.png" alt="MPBSE Board Result 2024" width="744" height="213" title="The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for 10th and 12th board exams" srcset="https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-mpbse-madhya-pradesh-board-of-secondary-education-results-for-10th-and-12th-board-exams-1.png 744w, https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-mpbse-madhya-pradesh-board-of-secondary-education-results-for-10th-and-12th-board-exams-1-300x86.png 300w, https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-mpbse-madhya-pradesh-board-of-secondary-education-results-for-10th-and-12th-board-exams-1-696x199.png 696w, https://www.careerfeed.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-mpbse-madhya-pradesh-board-of-secondary-education-results-for-10th-and-12th-board-exams-1-741x213.png 741w" sizes="(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px" />
<h2>MP Board Supplementary Exam for 2024 </h2>
The MP Board Supplementary Exam for 2024 is expected to be conducted in June or July. Last year, after the result was declared on 25th May, the supplementary exam took place from around 17th July to 27th July, approximately 20 to 25 days after the declaration of the result. Specific dates for this year’s supplementary exams will be announced by the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) closer to the time of the exam.
<h2>Rechecking your board exam marks of the MP Board Exam 2024</h2>
<ol>
<li>Visit the Official Website: Go to the official website of the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) where the rechecking or retotaling process is facilitated.</li>
<li>Find the Application Form: Look for the section related to rechecking or retotaling of exam papers. This information is typically found under the Examination or Results section on the website.</li>
<li>Fill Out the Application Form: Download or access the online application form for rechecking or retotaling. Fill in all required details accurately, including your personal information, exam details (like roll number), subject(s) for which you want rechecking, and reason for request.</li>
<li>Pay the Fee: There will be a specified fee for submitting the rechecking or retotaling form. Make the payment using the available online payment options.</li>
<li>Submit the Form: After completing the form and making the payment, submit the application online through the designated portal.</li>
<li>Await Result: The board will reevaluate or recheck your exam papers based on your request. The revised result will be announced within 10 to 15 days after submitting the form.</li>
</ol>
<hr />
 
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/mpbse-mp-board-10th-12th-result-2024-link/">The MPBSE (Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education) results for 10th and 12th board exams</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item>
<item>
<title>List of Countries and Parliaments</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/list-of-countries-and-parliaments-general-knowledge/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/list-of-countries-and-parliaments-general-knowledge/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[CareerFeed]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 30 Mar 2024 11:25:25 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[General Knowledge]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[SSC]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[SSC General Awareness]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[SSC GK]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Static GK]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[GK]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.careerfeed.in/?p=8061</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Countries and Parliaments Country Capital Parliament Afghanistan Kabul Shora Albania Tirana People’s Assembly Algeria Algiers National People’s Assembly Andorra Andorra La Vella General Council Angola Luanda National People’s Assembly Argentina Buenos Aires National Congress Australia Canberra Federal Parliament Austria Vienna National Assembly Azerbaijan Baku Melli Majlis Bahamas Nassau General Assembly Bahrain Manama Consultative Council Bangladesh […]
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/list-of-countries-and-parliaments-general-knowledge/">List of Countries and Parliaments</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 style="text-align: center;">Countries and Parliaments</h2>
<table style="width: 100%; height: 3554px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 41px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 41px;">Country</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 41px;">Capital</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 41px;">Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Afghanistan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Kabul</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Shora</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Albania</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tirana</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Algeria</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Algiers</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Andorra</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Andorra La Vella</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">General Council</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Angola</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Luanda</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Argentina</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Buenos Aires</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Australia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Canberra</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Federal Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Austria</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Vienna</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Azerbaijan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Baku</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Melli Majlis</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bahamas</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Nassau</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">General Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bahrain</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Manama</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Consultative Council</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bangladesh</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Dhaka</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Jatia Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Belize</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Belmopan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bhutan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Thimphu</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tsogdu</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bolivia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Sucre</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Botswana</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Gaborone</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Brazil</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Brasilia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Britain</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">London</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Parliament (House Of Commons And House Of Lords)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Brunei</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Bandar Seri Begawan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bulgaria</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Sofia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Narodno Sabranie</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Cambodia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Phnom Penh</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Canada</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Ottawa</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">China</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Beijing</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Colombia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bogota</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Comoros</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Moroni</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Legislative Council And Senate</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Costa Rice</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">San Jose</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Legislative Council And Senate</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Croatia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Zagreb</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Sabor</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Cuba</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Havana</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">National Assembly Of People’s Power</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Denmark</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Copenhagen</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Folketing</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">East Timor</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Dili</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Constituent Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Ecuador</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Quito</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Egypt</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Cairo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">El Salvador</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">San Salvador</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Legislative Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Ethiopia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Addis Ababa</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Federal Council And House Of Representative</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Fiji Islands</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Suva</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Senate & House Of Representative</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Finland</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Helsinki</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Eduskusta (Parliament)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">France</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Paris</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Germany</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Berlin</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Bundestag (Lower House) & Bundesrat (Upper House)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Great Britain</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">London</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Greece</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Athens</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Chamber Of Deputies</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Guyana</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Georgetown</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Hungary</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Budapest</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Iceland</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Reykjavik</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Althing</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">India</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">New Delhi</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Sansad</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Indonesia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Jakarta</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">People’s Consultative Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Iran</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tehran</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Majlis</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Iraq</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Baghdad</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Ireland</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Dublin</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Oireachtas</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Israel</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Jerusalem</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">The Knesset</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Italy</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Rome</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Chamber Of Deputies And