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  4.   <title>Skeptical Science</title>
  5.   <description>Examining the science of global warming skepticism, clearing up the misconceptions and misleading arguments that populate the climate change debate.</description>
  6.   <link>https://skepticalscience.com/</link>
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  9. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #19 2025</title>
  10. <description>&lt;h3&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  11. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx5458" target="_blank"&gt;The post-truth era and how science education keeps ignoring it&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Erduran,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  12. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  13. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conventional educational strategies in combatting post-truth seem to emphasize merits of truth, evidence, and reason. Such focus misses key elements of the post-truth era. It ignores the political dynamics that engulf science as well as the antiscience campaign that is deliberately carried out and amplified in the public domain. Post-truth demands a cultural shift in science education to ensure that sociological and political contexts of science are explicitly taught and understood. The sooner the science education community commits to dealing with the post-truth problem, the more likely that educational environments will be able to equip students to recognize the cycles of warfare on truth that demand perseverance in dealing with deliberate and manipulative undermining of science.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  14. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  15. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005719" target="_blank"&gt;The Case for the Anthropocene Epoch Is Stronger Than the Case for the Holocene Epoch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Skelton &amp;amp; Noone,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Earth's Future:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  16. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  17. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recommendation that the Anthropocene be denoted as a geological epoch was recently rejected by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Here, we compare the scientific rationales presented for the Anthropocene, the Holocene and the six other epochs in the Cenozoic Era: the Pleistocene, the Pliocene, the Miocene, the Oligocene, the Eocene and the Paleocene. We also present a historical perspective on the process through which the Holocene was accepted as a formal geological epoch. We conclude that, from a purely geological perspective, the scientific case for the Anthropocene as a geological epoch is stronger than the case for the Holocene and as good as or better than the cases for several other epochs in the Cenozoic Era.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  18. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  19. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02314-0" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span id="skstip203" class="skstip beginner disabled"&gt;Anthropogenic&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="skstip204" class="skstip beginner disabled"&gt;climate change&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;contributes to wildfire particulate matter and related mortality in the United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Law et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  20. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  21. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Climate change has increased forest fire extent in temperate and boreal North America. Here, we quantified the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to human mortality and economic burden from exposure to wildfire particulate matter at the county and state level across the contiguous US (2006 to 2020) by integrating climate projections, climate-wildfire models, wildfire smoke models, and emission and health impact modeling. Climate change contributed to approximately 15,000 wildfire particulate matter deaths over 15 years with interannual variability ranging from 130 (95% confidence interval: 64, 190) to 5100 (95% confidence interval: 2500, 7500) deaths and a cumulative economic burden of $160 billion. Approximately 34% of the additional deaths attributable to climate change occurred in 2020, costing $58 billion. The economic burden was highest in California, Oregon, and Washington. We suggest that absent abrupt changes in climate trajectories, land management, and population, the indirect impacts of climate change on human-health through wildfire smoke will escalate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  22. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Research was supported by NIH/NIEHS under award number K23ES035863.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  23. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  24. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000541" target="_blank"&gt;The role of science in the climate change discussions on Reddit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Cornale et al.&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  25. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  26. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Well-informed collective and individual action necessary to address climate change hinges on the public&amp;rsquo;s understanding of the relevant scientific findings. Social media has been a popular platform for the deliberation around climate change and the policies aimed at addressing it. Whether such deliberation is informed by scientific findings is an important step in gauging the public&amp;rsquo;s awareness of scientific resources and their latest findings. In this study, we examine the use of scientific sources in the course of 14 years of public deliberation around climate change on one of the largest social media platforms, Reddit. We find that only 4.0% of the links in the Reddit posts, and 6.5% in the comments, point to domains of scientific sources, although these rates have been increasing in the past decades. These links are dwarfed, however, by the citations of mass media, newspapers, and social media, the latter of which peaked especially during 2019&amp;ndash;2020. Further, scientific sources are more likely to be posted by users who also post links to sources having central-left political leaning, and less so by those posting more polarized sources. Scientific sources are not often used in response to links to unreliable sources, instead, other such sources are likely to appear in their comments. This study provides the quantitative evidence of the dearth of scientific basis of the online public debate and puts it in the context of other, potentially unreliable, sources of information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  27. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  28. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02303-3" target="_blank"&gt;Groundwater dominates snowmelt runoff and controls streamflow efficiency in the western United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Brooks et al.,&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  29. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  30. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Climate change in seasonally snow-covered mountain catchments is reducing water supply and decreasing streamflow predictability. Here, we use tritium age dating to show that contrary to the common assumption that&amp;nbsp;snowmelt quickly contributes to runoff, streamflow during snowmelt in western US catchments is dominated by older groundwater. The average age of streamwater during snowmelt runoff (5.7&amp;thinsp;&amp;plusmn;&amp;thinsp;4.3 years) was intermediate to the average age of groundwater (10.4&amp;thinsp;&amp;plusmn;&amp;thinsp;4.5 years) and recent precipitation, indicating that 58% (&amp;plusmn;34%) of snowmelt runoff was derived from groundwater. Water ages, streamflow, and groundwater storage were mediated by bedrock geology: low-permeability hard rock/shale catchments exhibited younger ages, less storage, and more efficient streamflow generation than high-permeability sandstone/clastic catchments. Our results demonstrate that snowmelt runoff is the result of multiple prior years of climate mediated by groundwater storage. Including these interactions will be crucial for predicting water resources as climate and landscape&amp;nbsp;changes accelerate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  31. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This project was supported by National Science Foundation&amp;nbsp;awards 2208424,&amp;nbsp;2012123, and 2043363.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  32. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  33. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99621-5" target="_blank"&gt;Increasing frequency and spatial extent of cattle heat stress conditions in the Southern plains of the USA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Lee et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  34. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  35. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oklahoma, as part of the Southern Plains region and a key contributor to U.S. cattle production, faces increasing heat stress due to climate change, which can adversely influence livestock. We analyzed data from 121 Oklahoma Mesonet stations (1998&amp;ndash;2022) to assess the spatio-temporal patterns of heat stress that influence cattle production across the state. Using the temperature humidity index (THI) and comprehensive climate index (CCI), we counted the number of days that exceeded critical thresholds for cattle production. Based on THI, only 12% of stations showed a significant increase in heat stress, while more than 60% did based on CCI, driven mainly by significantly lower summer wind speeds. Statewide cattle and calf inventory data showed a significant decrease in cattle numbers, especially following years with a large number of heat stress days based on CCI. At the county level, decreasing inventory often aligned with increasing heat stress, which suggested a strong relationship between heat stress and cattle health. With the number of heat stress days increasing by up to four days per year, adaptive strategies are crucial to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress on cattle health and productivity in this region.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  36. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service&amp;rsquo;s SCINet Program and AI Center of Excellence (ARS project nos. 0201-88888-003-000D and 0201-88888-002-000D) and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the USDA. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE contract no. DESC0014664. P.B. was supported by an internship program funded by the NASA Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  37. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  38. &lt;h3&gt;From this week's government/NGO &lt;a href="#gov-ngo"&gt;section&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/h3&gt;
  39. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/349b7eb2-9f26-443a-b191-1f1616955758/GlobalMethaneTracker2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Global Methane Tracker 2025&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International Energy Agency&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  40. &lt;blockquote&gt;Methane is responsible for around 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution, and rapid and sustained reductions in methane emissions are key to limiting near-term global warming and improving air quality. The energy sector &amp;ndash; including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy &amp;ndash; accounts for more than 35% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker is an essential tool for raising awareness about methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down. The Tracker presents the latest sector-wide emissions estimates &amp;ndash; based on the most recent data from satellites and measurement campaigns &amp;ndash; and discusses different abatement options along with their associated costs. This 2025 update adds several new elements, including: country-level historical emissions data; an interactive tool to explore international methane initiatives; and estimates of emissions from abandoned fossil fuel facilities. It also features a fully open-access model for exploring abatement options in the oil and gas sector.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  41. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/insights/2025/4/30/voters-reject-trumps-free-pass-to-polluters" target="_blank"&gt;Voters Reject Trump&amp;rsquo;s Free Pass to Polluters&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Jennifer Hadayia and Catherine Fraser,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Data for Progress&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  42. &lt;blockquote&gt;Trump has proposed rolling back 31 environmental regulations, including those that aim to cut pollution from cars and trucks and restrict emissions of mercury. Rolling back rules and allowing bad actors to further exceed their permit limits does not prioritize public health or public safety, especially in an already-lax regulatory environment. Voters are concerned. New polling finds that a majority of voters (68%) are concerned by these repeals. This includes 82% of Latino and 79% of Black voters &amp;mdash; highlighting how both the harms of and concerns around these environmental rollbacks often most impact people of color. The authors found that voters are particularly concerned about the impact of these rollbacks on human health, with a plurality of respondents (37%) saying that these impacts are their top concern, followed by 17% who say accelerated climate change impacts. Black voters are especially concerned about harms to human health as a result of these repeals, with 43% saying it is their top concern.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  43. &lt;h3&gt;119 articles in 51 journals by 779 contributing authors&lt;/h3&gt;
  44. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical science of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  45. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01061-5" target="_blank"&gt;Compound marine heatwaves and tropical cyclones delay the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon&lt;/a&gt;, Zhou et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Climate and Atmospheric Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41612-025-01061-5&lt;/p&gt;
  46. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0143.1" target="_blank"&gt;The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation&amp;rsquo;s Response to CO2 Increase: Assessing the Roles of Surface Flux and Oceanic Advection Feedbacks&lt;/a&gt;, Garuba et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0143.1&lt;/p&gt;
  47. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108188" target="_blank"&gt;The influence of cloud cover on elevation-dependent warming over the Tibetan Plateau from 1984 to 2022&lt;/a&gt;, Wu &amp;amp; Gao, &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108188&lt;/p&gt;
  48. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observations of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  49. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq6453" target="_blank"&gt;Coexposure to extreme heat, wildfire burn zones, and wildfire smoke in the Western US from 2006 to 2020&lt;/a&gt;, Hu et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq6453" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.adq6453&lt;/p&gt;
  50. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr7320" target="_blank"&gt;Emerging trans-Eurasian heatwave-drought train in a warming climate&lt;/a&gt;, Jeong et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr7320" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.adr7320&lt;/p&gt;
  51. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  52. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8889" target="_blank"&gt;Evidence of Heatwaves: Characteristics and Trends in Selected Ghanaian Cities&lt;/a&gt;, Wemegah et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1002/joc.8889&lt;/p&gt;
  53. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99621-5" target="_blank"&gt;Increasing frequency and spatial extent of cattle heat stress conditions in the Southern plains of the USA&lt;/a&gt;, Lee et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-99621-5&lt;/p&gt;
  54. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-250" target="_blank"&gt;Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence&lt;/a&gt;, Forster et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://www.research" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/678430/2/essd-16-2625-2024.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.5194/essd-2025-250&lt;/p&gt;