Senate</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Japan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tokyo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Diet</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Jordan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Amman</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Korea (North)</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Pyongyang</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Supreme People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Korea (South)</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Seoul</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Kuwait</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Kuwait City</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Lebanon</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Beirut</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Laos</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Vientiane</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">People’s Supreme Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Latvia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Riga</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Saeima</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Lesotho</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Maseru</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly And Senate</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Libya</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tripoli</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">General People’s Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Lithuania</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Vilnius</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Seimas</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Luxembourg</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Luxembourg</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Chamber Of Deputies</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Madagascar</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Antananarivo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Malaysia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Kuala Lumpur</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Majilis</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Maldives</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Male</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Majilis</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Mongolia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Ulaanbaatar</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Great People’s Khural</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Montenegro</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Podgorica</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Federal Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Mozambique</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Maputo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">People’s Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Myanmar</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Naypyidaw</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Pyithu Hluttaw</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Nepal</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Kathmandu</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Federal Parliament of Nepal</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Netherlands</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Amsterdam</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">States-General (Staten-General)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">New Zealand</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Wellington</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Parliament (House Of Representatives)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Norway</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Oslo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Storting</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Oman</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Muscat</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Monarchy</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Pakistan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Islamabad</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly & Senate</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Papua New Guinea</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Port Moresby</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">National Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Paraguay</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Asuncion</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Senate & Chamber Of Deputies</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Philippines</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Manila</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">The Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Poland</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Warsaw</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Sejm</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Romania</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Bucharest</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Great National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Russia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Moscow</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Duma & Federal Council</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Saudi Arabia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Riyadh</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Majlis Al-Shura</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">South Africa</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Pretoria</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Parliament</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Spain</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Madrid</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Crotes</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Taiwan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Taipei</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Yuan</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Turkey</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Ankara</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Grand National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Uruguay</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Montevideo</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">General Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">USA</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Washington D.C.</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 69px;">Congress</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Uzbekistan</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Tashkent</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Oliy Majlis</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Vietnam</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Hanoi</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Zambia</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Lusaka</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">National Assembly</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Zimbabwe</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Harare</td>
<td style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">Parliament</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/list-of-countries-and-parliaments-general-knowledge/">List of Countries and Parliaments</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></content:encoded>
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</item>
<item>
<title>Countries and Cities: Old and New names</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/gk-countries-and-cities-old-and-new-names/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/gk-countries-and-cities-old-and-new-names/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[CareerFeed]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 30 Mar 2024 10:39:44 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[General Knowledge]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[SSC]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[SSC GK]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Static GK]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[GK]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.careerfeed.in/?p=8050</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Old and New names New Names Old Names Bangladesh East Pakistan Beijing Peking Belize British Honduras Benin Dahomey Botswana Bechuanaland Ethiopia Abyssinia Ghana Gold Coast Harare Salisbury Indonesia Dutch East Indies Iran Persia Iraq Mesopotamia Istanbul Constantinople Kinshasa Leopoldville Lesotho Basutoland Malawi Nyasaland Malaysia Malaya Myanmar Burma Namibia South West Africa The Netherlands Holland Sri […]
The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in/gk-countries-and-cities-old-and-new-names/">Countries and Cities: Old and New names</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.careerfeed.in">CareerFeed.in</a>.
]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 style="text-align: center;">Old and New names</h2>
<table style="width: 100%; height: 754px;">
<thead>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<th style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">New Names</th>
<th style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Old Names</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Bangladesh</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">East Pakistan</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Beijing</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Peking</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Belize</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">British Honduras</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Benin</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Dahomey</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Botswana</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Bechuanaland</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Ethiopia</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Abyssinia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Ghana</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Gold Coast</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Harare</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Salisbury</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Indonesia</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Dutch East Indies</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Iran</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Persia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Iraq</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Mesopotamia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Istanbul</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Constantinople</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Kinshasa</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Leopoldville</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Lesotho</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Basutoland</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Malawi</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Nyasaland</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Malaysia</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Malaya</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Myanmar</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Burma</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Namibia</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">South West Africa</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">The Netherlands</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Holland</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Sri Lanka</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Ceylon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">St. Petersburg</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Leningrad</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Taiwan</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Formosa</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Thailand</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Siam</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">United Arab Republic</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Arab Republic of Egypt</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Yangon</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Rangoon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Zaire</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Democratic Republic of Congo</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Zambia</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Northern Rhodesia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26px;">
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Zimbabwe</td>
<td style="height: 26px; text-align: center;">Southern Rhodesia</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 
<h2 style="text-align: center;">Changed Names of Some Indian Cities and States</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: center;">New Name</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">Old Name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Prayagraj</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Allahabad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Sambhajinagar</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Aurangabad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Varanasi</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Banaras</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Vadodara</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Baroda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Bengaluru</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Bangalore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Mumbai</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Bombay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Kolkata</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Calcutta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Kozhikode</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Calicut</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Kochi</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Cochin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Mughalsarai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Chennai</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Madras</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Puducherry</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Pondicherry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Thiruvananthapuram</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Trivandrum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Uttarakhand</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Uttaranchal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Odisha</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Orissa</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<title>International Organisations and Headquarters</title>
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<pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2024 14:55:07 +0000</pubDate>
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<description><![CDATA[United Nations Organization (U.N.O.) Headquarters: New York Year of Establishment: 1945 International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) Headquarters: Washington D.C. Year of Establishment: 1945 World Health Organization (W.H.O.) Headquarters: Geneva Year of Establishment: 1948 Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) Headquarters: Rome Year of Establishment: 1945 International Labour Organization (ILO) Headquarters: Geneva Year of Establishment: 1919 UNESCO Headquarters: […]
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<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ol>
<li>United Nations Organization (U.N.O.)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: New York</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1945</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Washington D.C.</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1945</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>World Health Organization (W.H.O.)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1948</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Rome</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1945</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Labour Organization (ILO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1919</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>UNESCO
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Paris</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1946</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Court of Justice
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: The Hague</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1946</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Universal Postal Union (UPU)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Berne</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1874</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Montreal</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1947</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>UNIDO
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Vienna</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1966</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Vienna</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1957</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Finance Corporation (IFC)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Washington D.C.</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1956</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: New York</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1965</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>UNICEF
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: New York</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1946</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Maritime Organization (IMO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: London</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1948</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1950</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1865</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Arab League
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Cairo</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1945</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Commonwealth of Nations
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: London</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1949</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>World Trade Organization (WTO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1995</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Development Association (IDA)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Washington D.C.</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1960</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Washington D.C.</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1945</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1967</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1969</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>European Union (EU)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Brussels</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: Not provided</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Red Cross
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Geneva</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1863</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Interpol
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Lyon</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1923</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Asian Development Bank (ADB)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Manila</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1966</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Brussels</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1949</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
<ul>
<li>Headquarters: Jakarta</li>
<li>Year of Establishment: 1967</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<hr />
 
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<title>Different Types of Soil in India</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/types-of-soil-in-india/</link>
<comments>https://www.careerfeed.in/types-of-soil-in-india/#respond</comments>
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<pubDate>Sat, 09 Mar 2024 08:49:56 +0000</pubDate>
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<description><![CDATA[Different Types of Soil in India Historical Classification In ancient times, soils were broadly classified into two categories: Urvara (fertile) and Usara (sterile), based on their fertility. Scientific Classification The first scientific classification of soil was pioneered by Vasily Dokuchaev, a Russian soil scientist. In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified […]
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<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Different Types of Soil in India</h2>
<h3>Historical Classification</h3>
<ul>
<li>In ancient times, soils were broadly classified into two categories: Urvara (fertile) and Usara (sterile), based on their fertility.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Scientific Classification</h3>
<ul>
<li>The first scientific classification of soil was pioneered by Vasily Dokuchaev, a Russian soil scientist.</li>
<li>In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into eight distinct categories, each with unique characteristics and properties.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Types of Soil in India</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h3>Alluvial Soil</h3>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Deposited by rivers and streams, rich in minerals and fertile.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in the Indo-Gangetic plains and deltas of major rivers.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Highly productive for agriculture due to its fertility and water-retaining capacity.</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. Black Cotton Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Derived from basaltic rock, rich in clay minerals (smectite), and swells when wet.</li>
<li>Distribution: Predominantly found in the Deccan Plateau region of central and western India.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Known for its ability to retain moisture and form deep cracks during dry seasons.</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. Red & Yellow Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Developed from weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks, contains iron oxides.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in parts of Peninsular India and hilly regions.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Typically acidic, low in fertility, and prone to erosion.</li>
</ul>
<h3>4. Laterite Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Result of intense weathering in hot and humid tropical climates, rich in iron and aluminum oxides.</li>
<li>Distribution: Common in areas with heavy rainfall, such as the Western Ghats and parts of Northeast India.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Hard when dry, but softens and becomes slippery when wet; low in fertility.</li>
</ul>
<h3>5. Mountainous or Forest Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Developed under forest cover in hilly and mountainous regions.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in the Himalayan foothills and other mountain ranges across India.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Rich in organic matter, well-drained, and conducive to forest vegetation.</li>
</ul>
<h3>6. Arid or Desert Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Formed in arid and semi-arid regions with low rainfall and high evaporation rates.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in the Thar Desert and other arid regions of Northwestern India.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Low in organic matter, high in soluble salts, and prone to wind erosion.</li>
</ul>
<h3>7. Saline and Alkaline Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Develops in areas with poor drainage, leading to salt accumulation on the soil surface.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in coastal regions, arid zones, and areas with high groundwater tables.</li>
<li>Characteristics: High levels of salts or alkalis, detrimental to plant growth without proper management.</li>
</ul>
<h3>8. Peaty and Marshy Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Formation: Accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter in waterlogged conditions.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in swampy areas, marshes, and wetlands across India.</li>
<li>Characteristics: High organic content, acidic, and often used for wetland conservation and agriculture.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>What is Soil</h2>
Soil is the loose material or the upper layer of the Earth’s crust, known as the mantle rock, consisting mainly of very small particles and humus. It provides a medium for plant growth and is vital for sustaining ecosystems.