  55. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.017" target="_blank"&gt;Satellite observations reveal the impact of changing sea ice on wintertime surface turbulent fluxes over the Arctic Ocean&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.017" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.017&lt;/p&gt;
  56. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108195" target="_blank"&gt;The outstanding European and Mediterranean heatwave activity during summer 2022&lt;/a&gt;, Trigo et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108195" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108195&lt;/p&gt;
  57. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8793" target="_blank"&gt;Trends and Variability of Temperatures in the Eastern Province of Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;, Rwema et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8793" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8793&lt;/p&gt;
  58. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022172" target="_blank"&gt;Upwelling Variability in the Western South China Sea Associated With Global Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2024jc022172&lt;/p&gt;
  59. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  60. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113871" target="_blank"&gt;Abrupt Changes in the Subpolar North Atlantic and Their Impact on the Climate of the British Isles&lt;/a&gt;, Menary et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113871" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113871&lt;/p&gt;
  61. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-878" target="_blank"&gt;Characteristics and dynamics of extreme winters in the Barents Sea in a changing climate&lt;/a&gt;, Hartmuth et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/egusphere-2024-878&lt;/p&gt;
  62. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112717" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-Dependency of Impact of Increased Carbon Dioxide on African Monsoon Rainfall: Insights From Model Simulations&lt;/a&gt;, Shi et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112717" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl112717&lt;/p&gt;
  63. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8875" target="_blank"&gt;Extreme Cold Days and Spells in Northern Europe at 0.5&amp;deg;C&amp;ndash;2.0&amp;deg;C Global Warming Levels&lt;/a&gt;, Ruosteenoja &amp;amp; Jylh&amp;auml;, &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8875" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8875&lt;/p&gt;
  64. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4926779" target="_blank"&gt;Future projection of East Asian atmospheric rivers in high-resolution climate models&lt;/a&gt;, Kwon &amp;amp; Son, &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; 10.2139/ssrn.4926779&lt;/p&gt;
  65. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041558" target="_blank"&gt;Modeling the Impacts of Antarctic Sea Ice Decline: Responses of Atmospheric Dynamics&lt;/a&gt;, Ezber et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041558" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jd041558&lt;/p&gt;
  66. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114953" target="_blank"&gt;Robust Projections of Changing Precipitation Evenness in a Warming Climate&lt;/a&gt;, Hsu &amp;amp; Fueglistaler, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114953" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl114953&lt;/p&gt;
  67. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advancement of climate &amp;amp; climate effects modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  68. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank"&gt;An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 &amp;micro;m cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&amp;amp;cool&amp;amp;fort-1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, L&amp;oacute;pez-Puertas et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  69. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111895" target="_blank"&gt;Anomalously Warm European Summers Predicted More Accurately by Considering Sub-Decadal North Atlantic Ocean Heat Accumulation&lt;/a&gt;, Wallberg et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111895" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl111895&lt;/p&gt;
  70. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0153.1" target="_blank"&gt;Assessing the Spurious Impacts of Ice-Constraining Methods on the Climate Response to Sea Ice Loss Using an Idealized Aquaplanet GCM&lt;/a&gt;, Lewis et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.14304" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.14304" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0153.1&lt;/p&gt;
  71. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100757" target="_blank"&gt;Assessment of the marine heatwaves prediction performance of the short-term climate prediction system FIO-CPS v2.0&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Weather and Climate Extremes&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.wace.2025.100757&lt;/p&gt;
  72. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1550772" target="_blank"&gt;Constraining CMIP6 simulations for Atlantic Water in the Arctic using an AMOC-SST index&lt;/a&gt;, Devilliers et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1550772" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fclim.2025.1550772&lt;/p&gt;
  73. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101516" target="_blank"&gt;Uncertainty reduction in ENSO periodicity projection based on the Wyrtki index&lt;/a&gt;, Zhao &amp;amp; Lu, &lt;em&gt;Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101516&lt;/p&gt;
  74. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cryosphere &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  75. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59469-9" target="_blank"&gt;Enhanced subglacial discharge amplifies Petermann Ice Shelf melting when ocean thermal forcing saturates&lt;/a&gt;, Prakash et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59469-9&lt;/p&gt;
  76. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002" target="_blank"&gt;Global glacier albedo trends over 2000&amp;ndash;2022: Drivers and implications&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002&lt;/p&gt;
  77. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01066-0" target="_blank"&gt;Strong impact of the rare three-year La Ni&amp;ntilde;a event on Antarctic surface climate changes in 2021&amp;ndash;2023&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Climate and Atmospheric Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41612-025-01066-0&lt;/p&gt;
  78. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.014" target="_blank"&gt;The response of marginal snowpacks to climate warming&lt;/a&gt;, L&amp;oacute;pez Moreno et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.014" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.014&lt;/p&gt;
  79. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2025.2497245" target="_blank"&gt;The Role of Thermodynamics on Northern Labrador Sea Ice Trends and Variability&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmosphere&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2025.2497245" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/07055900.2025.2497245&lt;/p&gt;
  80. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114786" target="_blank"&gt;Tracking 35-year dynamics of retrogressive thaw slumps across permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau&lt;/a&gt;, Yang et al., &lt;em&gt;Remote Sensing of Environment&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114786&lt;/p&gt;
  81. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sea level &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  82. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021840" target="_blank"&gt;Robust Sea-Level Projections for Singapore by 2100 and 2150&lt;/a&gt;, Ng et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021840" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jc021840&lt;/p&gt;
  83. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paleoclimate &amp;amp; paleogeochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  84. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9417" target="_blank"&gt;Back to an ice-free future: Early Cretaceous seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature and glacier ice&lt;/a&gt;, He et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9417" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.adr9417&lt;/p&gt;
  85. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads4268" target="_blank"&gt;Vegetation feedbacks accelerated the late Miocene climate transition&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads4268" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.ads4268&lt;/p&gt;
  86. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biology &amp;amp; climate change, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  87. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-025-01791-4" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change increases biotic homogeneity and species alpha diversity in global forests&lt;/a&gt;, Peng et al., &lt;em&gt;European Journal of Forest Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1007/s10342-025-01791-4&lt;/p&gt;
  88. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70215" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-Induced Physiological Stress Drives Rainforest Mammal Population Declines&lt;/a&gt;, de la Fuente et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70215" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70215&lt;/p&gt;
  89. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70201" target="_blank"&gt;Consequences of the Collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for Europe's Forests Would be More Severe Than Those of a &amp;lsquo;Normal&amp;rsquo; Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, Wohlgemuth &amp;amp; Gessler, &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70201&lt;/p&gt;
  90. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008126" target="_blank"&gt;Evidence for the Coupling of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Biogeochemistry Under Climatic Stress in Pacific Northwest Grasslands&lt;/a&gt;, Bomfim et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2024jg008126&lt;/p&gt;
  91. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96605-3" target="_blank"&gt;Exposure of larval pinto abalone to ocean acidification and warming negatively impacts survival, settlement, and size&lt;/a&gt;, Bates et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-96605-3&lt;/p&gt;
  92. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70026" target="_blank"&gt;From Hot to Cold Spots: Climate Change is Projected to Modify Diversity Patterns of Small Mammals in a Biodiversity Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, Alves?Ferreira et al., &lt;em&gt;Diversity and Distributions&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70026" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/ddi.70026&lt;/p&gt;
  93. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70049" target="_blank"&gt;Global Patterns of Climatic Niche Evolution in Angiosperms&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Ecology and Biogeography&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/geb.70049&lt;/p&gt;
  94. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01853-8" target="_blank"&gt;Habitat suitability modeling of a nearly extinct rosewood species (Dalbergia odorifera) under current, and future climate conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Lai et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Forestry Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1007/s11676-025-01853-8&lt;/p&gt;
  95. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115692" target="_blank"&gt;Hurricanes Induced Irreversible Large-Scale Loss of Mangrove Forests&lt;/a&gt;, Liang et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115692" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115692&lt;/p&gt;
  96. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008468" target="_blank"&gt;Longer Ice-Free Conditions and Increased Run-Off From the Ice Sheet Will Impact Primary Production in Young Sound, Greenland&lt;/a&gt;, Maar et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008468" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jg008468&lt;/p&gt;
  97. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001492" target="_blank"&gt;Microclimate Refugia Are Transient in Stable Old Forests, Pacific Northwest, USA&lt;/a&gt;, Jones et al., &lt;em&gt;AGU Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001492" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024av001492&lt;/p&gt;
  98. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70119" target="_blank"&gt;Shorter and Warmer Winters Expand the Hibernation Area of Bats in Europe&lt;/a&gt;, Kravchenko et al., &lt;em&gt;Ecology Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70119" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/ele.70119&lt;/p&gt;
  99. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104839" target="_blank"&gt;Spatial variations in carbon dioxide fertilization effect on vegetation greening across the Tibetan Plateau&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Global and Planetary Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104839&lt;/p&gt;
  100. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.3053" target="_blank"&gt;Warmer temperatures reinforce negative land-use impacts on bees, but not on higher insect trophic levels&lt;/a&gt;, Ganuza et al., &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences&lt;/em&gt; 10.1098/rspb.2024.3053&lt;/p&gt;
  101. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GHG sources &amp;amp; sinks, flux, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  102. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591" target="_blank"&gt;A critical analysis of marine carbon sequestration opportunities in South Korea&lt;/a&gt;, Macreadie et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591&lt;/p&gt;
  103. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110594" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon sequestration capacity of a prairie pothole wetland under warm and dry conditions&lt;/a&gt;, Fernando et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110594&lt;/p&gt;
  104. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104864" target="_blank"&gt;Carbonate weathering-related carbon sink fluxes in Chinese Loess Plateau with rich carbonate content: Insights from three little catchments&lt;/a&gt;, Sun et al., &lt;em&gt;Global and Planetary Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104864&lt;/p&gt;
  105. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173117020.08316083/v1" target="_blank"&gt;CO2 Uptake in the Pacific From 1985 to 2018: A Comparative Assessment of Observation- and Model-Based Estimates&lt;/a&gt;, Ishii et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.173117020.08316083/v1" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.173117020.08316083/v1" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.22541/essoar.173117020.08316083/v1&lt;/p&gt;
  106. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70060" target="_blank"&gt;Drought decreases carbon flux but not transport speed of newly fixed carbon from leaves to sinks in a giant bamboo forest&lt;/a&gt;, Ge et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ecology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/1365-2745.70060&lt;/p&gt;
  107. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1565632" target="_blank"&gt;Exploration of the multi-scenario spatiotemporal evolution, trade-off and synergy relationships, and driving factors of ecosystem services in Henan Province, China, under the background of land use change&lt;/a&gt;, Sun et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1565632" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fevo.2025.1565632&lt;/p&gt;
  108. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59204-4" target="_blank"&gt;Global seagrass carbon stock variability and emissions from seagrass loss&lt;/a&gt;, Krause et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59204-4&lt;/p&gt;
  109. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110565" target="_blank"&gt;High water demand limits carbon sink and transpiration in tall forests during extreme drought in Southwest China&lt;/a&gt;, Xu et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110565&lt;/p&gt;
  110. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.005" target="_blank"&gt;Higher CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; production in permafrost while oxidation prevails in the active layer: Insights from a forest?wetland ecotone in Northeast China&lt;/a&gt;, Dong et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.005" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.005&lt;/p&gt;
  111. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt;Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&amp;amp;AVIM2.0&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001&lt;/p&gt;