Composition: Soil mainly consists of the following elements:
<ol>
<li>Inorganic or Mineral Fractions: These are derived from the parent material and constitute the mineral components of soil.</li>
<li>Organic Matter: This includes decayed and decomposed plants and animals, contributing to the nutrient content and fertility of the soil.</li>
<li>Air: The soil contains pores and voids filled with air, crucial for gas exchange and root respiration.</li>
<li>Water: Soil holds moisture in its pores, providing hydration for plants and supporting biological processes.</li>
</ol>
Formation: Soil formation, known as pedogenesis, occurs under specific natural conditions influenced by various factors:
<ul>
<li>Parent Material: The underlying rock or regolith from which soil particles are derived.</li>
<li>Relief: The topography or terrain of the land, influencing factors such as erosion and drainage.</li>
<li>Climate: Factors such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity influence the rate of weathering and organic matter decomposition.</li>
<li>Vegetation: Plant roots contribute to soil structure and organic matter accumulation.</li>
<li>Life Forms: Soil organisms such as earthworms and microorganisms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and soil aeration.</li>
<li>Time: Soil formation is a gradual process that occurs over geological time scales, with soils evolving and changing over time.</li>
</ul>
Importance: Soil is essential for various ecological processes and human activities, including:
<ul>
<li>Providing a medium for plant growth and crop production.</li>
<li>Supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services.</li>
<li>Regulating water flow and nutrient cycling.</li>
<li>Acting as a filter for pollutants and contaminants.</li>
<li>Serving as a foundation for infrastructure and construction.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Soil profile</h2>
The soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, consisting of distinct layers known as horizons. Each horizon exhibits unique characteristics and properties, contributing to the overall composition and structure of the soil.
<h3>Horizons</h3>
<ol>
<li>Horizon A (Topsoil)</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Topmost layer of the soil profile, also known as the topsoil.</li>
<li>Rich in organic materials, nutrients, and water, essential for plant growth.</li>
<li>Represents the zone of maximum biological activity and root penetration.</li>
<li>Contains a mixture of mineral matter and organic matter derived from decomposition of plant and animal remains.</li>
</ul>
2. Horizon B (Subsoil)
<ul>
<li>Lies beneath Horizon A and represents the transition zone between the topsoil and the deeper layers.</li>
<li>Characterized by a greater concentration of mineral particles and lesser organic matter compared to Horizon A.</li>
<li>Contains materials leached from Horizon A as well as deposits from underlying layers.</li>
<li>Plays a role in nutrient storage and water movement within the soil profile.</li>
</ul>
3. Horizon C (Weathered Rock):
<ul>
<li>Composed of weathered and decomposed rock material.</li>
<li>Represents the initial stage in the soil formation process, serving as the source material for upper horizons.</li>
<li>Contains unconsolidated or loose particles derived from physical and chemical weathering of the parent rock.</li>
<li>Forms the foundation for the development of higher horizons through pedogenesis.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Parent Rock or Bedrock</h3>
<ul>
<li>Beneath the soil horizons lies the parent rock or bedrock.</li>
<li>Also referred to as the substratum, it is the solid rock layer from which the soil horizons are derived through weathering and erosion processes.</li>
<li>Serves as the ultimate source of mineral constituents for soil formation.</li>
</ul>
Importance: Understanding the soil profile and its horizons is crucial for
<ul>
<li>Agricultural practices such as crop selection, irrigation, and fertilization.</li>
<li>Land management and soil conservation efforts.</li>
<li>Environmental monitoring and ecosystem restoration initiatives.</li>
<li>Engineering projects involving foundation design and construction.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
 
<a href="https://www.careerfeed.in/types-of-soil-in-india-gk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Characteristics of Soils</a>
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<title>Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation</title>
<link>https://www.careerfeed.in/soil-erosion-and-soil-conservation-gk/</link>
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<pubDate>Sat, 09 Mar 2024 08:45:46 +0000</pubDate>
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<description><![CDATA[Soil Erosion Soil erosion is the wearing away and removal of topsoil by natural forces like water, wind, or ice, or by human activities. It’s a gradual process that can become severe if left unchecked. Causes of Soil Erosion Heavy Rainfall: In regions with high rainfall, water acts as the primary agent of soil erosion, […]
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<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Soil Erosion</h2>
Soil erosion is the wearing away and removal of topsoil by natural forces like water, wind, or ice, or by human activities. It’s a gradual process that can become severe if left unchecked.
<h3>Causes of Soil Erosion</h3>
<ul>
<li>Heavy Rainfall: In regions with high rainfall, water acts as the primary agent of soil erosion, washing away topsoil.</li>
<li>Wind: In arid and semi-arid regions, wind erosion occurs when strong winds blow away loose topsoil particles.</li>
<li>Human activities</li>
</ul>
Deforestation: Removes vegetation that holds soil in place.
Poor farming practices: Tilling practices that leave soil bare are susceptible to erosion.
Overgrazing: Excessive grazing by animals can remove vegetation cover.
Construction: Construction activities disturb the soil and make it vulnerable.
<h2 data-sourcepos="7:1-7:28">Impacts of Soil Erosion</h2>
<ul data-sourcepos="9:1-13:0">
<li data-sourcepos="9:1-9:184">Reduced fertility: Topsoil is the most fertile layer, rich in nutrients and organic matter. Erosion removes this layer, leaving behind less fertile subsoil, reducing crop yields.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="10:1-10:150">Increased flooding: Eroded soil ends up in rivers and streams, increasing sedimentation. This can lead to clogged waterways and worsen flooding.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="11:1-11:110">Water quality degradation: Soil particles carried by runoff pollute water bodies, harming aquatic life.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="12:1-13:0">Desertification: In extreme cases, prolonged erosion can transform fertile land into deserts.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Types of Water Erosion</h2>
<ol>
<li>Sheet Erosion: Occurs when a thin layer of topsoil is removed uniformly from the land surface, typically after heavy rainfall on level lands.</li>
<li>Gully Erosion: Involves the formation of deep channels or gullies on steep slopes due to the concentrated flow of water, making land unsuitable for cultivation.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Effects of Gully Erosion</h3>
<ol>
<li>Fragmentation of Agricultural Land: Gullies deepen over time, dividing agricultural lands into smaller fragments, reducing productivity.</li>
<li>Loss of Arable Land: Gully erosion renders large areas of land unfit for cultivation, leading to food insecurity and economic losses.</li>
<li>Badland Topography: Regions with extensive gully erosion may exhibit a rugged landscape known as “badland topography,” characterized by deep gullies and ravines.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Examples of Gully Erosion</h3>
<ul>
<li>Chambal Valley (Madhya Pradesh): Known for its extensive network of deep gullies, rendering vast tracts of land uncultivable.</li>
<li>Tamil Nadu and West Bengal: Other regions in India also experience gully erosion due to geographical and climatic factors.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 data-sourcepos="25:1-25:31">Prevention of Soil Erosion</h2>
Several methods can help prevent or reduce soil erosion:
<ul data-sourcepos="29:1-34:0">
<li data-sourcepos="29:1-29:127">Maintaining vegetation cover: Planting trees, cover crops, and maintaining natural vegetation helps bind soil particles.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="30:1-30:89">Terracing: Building level fields on slopes reduces water flow velocity and erosion.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="31:1-31:107">Contour ploughing: Plowing along the contours of the land creates ridges that slow down water runoff.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="32:1-32:124">Mulching: Covering the soil with organic material like leaves or straw helps retain moisture and prevent wind erosion.</li>
<li data-sourcepos="33:1-34:0">Crop rotation: Rotating crops with deep-rooted plants helps improve soil structure and reduce erosion.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Soil Conservation</h2>
Soil conservation encompasses strategies and practices aimed at preserving soil fertility, preventing erosion, and restoring degraded soil conditions. These efforts are crucial for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.
Soil Conservation Practices
<ul>
<li>Contour Bunding and Terracing: Constructing barriers along contours to reduce water runoff and soil erosion on slopes.</li>
<li>Controlled Grazing: Managing livestock grazing to minimize soil compaction and vegetation damage.</li>
<li>Regulated Forestry: Sustainable forest management practices to prevent deforestation and soil degradation.</li>
<li>Cover Cropping: Planting cover crops during fallow periods to protect soil from erosion and improve soil health.</li>
<li>Mixed Farming and Crop Rotation: Diversifying agricultural activities and rotating crops to maintain soil fertility and structure.</li>
<li>Afforestation: Planting trees helps prevent soil erosion by stabilizing soil, reducing runoff, and enhancing biodiversity. It is essential to curb deforestation to maintain ecosystem balance.</li>
<li>Flood Management: Implementing floodwater storage and diversion projects helps mitigate soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall and flooding. Interlinking rivers and constructing canals aid in water management.</li>
<li>Reclamation of Gullies and Ravines: Initiatives such as plugging gully mouths, constructing bunds, and planting vegetation in ravines are vital for addressing soil erosion hotspots, such as the Chambal ravines in Madhya Pradesh.</li>
<li>Addressing Shifting Cultivation: Encouraging farmers engaged in shifting cultivation to adopt terraced farming and sedentary agricultural practices helps reduce soil erosion in regions like northeast India and the Western and Eastern Ghats.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
 
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<title>Types of Soil in India: Characteristics</title>
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<pubDate>Sat, 09 Mar 2024 04:30:39 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[General Knowledge]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Geography GK]]></category>
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<description><![CDATA[The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories. Eight categories of Soil Alluvial Soil Black Cotton Soil Red & Yellow Soil Laterite Soil Mountainous or Forest Soil Arid or Desert Soil Saline and Alkaline Soil Peaty and Marshy Soil Types of Soil in India: Characteristics Alluvial Soil Widespread Distribution: Alluvial […]
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<div class="">The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories.</div>
<h2>Eight categories of Soil</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ol>
<li>Alluvial Soil</li>
<li>Black Cotton Soil</li>
<li>Red & Yellow Soil</li>
<li>Laterite Soil</li>
<li>Mountainous or Forest Soil</li>
<li>Arid or Desert Soil</li>
<li>Saline and Alkaline Soil</li>
<li>Peaty and Marshy Soil</li>
</ol>
<hr />
<h2>Types of Soil in India: Characteristics</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h3>Alluvial Soil</h3>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Widespread Distribution: Alluvial soils are predominant in the northern plains and river valleys of India.</li>
<li>Coverage: They cover approximately 40% of the total land area of the country.</li>
<li>Origin: These soils are primarily derived from the debris carried down from the Himalayas by rivers.</li>
<li>Peninsular Region: In the Peninsular region, alluvial soils are found in the deltas of the east coast and river valleys.</li>
<li>Color: The color of alluvial soil varies from light grey to ash grey.</li>