  112. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110574" target="_blank"&gt;Temperature and moisture both control net methane uptake in a temperate forest soil&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110574&lt;/p&gt;
  113. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70223" target="_blank"&gt;Variations in Ecosystem-Scale Methane Fluxes Across a Boreal Mire Complex Assessed by a Network of Flux Towers&lt;/a&gt;, Noumonvi et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70223" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70223&lt;/p&gt;
  114. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CO2 capture, sequestration science &amp;amp; engineering&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  115. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591" target="_blank"&gt;A critical analysis of marine carbon sequestration opportunities in South Korea&lt;/a&gt;, Macreadie et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000591&lt;/p&gt;
  116. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02295-0" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon dioxide pipelines are disproportionally located in marginalized communities in the United States&lt;/a&gt;, Davis et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02295-0&lt;/p&gt;
  117. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2478288" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon markets for carbon dioxide removal&lt;/a&gt;, Johnstone et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2478288&lt;/p&gt;
  118. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02323-z" target="_blank"&gt;China&amp;rsquo;s naturally regenerated forests currently have greater aboveground carbon accumulation rates than newly planted forests&lt;/a&gt;, Cheng et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02323-z&lt;/p&gt;
  119. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59205-3" target="_blank"&gt;Long-term transformation in China&amp;rsquo;s steel sector for carbon capture and storage technology deployment&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59205-3&lt;/p&gt;
  120. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00111-y" target="_blank"&gt;Management approach matters: meeting seagrass recovery and carbon mitigation goals&lt;/a&gt;, Ward et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Ocean Sustainability&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s44183-025-00111-y&lt;/p&gt;
  121. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decarbonization&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  122. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697" target="_blank"&gt;Bridging the regulatory gap: A policy review of extended producer responsibility for power battery recycling in China&lt;/a&gt;, Yang et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy for Sustainable Development&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697&lt;/p&gt;
  123. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114663" target="_blank"&gt;Pathways to a sustainable energy future: A comparative case study of four Texas municipalities&lt;/a&gt;, Yang, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114663&lt;/p&gt;
  124. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geoengineering climate&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  125. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads0313" target="_blank"&gt;The potential of wastewater treatment on carbon storage through ocean alkalinity enhancement&lt;/a&gt;, Zheng et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads0313" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.ads0313&lt;/p&gt;
  126. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change communications &amp;amp; cognition&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  127. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104086" target="_blank"&gt;China's Climate Grand Propaganda on Social Media and Mass Media: Evidence from Twitter and State Newspapers&lt;/a&gt;, Liu, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104086&lt;/p&gt;
  128. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102595" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Anxiety in the United Kingdom: Associations with Environmentally Relevant Behavioural Intentions, and the Moderating Role of Efficacy&lt;/a&gt;, Roberts et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Environmental Psychology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102595&lt;/p&gt;
  129. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70009" target="_blank"&gt;Photovoice: A Promising Method for Capturing and Responding to Climate Change?&lt;/a&gt;, Bagge?Petersen et al., &lt;em&gt;WIREs Climate Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70009" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/wcc.70009&lt;/p&gt;
  130. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102996" target="_blank"&gt;Science and science communication of anthropogenic climate change and extreme weather-related events: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Alpha Road/Tambaroora bushfire in Australia, 2023&lt;/a&gt;, McManus, &lt;em&gt;Global Environmental Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102996" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102996&lt;/p&gt;
  131. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000541" target="_blank"&gt;The role of science in the climate change discussions on Reddit&lt;/a&gt;, Cornale et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000541" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000541&lt;/p&gt;
  132. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  133. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70216" target="_blank"&gt;Harnessing Microbes to Weather Native Silicates in Agricultural Soils for Scalable Carbon Dioxide Removal&lt;/a&gt;, Timmermann et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70216" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70216&lt;/p&gt;
  134. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99621-5" target="_blank"&gt;Increasing frequency and spatial extent of cattle heat stress conditions in the Southern plains of the USA&lt;/a&gt;, Lee et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-99621-5&lt;/p&gt;
  135. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110557" target="_blank"&gt;Metrics of plant response to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Enrichment&lt;/a&gt;, Allen et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110557" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110557&lt;/p&gt;
  136. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank"&gt;Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&amp;amp;v1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, Han et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  137. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100709" target="_blank"&gt;The role of entrepreneurial orientation on farmer&amp;rsquo;s adoption of crop diversification under climate change: Evidence from rural Pakistan&lt;/a&gt;, Abbas et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100709" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100709&lt;/p&gt;
  138. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870" target="_blank"&gt;The role of transaction costs for the optimal supply of carbon sequestration from cover crops in Denmark&lt;/a&gt;, Karpavicius et al., &lt;em&gt;Carbon Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/17583004.2025.2497870&lt;/p&gt;
  139. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hydrology, hydrometeorology &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  140. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005064" target="_blank"&gt;Assessing the Effect of Glacier Runoff Changes on Basin Runoff and Agricultural Production in the Indus, Amu Darya, and Tarim Interior Basins&lt;/a&gt;, Calvo?Gallardo et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005064" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005064&lt;/p&gt;
  141. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02303-3" target="_blank"&gt;Groundwater dominates snowmelt runoff and controls streamflow efficiency in the western United States&lt;/a&gt;, Brooks et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02303-3&lt;/p&gt;
  142. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101558" target="_blank"&gt;Monsoon Dynamics and Future Projections in the Himalaya: Insights into Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Level Pressure Relationships, and Future Flood Risks&lt;/a&gt;, Shekhar et al., &lt;em&gt;Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101558&lt;/p&gt;
  143. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116146" target="_blank"&gt;Radial Rainfall Pattern Changes of Intense Over-Ocean Tropical Cyclones Under Global Warming: Insights From an MRI HighRes CMIP6 Simulation&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116146" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl116146&lt;/p&gt;
  144. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8885" target="_blank"&gt;Trend Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Indices and Climate Oscillations Over the Yucatan Peninsula for the Period 1980&amp;ndash;2010&lt;/a&gt;, Rodr&amp;iacute;guez?Gonz&amp;aacute;lez &amp;amp; Cerezo?Mota, &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8885" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8885&lt;/p&gt;
  145. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change economics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  146. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5417521/v1" target="_blank"&gt;High-income groups disproportionately contribute to climate extremes worldwide&lt;/a&gt;, Schoengart et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5417521/latest.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5417521/v1&lt;/p&gt;
  147. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114654" target="_blank"&gt;Scaling up renewables without phasing down fossil fuels? Rethinking the role of financial globalization&lt;/a&gt;, Ly, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114654&lt;/p&gt;
  148. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59466-y" target="_blank"&gt;Urban and non-urban contributions to the social cost of carbon&lt;/a&gt;, Estrada et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59466-y&lt;/p&gt;
  149. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change mitigation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  150. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114658" target="_blank"&gt;A tale of two (un)Just Transitions: the end of the coal-fired power plants in Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, Moreira, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114658" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114658&lt;/p&gt;
  151. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2499606" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon offsetting in city climate action: role, determinants and characteristics&lt;/a&gt;, Chappell et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2499606" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2499606&lt;/p&gt;
  152. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104092" target="_blank"&gt;Drivers, barriers and policy options to renewable energy development in Native American communities: A systematic review&lt;/a&gt;, Nsude et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104092&lt;/p&gt;
  153. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104046" target="_blank"&gt;Green energy in grey areas: The financial and policy challenges of Kazakhstan's energy transition&lt;/a&gt;, Zhakiyev et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104046&lt;/p&gt;
  154. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104070" target="_blank"&gt;Just sortition, communitarian deliberation: Two proposals for grounded climate assemblies&lt;/a&gt;, Curato et al., &lt;em&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104070&lt;/p&gt;
  155. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104101" target="_blank"&gt;Policies shaping energy transitions in ports and harbours: A 'whole systems' perspective from Norway&lt;/a&gt;, Damman et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104101" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104101&lt;/p&gt;
  156. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114624" target="_blank"&gt;Policy relevant lessons from research on renewable energy auctions&lt;/a&gt;, Anatolitis et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114624" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114624&lt;/p&gt;
  157. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104094" target="_blank"&gt;That's none of my business: A holistic framework for evaluating corporate decarbonization at the core business&lt;/a&gt;, Frisch et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104094" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104094&lt;/p&gt;
  158. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104093" target="_blank"&gt;The gap between discourse and action in the United Kingdom: Exploring the weakness of climate action in the post-COVID political space&lt;/a&gt;, Stephenson &amp;amp; Allwood, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104093" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104093&lt;/p&gt;
  159. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01556-2" target="_blank"&gt;Trading off regional and overall energy system design flexibility in the net-zero transition&lt;/a&gt;, van Greevenbroek et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Sustainability&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11264" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11264" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.1038/s41893-025-01556-2&lt;/p&gt;
  160. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change adaptation &amp;amp; adaptation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  161. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102421" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change adaptation in cities: Enhancement of pedestrian thermal comfort using afforestation and greening buildings&lt;/a&gt;, Atawneh &amp;amp; Alqadi, &lt;em&gt;Urban Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102421&lt;/p&gt;
  162. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102400" target="_blank"&gt;Climate sensitive designs for policy makers: How LES model resolution affects accuracy in capturing urban micro-scale weather during heatwaves&lt;/a&gt;, Sungur et al., &lt;em&gt;Urban Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102400" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102400&lt;/p&gt;
  163. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70008" target="_blank"&gt;Four Principles of Transformative Adaptation to Climate Change-Exacerbated Hazards in Informal Settlements&lt;/a&gt;, Howard et al., &lt;em&gt;WIREs Climate Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70008" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/wcc.70008&lt;/p&gt;
  164. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.002" target="_blank"&gt;Future climatic risks faced by the Beautiful China Initiative: A&amp;nbsp;perspective&amp;nbsp;for 2035 and 2050&lt;/a&gt;, Ma et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.002" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.002&lt;/p&gt;
  165. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104064" target="_blank"&gt;How consistent are adaptation strategies with ongoing climatic and environmental changes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A systematic review&lt;/a&gt;, Vo et al., &lt;em&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104064" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104064&lt;/p&gt;
  166. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1504043" target="_blank"&gt;Resilience investments under climate change: a regional case study in Southeast Australia&lt;/a&gt;, Box et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1504043" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1504043&lt;/p&gt;
  167. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-025-01777-2" target="_blank"&gt;Water management: global differences and similarities in guidelines for forest road design and potentials for climate change adaptation&lt;/a&gt;, Pohle &amp;amp; Jaeger, &lt;em&gt;European Journal of Forest Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1007/s10342-025-01777-2&lt;/p&gt;
  168. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104076" target="_blank"&gt;Why history matters to planning: Climate change, colonialism &amp;amp; maladaptation&lt;/a&gt;, Kehler &amp;amp; Birchall , &lt;em&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104076" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104076&lt;/p&gt;
  169. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change impacts on human health&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  170. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02314-0" target="_blank"&gt;Anthropogenic climate change contributes to wildfire particulate matter and related mortality in the United States&lt;/a&gt;, Law et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02314-0&lt;/p&gt;
  171. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.11.002" target="_blank"&gt;Cognitive decline in relation to later-life high temperature exposure in a Chinese nationwide cohort&lt;/a&gt;, Huang et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.11.002" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2024.11.002&lt;/p&gt;
  172. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384" target="_blank"&gt;Mitigating urban heat stress through green infrastructure: A climate service approach&lt;/a&gt;, Oukawa et al., &lt;em&gt;Urban Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102384&lt;/p&gt;
  173. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change &amp;amp; geopolitics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  174. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114622" target="_blank"&gt;Raw material demand and geopolitical risk in carbon-neutral futures&lt;/a&gt;, Naegler et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114622" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114622&lt;/p&gt;
  175. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Informed opinion, nudges &amp;amp; major initiatives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  176. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101741" target="_blank"&gt;30 years of Energy for Sustainable Development: A bibliometric overview&lt;/a&gt;, Amirbagheri et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy for Sustainable Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101741" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101741&lt;/p&gt;
  177. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100766" target="_blank"&gt;Editorial: Australia's Tinderbox Drought&lt;/a&gt;, Evans &amp;amp; Abram, &lt;em&gt;Weather and Climate Extremes&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100766" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.wace.2025.100766&lt;/p&gt;
  178. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005719" target="_blank"&gt;The Case for the Anthropocene Epoch Is Stronger Than the Case for the Holocene Epoch&lt;/a&gt;, Skelton &amp;amp; Noone, &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005719" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005719&lt;/p&gt;
  179. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx5458" target="_blank"&gt;The post-truth era and how science education keeps ignoring it&lt;/a&gt;, Erduran, &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1126/science.adx5458&lt;/p&gt;
  180. &lt;hr /&gt;
  181. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="gov-ngo"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change&lt;/h3&gt;
  182. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Scientific-report-Korea-wildfires.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change made weather conditions leading to deadly South Korean wildfires about twice as likely&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Barnes et al., &lt;strong&gt;World Weather Attribution&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  183. &lt;blockquote&gt;More than a dozen fires broke out on March 22nd and 23rd and spread rapidly over the following days. More than 48,000 hectares burned &amp;ndash; over 20,000 hectares more than the second most devastating wildfires, in April 2022, and more than ten times the annual average burnt area. Even in today&amp;rsquo;s climate, that has warmed by 1.3&amp;deg;C due primarily to the burning of fossil fuels, the combination of high temperatures, low humidity and high wind speeds (HDWI) observed over the 5 days following March 22nd, when the fires broke out, was very unusual. In the current climate they are expected on average about once every 300 years. However, independent of how the HDWI is calculated, based on weather observations, the event would have been extremely rare if the climate had not warmed and the intensity of the peak 2025 March HDWI is about 25% more intense in today&amp;rsquo;s climate compared to the cooler pre-industrial climate.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  184. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://green-alliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/The-impact-of-nature-loss-and-climate-change-on-the-cost-of-living.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;The impact of nature loss and climate change on the cost of living&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Green Allaince&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  185. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors reveal how climate change and nature loss are directly increasing annual household costs by &amp;pound;233.49 across England through higher insurance premiums, water bills and food prices. These rising costs stem from problems that can in part be addressed by managing land differently so that it does more to protect communities from flooding, and food supplies from climate change. he authors show that the government&amp;rsquo;s Environmental Land Management scheme is central to tackling these challenges and call for its budget to be boosted in the upcoming spending review.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  186. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://rmi.org/seizing-the-industrial-carbon-removal-opportunity/" target="_blank"&gt;Seizing the Industrial Carbon Removal Opportunity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Maesano et al., &lt;strong&gt;RMI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  187. &lt;blockquote&gt;The imperative for existing industries to integrate carbon removal into their operations is no longer solely an environmental consideration; it is a strategic opportunity for long-term commercial success and resilience in a rapidly changing world. The authors underscore that the dual forces of commercial opportunity and emissions urgency are converging, creating a pivotal moment for industry leaders to act decisively.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  188. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/insights/2025/4/30/voters-reject-trumps-free-pass-to-polluters" target="_blank"&gt;Voters Reject Trump&amp;rsquo;s Free Pass to Polluters&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Jennifer Hadayia and Catherine Fraser, &lt;strong&gt;Data for Progress&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  189. &lt;blockquote&gt;Trump has proposed rolling back 31 environmental regulations, including those that aim to cut pollution from cars and trucks and restrict emissions of mercury. Rolling back rules and allowing bad actors to further exceed their permit limits does not prioritize public health or public safety, especially in an already-lax regulatory environment. Voters are concerned. New polling finds that a majority of voters (68%) are concerned by these repeals. This includes 82% of Latino and 79% of Black voters &amp;mdash; highlighting how both the harms of and concerns around these environmental rollbacks often most impact people of color. The authors found that voters are particularly concerned about the impact of these rollbacks on human health, with a plurality of respondents (37%) saying that these impacts are their top concern, followed by 17% who say accelerated climate change impacts. Black voters are especially concerned about harms to human health as a result of these repeals, with 43% saying it is their top concern.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  190. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Progress-in-adapting-to-climate-change-2025-1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Progress in adapting to climate change: 2025 report to Parliament&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Brown et al., &lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Committee&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  191. &lt;blockquote&gt;The increasing impacts of climate change are clear, both globally and in the UK. Adaptation is needed now to ensure that the UK is prepared for today&amp;rsquo;s extreme weather as well as the rapidly increasing severity of future risks. The costs of these impacts are already being felt, and the risks will continue to grow even if international targets to limit global warming are met. Action is needed now whilst we still have the opportunity to address these risks in a way that is both cost-effective and timely. The authors assess the extent to which the UK&amp;rsquo;s Third National Adaptation Programme (NAP3) and its implementation are preparing the UK for climate change. It is the Committee&amp;rsquo;s first statutory progress report on NAP3 and builds on the initial Independent Assessment of the Third National Adaptation Programme, published in March 2024. It is also the Committee&amp;rsquo;s first statutory progress report on NAP3 for the new UK Government.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  192. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.flipbookpdf.net/web/files/uploads/c0c2b77e505352b90015ee6707dc0c6357b93828FBP31390135.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Delaware Value of Solar: A Study of the Costs and Benefits of Net Metering&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Gabel Associates, &lt;strong&gt;Delaware Sustainable Energy Utility&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  193. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors evaluate the costs and benefits of behind-the-meter solar and net metering in Delaware. One of the principal arguments used by critics of continuing net metering is an allegation that it provides a subsidy to customers who have solar projects installed on their home or business at the expense of customers who do not. To determine whether such a subsidy exists, it is necessary to consider whether the benefits of net metered solar energy exceed the cost of paying the retail net metering credit. As with any product or service, if the benefits realized by all other users of the system exceed the costs, there is no subsidy. The authors address this issue by carefully assessing the value of net metering relative to the value that solar energy provides: a) to the grid and all customers attached to the grid (entitled &amp;ldquo;direct benefits&amp;rdquo;); and b) broader benefits provided to all residents of Delaware (entitled &amp;ldquo;societal benefits&amp;rdquo;). Direct benefits accrue to all ratepayers and include lower costs due to reduced fossil fuel-based power generation and the avoidance of forward-looking transmission and distribution expenditures. Societal benefits accrue to the public at large and are not reflected in customer rates. This includes environmental and health benefits from reduced emissions as well as economic benefits from increased jobs, consumer spending, and tax revenues caused by investments in solar capacity. Additionally, net metered solar supports the overall reliability and resiliency of Delaware&amp;rsquo;s power grid, helping the economy and avoiding the potential health and safety harms of blackouts.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  194. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://climatepower.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/April-2025-Clean-Energy-Jobs-Report.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;The State of Clean Energy Jobs&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Power&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  195. &lt;blockquote&gt;In just two years, clean energy incentives sparked a historic surge in U.S. factory construction and created over 400,000 new jobs. Now, though, President Trump is moving quickly to dismantle key parts of the sector, which would crush this U.S. manufacturing renaissance, raise energy costs, and stile American innovation with impacts reaching decades into the future. Across all clean energy companies, over 60,000 jobs have already been threatened or lost since Trump&amp;rsquo;s election. Even companies that publicly announced new jobs following the clean energy investments of 2022 are now seeing growth reverse, with new job numbers falling from 406,000 at the end of last year to 399,000 by the end of the first quarter of 2025. In fact, it marked the first quarter since the summer of 2022 that clean energy job creation declined, ending two and a half years of consistent job growth. Already, the record level of factory construction investment driven by clean energy since 2022 has turned down sharply under Trump.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  196. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.maplecroft.com/products-and-solutions/climate-and-environment/insights/$1.14-trillion-in-corporate-value-located-in-countries-most-at-risk-from-climate-upheaval/" target="_blank"&gt;$1.14 trillion in corporate value located in countries most at risk from climate upheaval&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Jess Middleton and John Babalola, &lt;strong&gt;Maplecroft&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  197. &lt;blockquote&gt;Up to USD1.14 trillion in corporate value linked to companies in the world&amp;rsquo;s five largest stock markets is located in countries expected to experience the greatest socio-economic impacts from climate change. Second-order climate risks, such as economic and political instability, poverty, migration and food insecurity could become highly impactful in 48 countries by 2050. In an intermediate emissions scenario, where average global temperatures are likely to rise by up to 2.7&amp;deg;C, the number of countries that are most vulnerable to climate change doubles by mid-century, up from 24 in the current climate. Based on the current locations of assets and market capitalization valuations, there will be a dramatic increase in the financial exposure of companies and investors in the S&amp;amp;P 500, DAX, CAC 40, Nikkei 225 and FTSE 100 from the current level of just USD34.8 billion.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  198. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://cms-assets.offset.earth/app/uploads/20250428124112/Ecologi_Whitepaper_A4.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Setting the standard. Ecologi&amp;rsquo;s industry-leading carbon project assessment framework&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Jackson et al., &lt;strong&gt;Ecologi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  199. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors provide an outline of a process to assess and select projects which can be funded by customers. The assessment has three levels: Standard-level, Methodology- (or &amp;lsquo;Protocol-&amp;rsquo;) level, and Project-level. Six due diligence principles underpin the assessment process and govern behavior in the voluntary carbon market. These include, for example, keeping the life-cycle of a carbon credit short &amp;ndash; to ensure the maximum amount of carbon credit funding as possible goes back to the local community. The full assessment process includes three steps: initial screening, full project scoring, and project labeling. Project-level scores involve an assessment of the project across three pillars &amp;ndash; its impacts on Climate, Nature and People &amp;ndash; and two dimensions: quality and risk.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  200. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/04/Slidepack-Energy-Security-in-an-Insecure-World.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Energy Security in an Insecure World&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Bond et al., &lt;strong&gt;Ember&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  201. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors examine the fossil fuel import dependency that built up during the Pax Americana and analyses its implications in today&amp;rsquo;s new geopolitical environment. The analysis draws upon data from the International Energy Agency&amp;rsquo;s World Energy Balance database. The new security strategy is electrotech. Prudent nations are pursuing a two-pronged strategy: shifting energy supply to local renewables and directing energy use toward domestically generated electricity. With renewable potential 120 times greater than fossil fuels&amp;mdash;and available everywhere&amp;mdash;energy independence is within reach for every nation.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  202. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.agora-energiewende.org/fileadmin/Projekte/2025/2024-27_EN_EW_Flex-Assessment/A-EW_365_PST_Flex_Assessment_WEB-1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Making the most of green electricity. Key principles for identifying flexibility gaps in the power system&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Consentec GmbH, &lt;strong&gt;Agora Energiewende&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  203. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors provide recommendations maximizing the use of available decarbonized electricity &amp;ndash; provided it remains cost-efficient. If well-designed, Flexibility Needs Assessments can form the basis for policy measures that address market barriers and unlock investment in flexibility solutions &amp;ndash; accelerating decoupling from fossil fuels and lowering power system costs.