<li>Texture: Alluvial soil exhibits a range of textures, from sandy loam to clay.</li>
<li>Nutrient Content: Rich in potash but deficient in phosphorus.</li>
<li>Types: Two main types of alluvial soils exist in the Upper and Middle Ganga plains – Khadar and Bhangar.</li>
<li>Khadar: Represents new alluvium, found in flood plains, enriched with fresh silt deposits annually.</li>
<li>Bhangar: Older alluvium located away from flood plains.</li>
<li>Concretion Presence: Both Khadar and Bhangar soils contain concretions (kankars) of impure calcium carbonate.</li>
<li>Texture Variation: Alluvial soils are more loamy and clayey in the lower and middle Ganga plains and the Brahmaputra valley.</li>
<li>Intensive Cultivation: Intensely cultivated for various crops including wheat, maize, sugarcane, pulses, and oilseeds.</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. Black Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alternative Names: Also known as “Regur Soil” or “Black Cotton Soil.”</li>
<li>Coverage: Occupies approximately 15% of India’s total land area.</li>
<li>Distribution: Predominantly found in the Deccan Plateau, covering parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and some areas of Tamil Nadu. Deep black soil is prevalent in the upper reaches of the Godavari and Krishna rivers, as well as the northwestern part of the Deccan Plateau.</li>
<li>Color: Ranges from deep black to grey.</li>
<li>Texture: Typically clayey, deep, and impermeable. Exhibits significant swelling and stickiness when wet during the rainy season, followed by shrinkage and wide cracks during the dry season.</li>
<li>Composition: Rich in iron, lime, aluminum, magnesium, and potassium. However, deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter.</li>
<li>Cultivation: Suitable for cultivating crops such as cotton, pulses, millets, castor, tobacco, sugarcane, citrus fruits, and linseed.</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. Red and Yellow Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alternative Name: Referred to as the “omnibus group.”</li>
<li>Coverage: Occupies about 18.5% of the total land area of India.</li>
<li>Distribution: Found in regions with low rainfall, particularly in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan Plateau. Also present along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats, parts of Odisha, Chattisgarh, and the southern parts of the Middle Ganga Plain.</li>
<li>Color: The red color is attributed to the presence of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. In hydrated form, the soil appears yellow.</li>
<li>Fertility: Fine-grained red and yellow soil is typically fertile, while coarse-grained soil is less fertile.</li>
<li>Nutrient Content: Generally deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and humus.</li>
<li>Cultivation: Mainly cultivated for crops such as wheat, cotton, oilseeds, millets, tobacco, and pulses.</li>
</ul>
<h3>4. Laterite Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Etymology: The name “laterite” is derived from the Latin word “later,” which means brick, reflecting its brick-like appearance and hardening properties.</li>
<li>Coverage: Accounts for about 3.7% of India’s total land area.</li>
<li>Formation: Typical of regions with a monsoon climate characterized by seasonal rainfall. Lime and silica are leached away with rain, leaving behind soil rich in iron oxide and aluminum, leading to the formation of laterite soil.</li>
<li>Nutrient Content: Laterite soil is deficient in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, and calcium. However, it is abundant in iron oxide and potash.</li>
<li>Fertility: Although low in fertility, laterite soils respond well to manures and fertilizers.</li>
<li>Geographical Distribution: Found in states such as Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, and hilly regions of Assam and Odisha.</li>
<li>Suitability for Tree Crops: Red laterite soil in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh is well-suited for tree crop cultivation, such as cashew nuts.</li>
<li>Hardening Property: Laterite soil hardens rapidly and irreversibly upon exposure to air. This property makes it valuable for use as building bricks in southern India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>5. Forest Soil (Mountainous Soil)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: Found in forest regions with sufficient rainfall, typically in mountainous environments.</li>
<li>Texture Variation: The texture of forest soil varies depending on the mountain environment where it is found.</li>
<li>Upper Slopes: In the upper slopes, forest soils are coarse-grained.</li>
<li>Valley Sides: On valley sides, forest soils are loamy and silty, providing different conditions for plant growth.</li>
<li>Himalayan Regions: In the snowbound areas of the Himalayas, these soils undergo denudation and are acidic with low humus content.</li>
<li>Fertility: Soils found in the lower valleys are fertile, supporting lush vegetation and diverse ecosystems.</li>
<li>Also Known As: Commonly referred to as forest soil due to its predominant presence in forested areas.</li>
</ul>
<h3>6. Desert Soil</h3>
<ul>
<li>Alternative Names: Also known as arid soil.</li>
<li>Coverage: Accounts for over 4.42% of India’s total land area.</li>
<li>Color: Typically ranges from red to brown.</li>
<li>Texture: Sandy to gravelly texture, with low moisture content and low water-retaining capacity.</li>
<li>Salinity: Desert soils are saline in nature, and in certain regions, the salt content is high enough to allow the extraction of common salt by evaporating water.</li>
<li>Nutrient Content: Normal phosphate content but deficient in nitrogen.</li>
<li>Kankar Formation: Increased calcium content in the lower horizons leads to the formation of ‘kankar’ layers. These layers restrict water penetration. However, when water is made available through irrigation, soil moisture becomes readily accessible for sustainable plant growth.</li>
<li>Distribution: Predominantly found in western Rajasthan, characterized by little humus and organic matter.</li>
</ul>
<h3>7. Saline and Alkaline Soil</h3>
Characteristics
<ul>
<li>High percentages of sodium, magnesium, and potassium, making them infertile.</li>
<li>High salt content due to dry climate and poor drainage.</li>
<li>Texture ranges from sandy to loamy.</li>
<li>Deficient in calcium and nitrogen.</li>
</ul>
Distribution
<ul>
<li>Found in arid and semi-arid areas, waterlogged, and swampy regions.</li>
<li>Predominantly in western Gujarat, deltas of the eastern coast, Sundarban areas of West Bengal, Rann of Kutch, and near deltas where seawater increases soil salinity.</li>
</ul>
Reclamation:
<ul>
<li>Improve drainage.</li>
<li>Application of gypsum or lime.</li>
<li>Cultivation of salt-resistant crops like berseem, dhaincha, etc.</li>
</ul>
Other Names: Reh, Usar, Kallar, Rakar, Thur, and Chopan.
<h3>8. Peaty and Marshy Soils</h3>
Characteristics:
<ul>
<li>Found in regions with heavy rainfall and high humidity.</li>
<li>Support good vegetation growth.</li>
<li>Rich in humus and organic matter.</li>
<li>Generally heavy and black in color.</li>
<li>Some areas may have alkaline properties.</li>
</ul>
Distribution:
<ul>
<li>Southern Uttarakhand, northern Bihar, coastal areas of West Bengal, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
 
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<title>Atmosphere, Composition of the Atmosphere, Structure of the Atmosphere, Weather and Climate GK</title>
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<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2024 07:42:26 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[General Knowledge]]></category>
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<description><![CDATA[Earth’s Atmosphere The Earth is enveloped by a layer of gases known as the atmosphere. Significance of Atmosphere Essential for Life: The atmosphere contains oxygen, which is vital for the respiration of living organisms. It also regulates the Earth’s temperature, ensuring conditions suitable for life. Protection from Harmful Rays: The atmosphere acts as a shield […]
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<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Earth’s Atmosphere</h2>
The Earth is enveloped by a layer of gases known as the atmosphere.
Significance of Atmosphere
Essential for Life: The atmosphere contains oxygen, which is vital for the respiration of living organisms. It also regulates the Earth’s temperature, ensuring conditions suitable for life. 
Protection from Harmful Rays: The atmosphere acts as a shield against harmful solar radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can cause skin damage and other health issues. 
Climate Regulation: It helps in regulating the Earth’s climate by trapping heat through the greenhouse effect, maintaining temperatures conducive to life. 
Weather Patterns: Atmospheric conditions influence weather patterns, including precipitation, wind, and temperature variations, which are crucial for ecosystems and human activities. 
Ozone Layer: The ozone layer within the atmosphere absorbs and filters out a significant portion of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation, safeguarding life on Earth.
<hr />
<h2>Composition of the Atmosphere</h2>
<h3>1. Nitrogen (N2)</h3>
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, constituting approximately 78% of the air.
<ul>
<li>Importance: Essential for plant growth and survival, as plants require nitrogen for various biological processes, including photosynthesis.</li>
<li>Role: Nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants, maintaining the nitrogen cycle crucial for ecosystem balance.</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. Oxygen (O2)</h3>
Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere, comprising about 21% of the air.
<ul>
<li>Importance: Vital for the respiration of humans, animals, and many microorganisms, as oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, the process by which organisms generate energy.</li>
<li>Role: Oxygen is inhaled by organisms during respiration and utilized to convert nutrients into energy, with carbon dioxide being exhaled as a byproduct.</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</h3>
Although present in trace amounts (around 0.04%), carbon dioxide is crucial for maintaining the Earth’s climate and supporting plant life.
<ul>
<li>Importance: Green plants utilize carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates and oxygen, playing a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle.</li>
<li>Role: Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis, where it is converted into organic compounds, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.</li>
</ul>
<h3>4. Argon (Ar)</h3>
Argon is the third most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, constituting approximately 0.93% of the air.
<ul>
<li>Inert Gas: Argon is chemically inert and does not readily react with other substances, making it a stable component of the atmosphere.</li>
<li>Role: Despite its inert nature, argon plays a minor role in certain chemical reactions and is used in various industrial applications, such as welding and lighting.</li>
</ul>
The atmosphere comprises a mixture of gases, with nitrogen and oxygen being the most abundant, followed by carbon dioxide and argon.