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  204. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/climate-change/action/cleanbc/2024_climate_change_accountability_report.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;2024, Climate Change Accountability Report&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Province of British Columbia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  205. &lt;blockquote&gt;The report provides the most recent data on British Columbia&amp;rsquo;s (B.C.) progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, along with projections of where the province could stand in 2030, based on historical data and energy-economy modelling. B.C.&amp;rsquo;s current policy landscape doesd not allow the 2030 targets to be met. However, the province is reducing emissions intensity as we grow a cleaner economy. Measures, such as the zero-carbon building code, biofuel blending and heat-pump adoption, will support additional emissions reductions by 2030 and beyond.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  206. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/349b7eb2-9f26-443a-b191-1f1616955758/GlobalMethaneTracker2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Global Methane Tracker 2025&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International Energy Agency&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  207. &lt;blockquote&gt;Methane is responsible for around 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution, and rapid and sustained reductions in methane emissions are key to limiting near-term global warming and improving air quality. The energy sector &amp;ndash; including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy &amp;ndash; accounts for more than 35% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker is an essential tool for raising awareness about methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down. The Tracker presents the latest sector-wide emissions estimates &amp;ndash; based on the most recent data from satellites and measurement campaigns &amp;ndash; and discusses different abatement options along with their associated costs. This 2025 update adds several new elements, including: country-level historical emissions data; an interactive tool to explore international methane initiatives; and estimates of emissions from abandoned fossil fuel facilities. It also features a fully open-access model for exploring abatement options in the oil and gas sector.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  208. &lt;hr /&gt;
  209. &lt;h3&gt;About &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  210. &lt;p&gt;Click &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/About_Skeptical_Science_New_Research.shtml"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the why and how of Skeptical Science &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  211. &lt;h3&gt;Suggestions&lt;/h3&gt;
  212. &lt;p&gt;Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php"&gt;contact form&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  213. &lt;h3&gt;Previous edition&lt;/h3&gt;
  214. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_18.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  215. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_19.html</link>
  216. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_19.html</guid>
  217. <pubDate>Thu, 8 May 2025 15:17:18 EST</pubDate>
  218. </item>  <item>
  219. <title>World’s cargo ships to pay more for dirty fuel under new rules</title>
  220. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/04/worlds-cargo-ships-to-pay-more-for-dirty-fuel-under-new-rules/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Bob Henson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  221. &lt;p class="has-drop-cap"&gt;Alandmark policy crafted in April by members of the U.N.&amp;rsquo;s International Maritime Organization, or IMO, will tax international shippers based on the carbon content of their fuels. The draft policy is due to be finalized in late 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
  222. &lt;p&gt;The agreement that emerged from the 83rd meeting of the IMO&amp;rsquo;s Marine Environment Protection Committee was undeniably a compromise &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;critiqued by activists and oil-rich nations alike. Yet it&amp;rsquo;s also undeniably historic.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/IMO-approves-netzero-regulations.aspx"&gt;As the organization put it&lt;/a&gt;, &amp;ldquo;The IMO Net-zero Framework is the?first in the world to combine mandatory emissions limits and [greenhouse gas] pricing across an entire industry sector.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  223. &lt;p&gt;Key measures of the approved draft include:&lt;/p&gt;
  224. &lt;ul class="wp-block-list"&gt;
  225. &lt;li&gt;A fee of $100 per metric ton on emissions surpassing a threshold that will&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-nations-agree-carbon-pricing-system-to-steer-shipping-towards-net-zero/"&gt;ratchet up each year&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for carbon intensity (based on greenhouse gas emissions per mile and per unit of cargo capacity), with the fee rising to $380 per metric ton beyond a higher threshold.&lt;/li&gt;
  226. &lt;/ul&gt;
  227. &lt;ul class="wp-block-list"&gt;
  228. &lt;li&gt;A system that allows ships to &amp;ldquo;earn&amp;rdquo; carbon credits and trade them with other ships. Credits can be earned by using lower-emission fuel and/or contributing to a fund that will support low-carbon research, infrastructure, tech transfer, and capacity building, as well as help reduce harm to vulnerable states.&lt;/li&gt;
  229. &lt;/ul&gt;
  230. &lt;p&gt;The IMO&amp;rsquo;s overall emission reduction strategy, launched in 2018 and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/2023-IMO-Strategy-on-Reduction-of-GHG-Emissions-from-Ships.aspx"&gt;updated in 2023&lt;/a&gt;, envisions reducing fuel intensity by 40% by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions from international shipping by around 2050.&lt;/p&gt;
  231. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="wp-image-128882 perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=974%2C525&amp;amp;ssl=1" alt="A crowded meeting room with many rows of desks, where people wearing formal business clothes are seated. Many of them wear headphones, presumably for language interpretation. " width="550" height="296" data-recalc-dims="1" data-src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=974%2C525&amp;amp;ssl=1" data-srcset="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?w=974&amp;amp;ssl=1 974w, https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=300%2C162&amp;amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=768%2C414&amp;amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=780%2C420&amp;amp;ssl=1 780w, https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?resize=400%2C216&amp;amp;ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/0425_IMO-MEPC-83rd-opening-54435142127_56031d33c5_k.jpg?w=370&amp;amp;ssl=1 370w" data-sizes="(max-width: 974px) 100vw, 974px" data-ll-status="loaded" /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Members of the International Maritime Organization assemble for the opening of the 83rd meeting of IMO&amp;rsquo;s Marine Environment Protection Group on April 7, 2025, in London, England. (Image credit: I&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/imo-un/54435142127/in/album-72177720324935338"&gt;MO/MEPG&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;via Flickr,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en"&gt;CC-BY-2.0&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  232. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  233. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Wrangling a first-ever agreement amid stark differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
  234. &lt;p&gt;A total of 63 IMO members voted for the new carbon-levy agreement and 16 against, with 24 abstaining. Those opposed included the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Venezuela, the United Arab Emirates, and other major fossil-fuel producers,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://earth.org/worlds-first-carbon-levy-on-shipping-falls-short-of-industrys-climate-targets/"&gt;as reported by earth.org&lt;/a&gt;. Regardless of their votes, all 108 parties to a 1973 shipping pollution agreement known as MARPOL Annex VI &amp;ndash; which together represent some 97% of the world&amp;rsquo;s merchant shipping fleet by tonnage &amp;ndash; must adhere to any new agreements under it, including the carbon levy soon to be added.&lt;/p&gt;
  235. &lt;p&gt;The United States apparently pulled out of negotiations because of the &amp;ldquo;redistributional&amp;rdquo; aspects of the proposed IMO Net-Zero fund,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20xxv22wl9o"&gt;according to the BBC&lt;/a&gt;. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/us-exits-carbon-talks-shipping-urges-others-follow-document-2025-04-09/"&gt;reported by Reuters&lt;/a&gt;, a U.S. memo sent to ambassadors stated, &amp;ldquo;The U.S. rejects any and all efforts to impose economic measures against its ships based on [greenhouse gas] emissions or fuel choice.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  236. &lt;p&gt;Although the United States had the second-largest amount of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_container_port_traffic"&gt;container port traffic&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of any nation on Earth in 2022 &amp;ndash; almost twice as much as any other country after China &amp;ndash; nearly all of the carbon levies under the new agreement would be assessed by other nations. That&amp;rsquo;s because&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20xxv22wl9o"&gt;only about 0.5%&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the world&amp;rsquo;s cargo by tonnage is delivered by U.S.-flagged ships, meaning those registered in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
  237. &lt;p&gt;In the lead-up to negotiations, a group of small island states and allies pushed hard for a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://mcstrmi.org/breaking-stories/crunch-time-for-climate-action-fossil-fuels-or-a-1-5c-future/"&gt;flat tax of $150 per ton&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of carbon-dioxide-equivalent emissions. Leaders from those vulnerable nations decried the eventual compromise draft as insufficient to meet the moment. They included Hilton Kendall, minister of transportation, communication, and information technology for the Marshall Islands.&lt;/p&gt;
  238. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;We couldn&amp;rsquo;t take home the outcome that was given to us as a take-or-leave option &amp;ndash; with rich countries asking us to pay for their technological transition while leaving us behind,&amp;rdquo; Kendall said in a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://mcstrmi.org/breaking-stories/island-ministers-abstain-in-vote-on-weak-deal-on-emissions-pricing-at-international-maritime-organization/"&gt;joint statement&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;from several island states&lt;em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;ldquo;We were fighting not only for our countries&amp;rsquo; economic interests, but also for the safety of our people and our homes.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  239. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Patching a hole left in the Paris Agreement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
  240. &lt;p&gt;The voluntary nation-by-nation goals for emission reduction that are submitted every five years via the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement"&gt;Paris Agreement&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;don&amp;rsquo;t include international shipping or international aviation. Both sectors, given their complex boundary-crossing natures, were explicitly excluded from the 2015 agreement.&lt;/p&gt;
  241. &lt;p&gt;International shipping and aviation each make up about 3% of the world&amp;rsquo;s annual human-produced carbon dioxide emissions. Though seemingly modest, both those percentages are rising over time. And large-scale shipping and aviation, with their reliance on hulking modes of transport that journey far from power sources, are more challenging to decarbonize than, for example, homes or vehicles, where low or net-zero carbon technologies already exist.&lt;/p&gt;
  242. &lt;p&gt;In 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/"&gt;Sixth Assessment Report&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;said that some model scenarios show carbon dioxide emissions from transport, including road vehicles as well as trains, shipping, and aviation, could grow by anywhere from 16% to 50% by 2050. Already, shipping volumes have more than doubled since the 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;
  243. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;The urgency of implementing measures for reducing emissions is considered to be high, considering the lifetime of vessels is typically 20 years, if not more,&amp;rdquo; the report noted.&lt;/p&gt;
  244. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://staffportal.curtin.edu.au/staff/profile/view/peter-newman-b7998b46/"&gt;Peter Newman&lt;/a&gt;, a professor of sustainability at Australia&amp;rsquo;s Curtin University, was one of three coordinating lead authors for the transport chapter of the IPCC&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-3/"&gt;Working Group III&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;report. In an email, Newman expressed concern about what the chapter referred to as &amp;ldquo;minimal commitment to new technologies&amp;rdquo; within the shipping and aviation sectors.&lt;/p&gt;
  245. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;Most of the people I respect in the international transport space say that the IMO and ICAO [International Civil Aviation Organization] are doing as little as possible and are trying to make it look like they are doing a lot,&amp;rdquo; Newman said. &amp;ldquo;They have not been funding the kind of R&amp;amp;D that was done on land transport. I think they are not doing nearly enough to help avert a major global climate crisis.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  246. &lt;p&gt;More than 30 institutions that finance more than 80% of global shipping are signatories to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.poseidonprinciples.org/finance/about/"&gt;Poseidon Principles&lt;/a&gt;, which call for assessing and disclosing how closely the financial infrastructure of shipping is in line with adopted climate goals. &amp;ldquo;The setting of a global levy on international shipping&amp;rsquo;s emissions is a historic event,&amp;rdquo; said Poseidon Principles chair Michael Parker in a press statement. Acknowledging that the draft IMO agreement is &amp;ldquo;disappointing to many,&amp;rdquo; Parker added, &amp;ldquo;it will set in process a framework and methodology that can be built upon.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  247. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;The shipping sector&amp;rsquo;s first binding emissions targets are laudable, but not enough to drive needed investments,&amp;rdquo; said the nonprofit Global Maritime Forum in a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://globalmaritimeforum.org/news/imo-reaches-agreement-but-more-needed-to-unlock-future-fuels/"&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;ldquo;Uncertainties remain, as future revisions may be needed to ensure the zero-emission goals are met. National governments need to step up to bridge the cost difference between fossil and e-fuels, support the development of required infrastructure and fuel production, and ensure that more is done to promote the transition in the Global South.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  248. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;How can shipping get more climate-friendly?&lt;/h4&gt;
  249. &lt;p&gt;Traditional bunker fuel, the type used for most long-haul cargo shipping, is a dense, high-carbon form of oil. Over the last few years, the IMO has been clamping down on aerosol pollution from such fuels. In fact,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-low-sulphur-shipping-rules-are-affecting-global-warming/"&gt;tightened restrictions on sun-blocking sulfate emissions&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that went into effect in 2020&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/13681/2024/"&gt;may have given a slight nudge&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;to dramatic ocean warming observed in the last several years, especially in the North Atlantic.&lt;/p&gt;
  250. &lt;p&gt;The IMO&amp;rsquo;s 2023 emission reduction strategy calls for &amp;ldquo;zero- or near-zero greenhouse-gas emission technology, fuels, and/or energy sources&amp;rdquo; to represent at least 5%, and ideally 10%, of the energy used by 2030 in international shipping.&lt;/p&gt;