<hr />
<h2>Structure of the Atmosphere</h2>
<h3>1. Troposphere</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, extending from the surface to an average height of 13 kilometers (8 miles) above sea level.</li>
<li>Characteristics: It is the layer where most weather phenomena, such as rainfall, hailstorms, and winds, occur. The air we breathe exists primarily in this layer.</li>
<li>Importance: The troposphere plays a vital role in regulating climate and supporting life on Earth, as it contains the majority of the atmosphere’s mass and moisture.</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. Stratosphere</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: Situated above the troposphere, the stratosphere extends from about 13 kilometers (8 miles) to 50 kilometers (31 miles) in altitude.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere is relatively stable and free from most weather disturbances. It contains a protective layer of ozone (the ozone layer), which absorbs and scatters harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.</li>
<li>Significance: The stratosphere is crucial for aviation, as commercial aircraft often fly within this layer due to its stability and absence of turbulent weather conditions.</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. Mesosphere</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: Positioned above the stratosphere, the mesosphere extends from about 50 kilometers (31 miles) to 80 kilometers (50 miles) above sea level.</li>
<li>Characteristics: This layer experiences a decrease in temperature with increasing altitude. It is also where meteoroids burn upon entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, producing visible streaks of light known as meteors or shooting stars.</li>
<li>Function: The mesosphere helps protect the Earth’s surface from meteoroid impacts and plays a role in transmitting radio signals through the ionosphere.</li>
</ul>
<h3>4. Thermosphere</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: Extending from about 80 kilometers (50 miles) to 400 kilometers (250 miles) above the Earth’s surface, the thermosphere is the fourth layer of the atmosphere.</li>
<li>Characteristics: Temperature rises rapidly with increasing altitude in the thermosphere, although the air density is extremely low. It contains the ionosphere, where ionization of atmospheric gases occurs, facilitating radio communication and the auroras.</li>
<li>Role: The thermosphere helps in the transmission of radio signals and provides an environment for the occurrence of auroras (aurora borealis and aurora australis) near the poles.</li>
</ul>
<h3>5. Exosphere</h3>
<ul>
<li>Location: The outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, the exosphere begins around 400 kilometers (250 miles) above the Earth’s surface and extends into space.</li>
<li>Characteristics: The exosphere is characterized by extremely low densities of gas molecules, with particles gradually thinning out until they dissipate into outer space. It merges with the interplanetary medium, where the Earth’s atmosphere transitions into the vacuum of space.</li>
<li>Boundary: The exosphere marks the boundary between the Earth’s atmosphere and outer space, where gravitational forces from the Earth weaken significantly.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Weather and Climate</h2>
<h3>1. Weather</h3>
<ul>
<li>Definition: Weather refers to the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere, including factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.</li>
<li>Characteristics: It represents the current atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place, often described in terms of sunny, cloudy, rainy, or windy.</li>
<li>Variability: Weather can change rapidly and is influenced by various factors such as seasons, air pressure systems, and local geography.</li>
</ul>
<h3>2. Climate</h3>
<ul>
<li>Definition: Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a longer period of time, typically spanning decades to centuries.</li>
<li>Characteristics: It represents the typical patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind experienced in a particular region.</li>
<li>Influence: Climate is influenced by factors such as latitude, altitude, proximity to water bodies, and topography.</li>
</ul>
<h3>3. Temperature</h3>
<ul>
<li>Definition: Temperature refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of the air or a body, measured using a thermometer in units such as degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.</li>
<li>Importance: Temperature influences various aspects of weather and climate, including the formation of clouds, availability of water vapor, and seasonal variations.</li>
</ul>
<h3>4. Air Pressure</h3>
<ul>
<li>Definition: Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air on the Earth’s surface, measured in units such as millibars or atmospheres.</li>
<li>Role: Differences in air pressure drive the movement of air masses, leading to the formation of wind patterns and weather systems.</li>
</ul>
<h3>5. Wind</h3>
<ul>
<li>Definition: Wind is the horizontal movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.</li>
</ul>
Types of Winds
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>Permanent Winds: Trade winds, easterlies, and westerlies blow constantly in a particular direction throughout the year.</li>
<li>Seasonal Winds: Monsoon winds, such as the southwest monsoon in India, change direction with the seasons.</li>
<li>Local Winds: Land and sea breezes, as well as regional winds like the loo in northern India, are examples of winds that occur temporarily in specific areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>GK Questions on Atmosphere</h2>
<ol>
<li>What is the most abundant gas in the air? 
Nitrogen</li>
<li>What is the second most abundant gas in the air? 
Oxygen</li>
<li>What do green plants use carbon dioxide for? 
Make food</li>
<li>Which gas do green plants release during photosynthesis? 
Oxygen</li>
<li>Name a gas that is not utilized by plants. 
Argon</li>
<li>What is the average height of the troposphere? 
13 km</li>
<li>In which layer of the atmosphere do most weather phenomena occur? 
Troposphere</li>
<li>What is the main gas found in the stratosphere? 
Ozone</li>
<li>What makes the stratosphere ideal for flying aeroplanes? 
Absence of weather phenomena</li>
<li>What is the next layer above the stratosphere? 
Mesosphere</li>
<li>At what height does the mesosphere extend up to? 
80 km</li>
<li>Which layer of the atmosphere experiences a rapid increase in temperature with height? 
Thermosphere</li>
<li>What important part of the thermosphere aids in radio communications? 
Ionosphere</li>
<li>What is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere called? 
Exosphere</li>
</ol>
<hr />
 
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