  251. &lt;p&gt;Much research has gone into lower-carbon options for shipping fuel, including biofuel. But any large-scale ramp-up of biofuel could either put pressure on its existing users (such as motor vehicles that burn ethanol) or could trigger expansion of the vast monoculture farms that grow corn and other biofuel crops.&lt;/p&gt;
  252. &lt;p&gt;The other major research focus has been on ammonia, which can be produced from hydrogen and nitrogen and compressed into dense liquid form. Later this year, two parallel efforts in Denmark and Switzerland will launch and test the world&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/sailing-into-history-ammonia-engines-to-hit-the-water-in-2025-83846"&gt;first ammonia-powered oceangoing ships&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  253. &lt;p&gt;Since ammonia is a carbon-free substance that can be produced by renewable energy (making it &amp;ldquo;&lt;a href="https://royalsociety.org/news-resources/projects/low-carbon-energy-programme/green-ammonia/"&gt;green ammonia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;rdquo;), ammonia-based shipping could be a close-to-net-zero process, apart from the relatively small amounts of pilot fuel required for ignition. However, liquefied ammonia is only about a third as dense as the marine gas now used for a small fraction of shipping, so storage and range would be a challenge &amp;ndash; and complicated further by ammonia&amp;rsquo;s toxic and corrosive qualities. Catalytic converters would also be needed to capture the nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxides spewed out by ammonia-powered engines.&lt;/p&gt;
  254. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;There&amp;rsquo;s still a huge cost gap between the fossil fuels and the zero-emission fuels and we need to close this gap,&amp;rdquo; Refke Gunnewijk, who manages clean industry &amp;amp; transport at the Port of Rotterdam,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20xxv22wl9o"&gt;told the BBC&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;ldquo;So you need carrots and sticks and in shipping the stick is not that big yet to use sustainable fuels.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  255. &lt;p&gt;In the meantime, many ships are being retrofitted to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X25001638"&gt;use today&amp;rsquo;s fuels more efficiently&lt;/a&gt;. Tweaks such as optimizing ship contours and using onboard wind and solar power to boost propulsion could decrease emissions by as much as 40%, the IPCC reported. In fact, the average carbon intensity of cargo ships has already dropped by 30% to 40% over the past 15 years, according to the IMO. Still, that hasn&amp;rsquo;t been enough to outweigh the sheer increase in cargo volumes.&lt;/p&gt;
  256. &lt;p&gt;There&amp;rsquo;s also a major push to establish green shipping corridors, where the use of zero-emission ships could help generate attention and ambition. Along these lines, the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cop-26-clydebank-declaration-for-green-shipping-corridors/cop-26-clydebank-declaration-for-green-shipping-corridors"&gt;Clydebank Declaration&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;was launched at the 2021 U.N. climate summit in Glasgow, with Canada the most recent of the 27 signatories to date (including the United States). The declaration calls for six green shipping corridors to be established by 2025. One such proposed corridor would use green methanol fuel from renewable sources along a key route for shipping cars and trucks&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.offshore-energy.biz/korea-europe-green-shipping-corridor-promises-70-co%e2%82%82-cut/"&gt;between South Korea and several European ports&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  257. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jeff Masters contributed to this post.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  258. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/cargo-ships-pay-for-dirty-fuel.html</link>
  259. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/cargo-ships-pay-for-dirty-fuel.html</guid>
  260. <pubDate>Wed, 7 May 2025 14:21:50 EST</pubDate>
  261. </item>  <item>
  262. <title>Visualizing daily global temperature - part 2</title>
  263. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/visualizing-daily-global-temperature"&gt;re-post from the Climate Brink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  264. &lt;p&gt;There are is a lot of dire news in the world these days &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;the dismantling of US climate policy, the apparent canceling of the 6th National Climate Assessment, etc. So sometimes its worth taking a break from doomscrolling and indulging in one&amp;rsquo;s hobbies.&lt;/p&gt;
  265. &lt;p&gt;Some folks collect trading cards, make miniatures, or do crafts. My hobby is making climate data visualizations (which, I suppose, is not the most uplifting occupation!).&lt;/p&gt;
  266. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;A week ago I was playing around with a climate &amp;ldquo;tree ring&amp;rdquo; graph that I&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://x.com/hausfath/status/1915881862339215606"&gt;shared on social media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;that had daily global surface temperature anomalies between 1940 and 2025 as colored rings. But with reanalysis data (ERA5 here) we have both temperature anomalies (e.g. changes relative to 1850-1900) and absolute temperatures, and I thought it might be interesting to make a similar graph of absolutes as well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  267. &lt;p&gt;I also wanted to make some improvement to the plot: rather than using rings for years (which created a discontinuity at the start and end of the year) I created a continuous spiral. I also added monthly labels around the outside to make it easier to read.&lt;/p&gt;
  268. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  269. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72178e31-e377-4a11-8439-1b3e3a76720f_4643x4189.png" alt="" width="550" height="496" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/72178e31-e377-4a11-8439-1b3e3a76720f_4643x4189.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:1314,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:4979167,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/162499826?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72178e31-e377-4a11-8439-1b3e3a76720f_4643x4189.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  270. &lt;em&gt;Daily global mean surface temperatures from ERA5 between 1940 and present (April 2025).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  271. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  272. &lt;p&gt;Now, you might ask why there is such a distinct summer-winter cycle in global temperatures. After all, when its winter in the Northern Hemisphere its summer in the Southern. However, the preponderance of global land area in the Northern Hemisphere makes it more prone to larger seasonal swings in temperature. By contrast, the slower warming ocean buffers changes in the Southern Hemisphere, creating a distinct seasonal pattern.&lt;/p&gt;
  273. &lt;p&gt;We can also see the dramatic effects of warming on that seasonal cycle; global surface temperatures that were once seen in early April are now being seen in early March, a full month earlier for the world as a whole. For any given location the effect may be smaller, depending on the magnitude of temperature difference between summer and winter.&lt;/p&gt;
  274. &lt;p&gt;I&amp;rsquo;ve also created a spiral version of the &amp;ldquo;tree ring&amp;rdquo; anomaly plot, shown below:&lt;/p&gt;
  275. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  276. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff053ba5e-13c8-4fa0-98df-10afb956a201_4669x4189.png" alt="" width="550" height="493" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f053ba5e-13c8-4fa0-98df-10afb956a201_4669x4189.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:1306,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:5728328,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/162499826?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff053ba5e-13c8-4fa0-98df-10afb956a201_4669x4189.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  277. &lt;em&gt;Daily global mean surface temperatures from ERA5 between 1940 and present (April 2025).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  278. &lt;h3 class="header-anchor-post"&gt;A &amp;ldquo;thermal helix&amp;rdquo;&lt;/h3&gt;
  279. &lt;p&gt;Now, two dimensional spirals are pretty neat, and I&amp;rsquo;ve generally thought that adding a third dimension to graphs rarely imparts useful information. I still hold that view, but I&amp;rsquo;ve added a proviso that they do nevertheless look cool at times. So, here is what happens if we turn the temperature anomaly ring plots into a 3d helix, while letting the rings vary in width depending on their temperature anomaly (from 0C to 2C):&lt;/p&gt;
  280. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  281. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05104561-a90a-4bbe-b26b-f18f9b98d1be_1340x1150.png" alt="" width="550" height="472" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/05104561-a90a-4bbe-b26b-f18f9b98d1be_1340x1150.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:1150,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1340,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:983638,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/162499826?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05104561-a90a-4bbe-b26b-f18f9b98d1be_1340x1150.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  282. &lt;em&gt;ERA daily global surface temperature anomalies&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  283. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;I won&amp;rsquo;t claim that these graphs are better than the type of standard scientific line plots we release in our monthly&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://berkeleyearth.org/march-2025-temperature-update/"&gt;Berkeley Earth updates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;; in most cases they are worse at actually conveying scientific information than a standard line graph. But data visualizations are not just about conveying numbers; they can also be evocative, or even (dare I say) art.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  284. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/visualizing-daily-global-temps-2.html</link>
  285. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/visualizing-daily-global-temps-2.html</guid>
  286. <pubDate>Mon, 5 May 2025 13:34:33 EST</pubDate>
  287. </item>  <item>
  288. <title> 2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #18</title>
  289. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 23 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 27, 2025 thru Sat, May 3, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
  290. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. The formatting is a bit different compared to previous weeks, though. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  291. &lt;h3&gt;Stories we promoted this week, by category:&lt;/h3&gt;
  292. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Policy and Politics (8 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  293. &lt;ul&gt;
  294. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sfpublicpress.org/scientist-who-helped-prove-humans-changed-the-climate-watches-evidence-being-erased/" target="_blank"&gt;Scientist Who Helped Prove Humans Changed the Climate Watches Evidence Being Erased&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Livermore Lab&amp;rsquo;s Ben Santer spent decades tracing humanity&amp;rsquo;s imprint on the atmosphere. Now, the data behind his work is under attack.&lt;/em&gt; San Francisco Public Press, Michael Stoll, Apr 23, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  295. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/apr/26/why-australias-most-prominent-climate-deniers-have-stopped-talking-about-the-climate-ntwnfb" target="_blank"&gt;Why Australia&amp;rsquo;s most prominent climate change deniers have stopped talking about the climate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt; Global heating sceptics now argue it is more palatable with the electorate to pivot from climate denialism to anti-renewable energy scepticism&lt;/em&gt; Australia News, The Guardian, Ben Smee &amp;amp; Graham Readfearn, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  296. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/29/climate/trump-dismisses-climate-report-authors/index.html" target="_blank"&gt;Trump administration dismisses all authors of major climate report, throwing US assessment into limbo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Climate, CNN, Andrew Freedman, Apr 29, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  297. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/04/29/nx-s1-5380816/climate-assessment-authors-released" target="_blank"&gt;White House dismisses authors of major climate report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The White House has dismissed approximately 400 scientists and other climate experts who were working on a major report about how climate change affects the U.S. ... a move that threatens to curtail climate science and make information about global warming less available to the public.&lt;/em&gt; NPR, Rebecca Hersher, Apr 29, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  298. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_18.html?utm-source=facebook&amp;amp;utm-campaign=socialnetworks&amp;amp;utm-term=sks" target="_blank"&gt;Skeptical Science New Research for Week #18 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science's weekly digest of newly published research on human-caused climate change. &lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, Doug Bostrom &amp;amp; Marc Kodack, May 01, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  299. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/donald-trump-washington-united-states-white-house-republican-b2744012.html" target="_blank"&gt;Scientific societies say they'll do national climate assessment after Trump dismissed report authors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Two major scientific societies say they will fill the void from the Trump administration&amp;rsquo;s dismissal of scientists writing a cornerstone federal report on what climate change is doing to the United States&lt;/em&gt; The Independent News, Seth Borenstein, May 02, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  300. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/may/02/trump-drill-baby-drill-tariffs" target="_blank"&gt;Revealed: Forecasts of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels soar in Trump`s first 100 days&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tariff chaos hampers Trump&amp;rsquo;s pledge to &amp;lsquo;drill, baby, drill&amp;rsquo;, but analysis still shows surge in planet-heating emissions&lt;/em&gt; The Guardian, Oliver Milman and Will Craft, May 02, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  301. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03052025/noaa-cuts-could-impact-weather-apps-agriculture-national-security/" target="_blank"&gt;How Massive Cuts to NOAA Could Impact Everything From Weather Apps to Agriculture to National Security&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;How Massive Cuts to NOAA Could Impact Everything From Weather Apps to Agriculture to National Security&lt;/em&gt; Inside Climate News, Interview by Jenni Doering, Living on Earth, May 03, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  302. &lt;/ul&gt;
  303. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  304. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Education and Communication (5 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  305. &lt;ul&gt;
  306. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1518805/full" target="_blank"&gt;What Do Different Levels of Climate Change Mean For Our Future?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Frontiers for Young Minds, Wan Ting Katty Huang, Lincoln M. Alves &amp;amp; Sonia I. Seneviratne,, Apr 28, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  307. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-collaborations.html" target="_blank"&gt;EGU2025 - Presentation about our collaborations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Our team member B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler will give a short oral presentation about our various collaborations at this year&amp;rsquo;s General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU).&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Apr 28, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  308. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-apathy-people-are-adjusting-to-global-warming-too-quickly/" target="_blank"&gt;Climate apathy: People are adjusting to global warming too quickly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;News, Earth.com, Andrei Ionescu, Apr 28, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  309. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/visualizing-daily-global-temperature" target="_blank"&gt;Visualizing daily global temperature - part 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Spirals and vortexes, oh my!&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;The Climate Brink, Zeke Hausfather, Apr 30, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  310. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html" target="_blank"&gt;EGU2025 - How the week in Vienna unfolded&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;This year's General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) started on Monday April 28 both on premises in Vienna and online as a fully hybrid conference.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, May 02, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  311. &lt;/ul&gt;
  312. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International Climate Conferences and Agreements (3 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  313. &lt;ul&gt;
  314. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2025/04/24/at-energy-security-talks-us-pushes-gas-and-derides-renewables/" target="_blank"&gt;At energy security talks, US pushes gas and derides renewables&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The US envoy to the IEA&amp;rsquo;s energy security summit criticised renewables, arguing that they cause power cuts and increase reliance on China&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Energy, Climate Home News, Joe Lo, Apr 24, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  315. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/26/pacific-island-states-urge-rich-countries-to-expedite-plans-to-cut-emissions" target="_blank"&gt;Pacific island states urge rich countries to expedite plans to cut emissions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Developed countries pressed to submit national plans well before Cop30 as time runs out to avoid 1.5C temperature rise&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Environment, The Guardian, Fiona Harvey, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  316. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/30/trump-un-climate-change-crisis" target="_blank"&gt;UN climate talks will be &amp;lsquo;uphill battle&amp;rsquo; amid Trump rollbacks, says Cop30 chair&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Tariffs and environmental cuts will make meeting challenging, says summit president Andr&amp;eacute; Corr&amp;ecirc;a do Lago&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;US News, The Guardian, Oliver Milman, Apr 29, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  317. &lt;/ul&gt;
  318. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Law and Justice (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  319. &lt;ul&gt;
  320. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2025/04/29/100-days-of-trump-2-0-laying-the-groundwork-for-future-climate-litigation-battles/" target="_blank"&gt;100 Days of Trump 2.0: Laying the Groundwork for Future Climate Litigation Battles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;This post is part of a new Climate Law Blog series, 100 Days of Trump 2.0, in which the Sabin Center offers reflections on the first 100 days of President Trump&amp;rsquo;s second term across a variety of climate-related topics.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Climate Law Blog, Margaret Barry, Apr 29, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  321. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/youth-led-lawsuit-climate-change" target="_blank"&gt;Youth-led lawsuit on climate change wins another round in court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;A lawsuit to win provincial action on climate change is expected to proceed after the Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal in the case.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ottawa Citizen, Andrew Duffy, May 01, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  322. &lt;/ul&gt;
  323. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Impacts (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  324. &lt;ul&gt;
  325. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26042025/climate-change-shifting-spread-of-infectious-disease/" target="_blank"&gt;How a Changing Climate Is Reshaping the Spread of Infectious Diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;You have this convergence of crises,&amp;rdquo; says Dr. Angelle Desiree LaBeaud. Here&amp;rsquo;s what that means and how she and others are trying to address it.&lt;/em&gt;Inside Climate News, Bhabna Banerjee, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  326. &lt;/ul&gt;
  327. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  328. &lt;ul&gt;
  329. &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/410553/climate-change-clean-energy-carbon-emissions-renewable-energy-progress" target="_blank"&gt;The good news about global warming.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Future Perfect, Vox, Bryan Walsh, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  330. &lt;/ul&gt;
  331. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Science and Research (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  332. &lt;ul&gt;
  333. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-tipping-points-how-close-are-we-to-irreversible-change/" target="_blank"&gt;Climate tipping points: How close are we to irreversible change?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; News, Earth.com, Andrei Ionescu, Apr 28, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  334. &lt;/ul&gt;
  335. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health Aspects of Climate Change (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  336. &lt;ul&gt;
  337. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/feature-stories/item/communicating-the-climate-crisis--the-scientists-contending-with-disinformation-and-climate-anxiety" target="_blank"&gt;Communicating the climate crisis: the scientists contending with disinformation and climate anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Newsroom, WHO Europe, Staff, Apr 25, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  338. &lt;/ul&gt;
  339. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Miscellaneous (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  340. &lt;ul&gt;
  341. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_17.html" target="_blank"&gt;2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp;amp; Global Warming News Roundup #17&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A listing of 30 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 20, 2025 thru Sat, April 26, 2025.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom &amp;amp; John Hartz, Apr 27, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  342. &lt;/ul&gt;
  343. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
  344. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_18.html</link>
  345. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_18.html</guid>
  346. <pubDate>Sun, 4 May 2025 10:25:12 EST</pubDate>
  347. </item>  <item>
  348. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #18 2025</title>
  349. <description>&lt;h3&gt;Monitoring Scientific Integrity in the US:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://climate.law.columbia.edu/Silencing-Science-Tracker" target="_blank"&gt;Silencing Science Tracker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  350. &lt;p&gt;Ordinarily we employ the term "scientific integrity" in connection with staying true to ethical norms of the philosophy of science. Today however in the US there is an external threat to scientific integrity. The &lt;em&gt;structural&lt;/em&gt; integrity of the US scientific enterprise is being actively attacked and degraded by forces&amp;nbsp;uninterested in our better understanding of our world and thus how we can better thrive.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  351. &lt;p&gt;The scope and speed of the destruction levied on US science practice challenges our comprehension; it's hard or impossible for us as members of the general public to see the scale of wreckage now unfolding in the US.&lt;/p&gt;
  352. &lt;p&gt;This issue of &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt; features articles that entered the publication pipeline before the advent of the current US executive administration. Abstracts don't tell us that we are likely reading "last words" from voices we'll not hear from again. Akin to victims of a shipwreck left in icy water, there are authors in this week's edition who are slipping from view forever, &lt;em&gt;their capacities to improve our lives forever ended.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  353. &lt;p&gt;The scientific community is not naturally equipped to communicate this threat to us all. But given that we're all harmed by rampant administrative violence being inflicted on the scientific world, it's important that we know why and how we're intentionally being made more ignorant, that we have a fuller picture informing whatever personal decisions and replies we may make in the face of current events (ideally, voting with a factually accurate informational foundation leading to wise choices).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  354. &lt;p&gt;Fortunately there are people with practiced skills and estabilished resources for helping us comprehend the amount of damage being done to science, and who is responsible for that. Columbia University's Sabin&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://climate.law.columbia.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;Center for Climate Change Law&lt;/a&gt; and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.csldf.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Science Legal Defense Fund&lt;/a&gt; have long maintained a resource for just this purpose, the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://climate.law.columbia.edu/Silencing-Science-Tracker" target="_blank"&gt;Silencing Science Tracker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;nbsp;While both sponsoring organizations are climate-focused, the Silencing Science Tracker has always been comprehensive across scientific disciplines and affords us a complete picture of the breadth and depth of the assault we're witnessing.&lt;/p&gt;
  355. &lt;p&gt;At all levels, ignorance is not strength. Ignorance is additive. Ignorance of what's happening to US science will compound as much larger ignorance, our being blindsided by various harms and unable to to help ourselves as we face bad weather, bad seismicity, bad pathogens. The Silencing Science Tracker reduces ignorance and is a useful operational&amp;nbsp; instrument for monitoring our communal intellectual health.&lt;/p&gt;
  356. &lt;h3&gt;Open access notables&lt;/h3&gt;
  357. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  358. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114595" target="_blank"&gt;Public opposition to coal-fired power in emerging economies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Alkon et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Energy Policy:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  359. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  360. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Constructing new coal fired power plants presents significant climate, ecological, health, and economic risks. This presents sometimes acute tradeoffs for leaders in emerging economies, where rapid economic and population growth are driving large increases in electricity generation demand. Against this backdrop, combining a novel conjoint experiment with qualitative interviews, we find widespread public opposition to coal-fired power. We also find that this opposition is politically consequential, diminishing support for politicians who support coal-fired power and increasing expressed propensity to engage in social protest. These findings inform our understanding of the social reception of coal infrastructure, as well as the political implications of energy development in key emerging economies.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  361. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This work was supported by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="GS1"&gt;National Science Foundation, United States&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(award&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="anchor anchor-primary" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421525001028?via%3Dihub#GS1"&gt;&lt;span class="anchor-text-container"&gt;&lt;span class="anchor-text"&gt;#1949486&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  362. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  363. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1566033" target="_blank"&gt;State-level climate obstruction and discourses of climate delay: insights from Arizona&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Eskridge-Aldama,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  364. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  365. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study applies the discourses of climate delay (DCD) framework developed by Lamb et al. (2020) to analyze Arizona legislative discourse surrounding House Bill 2686 (2020) and House Bill 2101 (2022), both of which had significant implications for state-level climate governance. Using qualitative discourse analysis of public hearing transcripts, I identify rhetorical strategies that obstruct climate action, particularly those used by utility representatives and their allies. The analysis reveals that delay tactics most often emphasized the negative consequences of climate action and promoted non-transformative solutions, especially those aligned with fossil fuel interests. In contrast, &amp;ldquo;redirect responsibility&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;surrender&amp;rdquo; strategies were used less frequently, and &amp;ldquo;whataboutism&amp;rdquo; was notably absent. This absence suggests that, in Arizona, obstruction is less about shifting blame and more about affirming local identity and resisting perceived external influence. Based on these findings, I propose an expansion of the DCD framework to include a new subcategory&amp;mdash;&amp;ldquo;pride, identity, and culture&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;to capture how regional cultural values influence climate discourse. This study contributes to climate policy scholarship by demonstrating how localized rhetorical strategies sustain climate inaction and by offering a refined framework for future research on discursive climate obstruction.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  366. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  367. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00086-3" target="_blank"&gt;How tidal properties influence the future duration of coastal flooding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Talke,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;npj Natural Hazards:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  368. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  369. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This paper uses a combined theoretical/empirical approach to show that 4 primary factors impact inundation times during high-tide flooding: the amplitude, period, and relative phases of semidiurnal and diurnal tide forcing, and the maximum water-level above a datum. Some regions&amp;mdash;such as the US Gulf Coast&amp;mdash;have tidal properties that lead to long high-water stands (&amp;thinsp;&amp;gt;&amp;thinsp;20&amp;thinsp;hours). For the same inundation depth of 0.2&amp;thinsp;m, regions with large semidiurnal tides are inundated for only 1-2&amp;thinsp;hours. Within individual estuaries, the potential duration can vary by a factor of more than two. Combined with relative sea-level rise rates that vary from less than 0&amp;thinsp;mm/yr to 10&amp;thinsp;mm/yr around North America, the observed timescale to transition from a zero to two-hour tidal flood length varies from 1-87 years. This large spatial variability in tidal inundation properties has implications for hazard planning, ecological adaptation and the future evolution of coastal flood events.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  370. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant 2013280, the California Delta Stewardship Council, CONTRACT # DSC- 21024, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, contract W912HQ24C0020.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  371. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  372. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00089-0" target="_blank"&gt;Coastal adaptation and damage costs at different global warming thresholds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Wong et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;npj Natural Hazards:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  373. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  374. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Climate change is worsening coastal hazards, elevating the need to mitigate and adapt to future warming and sea-level change. A key question is how future warming relates to coastal impacts in terms of adaptation costs and economic damages, and the potentially unequal distribution of these impacts globally. We use an integrated modeling framework to generate estimates of future coastal adaptation costs and damages, discounted through the year 2150, at multiple global warming thresholds. As warming crosses the 1.5&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C threshold, we find that high-end (95th percentile) coastal damages nearly double, from 1.3&amp;thinsp;T to 2.3&amp;thinsp;T US$. Beyond 2.5&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C warming, low-end (5th percentile) damages increase from 1.2&amp;thinsp;T to 1.6&amp;thinsp;T US$ and the Global South faces disproportionately high damages as a percentage of regional GDP. Given the plausibility of 2.5&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C warming in even SSP2-4.5, these results highlight the importance of emissions reductions to avoid sizable and inequitable increases in coastal impacts.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  375. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMS-2213432. V.S. and C.D. were supported by the MultiSector Dynamics program area of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research as part of the multi-program, collaborative Integrated Coastal Modeling (ICoM) project.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  376. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  377. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005567" target="_blank"&gt;Low-Altitude High-Latitude Stratospheric&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="skstip163" class="skstip intermediate disabled"&gt;Aerosol&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Injection Is Feasible With Existing Aircraft&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Duffey et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Earth's Future:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  378. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  379. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Here, we simulate an ensemble of 41 short stratospheric aerosol injection simulations in the UK Earth System Model in which we vary the altitude, latitude, and season of&amp;nbsp;SO2&amp;nbsp;injection. For each simulation, we diagnose aerosol optical depth and radiative forcing and estimate the global cooling under a sustained deployment. For altitudes up to around 14&amp;nbsp;km, high-latitude injection maximizes global forcing efficiency. Aerosol lifetime variation is the largest contributor to changes in efficiency with injection location. Seasonal SAI deployment with low-altitude (13&amp;nbsp;km) and high-latitude (60&amp;deg;N/S) injection achieves 35% of the forcing efficiency of a high-altitude (20&amp;nbsp;km), annually constant, sub-tropical (30&amp;deg;N/S) strategy. Low-altitude high-latitude SAI would have strongly reduced efficiency and therefore increased side-effects for a given global cooling. It would also produce a more polar cooling distribution, with reduced efficacy in the tropics. However, it would face lower technical barriers because existing large jets could be used for deployment. This could imply an increase in the number of actors able to deploy SAI, an earlier potential start date, and perhaps a greater risk of unilateral deployment.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  380. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  381. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102998" target="_blank"&gt;Beyond &amp;lsquo;Not in my electoral Year&amp;rsquo;: Why do some elected officials oppose renewable energy projects?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Delcayre &amp;amp; Bourdin,&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Global Environmental Change:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  382. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  383. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;This study aimed to examine the reasons behind the wait-and-see and resistant attitudes of local elected officials regarding energy transition projects. Although there is consensus on the importance of renewable energy in combating climate change, its implementation at the local level often encounters opposition from several actors, including elected officials. This study identified the internal, external, and personal factors that influence this opposition by conducting semi-structured interviews with the French officials and stakeholders involved in the energy transition and by analysing the local and regional press. Our findings indicate that political strategies, regulatory complexities, and personal beliefs play significant roles in shaping officials&amp;rsquo; decisions regarding energy transition projects. Furthermore, by proposing a typology of elected officials according to their modes of opposition, we offer insights to promote effective and sustainable local energy transitions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  384. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  385. &lt;h3&gt;From this week's government/NGO&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="#gov-ngo"&gt;section:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  386. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:46617c8b-98a4-4d54-b259-f4bdcbaab0b8/sri-sigma-natural-catastrophes-1-2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Sigma. Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Banerjee et al,,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Swiss Re Management Ltd&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  387. &lt;blockquote&gt;Last year&amp;rsquo;s insured losses from natural catastrophes were on trend at USD 137 billion. Following the long-term trend of 5 ? 7% annual increase in real terms, insured losses from natural catastrophes will approach USD 145 billion in 2025. This year started with wildfires sweeping across the Los Angeles area in January. The currently estimated USD 40 billion of resultant insured losses is a record high, but the fires on their own will not be cause of notable deviation from the annual loss growth trend. The scale of losses elicited a reinsurance response, with two thirds of the claims payouts coming from primary insurers, and the rest from reinsurers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  388. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.greenhousethinktank.org/static/2025/Briefing-Paper_Economy-Managing-UK-Economy-in-times-of-Climate-Emergency-v1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Managing the UK Economy in times of the Climate Emergency&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Emma Dawnay,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Green House Think Tank&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  389. &lt;blockquote&gt;To have the best chance of successfully transitioning to an economy which is not dependent on fossil fuels, the economic system which drives human activity must be reorganized. The &amp;lsquo;needs&amp;rsquo; of financial markets must become subordinate to the &amp;lsquo;needs&amp;rsquo; of physics to maintain planetary conditions compatible with human civilization. The mainstream consensus on how a national economy should be managed has little theoretical underpinning; rather, it has evolved with the massive growth in financial markets. The shortcomings of the mainstream consensus have been highlighted by non-orthodox economists for decades, but now more than ever this consensus needs to be reassessed as it is limiting our response to the climate emergency as well as causing unnecessary austerity and hardship. This briefing aims to explain descriptively how a national economy works, how the current consensus is limiting what we can achieve, and how the UK economy could be managed differently.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  390. &lt;h3&gt;165 articles in 62 journals by 839 contributing authors&lt;/h3&gt;
  391. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical science of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  392. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113847" target="_blank"&gt;Beaufort Gyre Liquid Freshwater Content Change Under Greenhouse Warming From an Eddy-Resolving Climate Simulation&lt;/a&gt;, Shan et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113847" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113847&lt;/p&gt;
  393. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01043-7" target="_blank"&gt;Disentangling anthropogenic and dynamic contributions to recent ocean warming&lt;/a&gt;, Lee et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Climate and Atmospheric Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41612-025-01043-7&lt;/p&gt;
  394. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-24-0168.1" target="_blank"&gt;Energy Gain Kernel for Climate Feedbacks. Part III: Reconciliation of the Apparent &amp;ldquo;Negative&amp;rdquo; Nature of Lapse-Rate Feedback&lt;/a&gt;, Sun et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jas-d-24-0168.1&lt;/p&gt;
  395. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  396. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115242" target="_blank"&gt;Enhanced Climate Mitigation Feedbacks by Wetland Vegetation in Semi-Arid Compared to Humid Regions&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115242" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115242&lt;/p&gt;
  397. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59291-3" target="_blank"&gt;Enhanced heating effect of lakes under global warming&lt;/a&gt;, Qiu et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59291-3&lt;/p&gt;
  398. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59201-7" target="_blank"&gt;Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation&lt;/a&gt;, Abajian et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59201-7&lt;/p&gt;
  399. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115403" target="_blank"&gt;Seasonal Delay of Tropical Rainfall Enhanced by the Interhemispheric Contrast of SST Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Geng et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115403" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115403&lt;/p&gt;
  400. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8866" target="_blank"&gt;Shifting Patterns in the Weather Regimes That Drive Regional Drought: Demonstration for South Africa&lt;/a&gt;, Mandavya et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8866" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8866&lt;/p&gt;
  401. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01686-4" target="_blank"&gt;Super-Clausius&amp;ndash;Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation explained by shift from stratiform to convective rain type&lt;/a&gt;, Da Silva &amp;amp; Haerter, &lt;em&gt;Nature Geoscience&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41561-025-01686-4&lt;/p&gt;
  402. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112409" target="_blank"&gt;The Double Dip: How Tropospheric Expansion Counteracts Increases in Extratropical Stratospheric Ozone Under Global Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Match &amp;amp; Gerber, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112409" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl112409&lt;/p&gt;
  403. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jc022333" target="_blank"&gt;Unifying Future Ocean Oxygen Projections Using an Oxygen Water Mass Framework&lt;/a&gt;, Ditkovsky &amp;amp; Resplandy Resplandy, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jc022333" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025jc022333&lt;/p&gt;
  404. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observations of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  405. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3532" target="_blank"&gt;A dynamical geography of observed trends in the global ocean&lt;/a&gt;, Nardelli &amp;amp; Iudicone, &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3532" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.adq3532&lt;/p&gt;
  406. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd043042" target="_blank"&gt;Air Temperature Trends and Extreme Warming Events Across Regions of Antarctica for the Period 2003&amp;ndash;2021&lt;/a&gt;, Nielsen et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd043042" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jd043042&lt;/p&gt;
  407. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02092-9" target="_blank"&gt;Detection and attribution of climate change impacts in coupled natural-human systems in the Andes&lt;/a&gt;, Ochoa-S&amp;aacute;nchez et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02092-9&lt;/p&gt;
  408. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8877" target="_blank"&gt;ERA5 Reproduces Key Features of Global Precipitation Trends in A Warming Climate&lt;/a&gt;, Obarein &amp;amp; Lee, &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8877" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8877&lt;/p&gt;
  409. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006078" target="_blank"&gt;Forest Dieback in Drinking Water Protection Areas&amp;mdash;A Hidden Threat to Water Quality&lt;/a&gt;, Winter et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006078" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025ef006078&lt;/p&gt;
  410. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.010" target="_blank"&gt;Global prevalence of compound heatwaves in recent decades&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.010" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.010&lt;/p&gt;
  411. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.016" target="_blank"&gt;The intensification of soil extreme heat further accelerates the rise of atmospheric extreme temperature over China&lt;/a&gt;, Yan et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.016" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.016&lt;/p&gt;
  412. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instrumentation &amp;amp; observational methods of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  413. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104830" target="_blank"&gt;Applying historical records to extend the tropical cyclone climatology in southwestern Australia, 1830&amp;ndash;2023&lt;/a&gt;, Aldridge &amp;amp; Christensen, &lt;em&gt;Global and Planetary Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104830" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104830&lt;/p&gt;
  414. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113825" target="_blank"&gt;Can We Rely on Satellite Visible/Infrared Microphysical Retrievals of Boundary Layer Clouds in Partially Cloudy Scenes? Implications for Climate Research&lt;/a&gt;, Painemal et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113825" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113825&lt;/p&gt;
  415. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0132.1" target="_blank"&gt;Future Satellite-Based Cloud Climate Records: Intercomparison and Consistency between GAC and VGAC&lt;/a&gt;, Seo et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jamc-d-24-0132.1&lt;/p&gt;
  416. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0753" target="_blank"&gt;The role of edge states for early warning of tipping points&lt;/a&gt;, Lohmann et al., &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0753" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1098/rspa.2024.0753&lt;/p&gt;
  417. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  418. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.002" target="_blank"&gt;Effects of human activities and low-frequency climate variability&amp;nbsp;on&amp;nbsp;East&amp;nbsp;Asian temperature changes at century scale&lt;/a&gt;, LU &amp;amp; SUN, &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.002" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.002&lt;/p&gt;
  419. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005030" target="_blank"&gt;Increasing Fire Weather Season Overlap Between North America and Australia Challenges Firefighting Cooperation&lt;/a&gt;, Richardson et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005030" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005030&lt;/p&gt;
  420. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0277.1" target="_blank"&gt;Intensified Tropical Cyclones in Global Climate Simulations Employing a High-Wind Drag Relation over Sea Surface&lt;/a&gt;, Wei et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0277.1&lt;/p&gt;
  421. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1519836" target="_blank"&gt;Present and future interannual variability in wildfire occurrence: a large ensemble application to the United States&lt;/a&gt;, Keeping et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Forests and Global Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1519836" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1519836&lt;/p&gt;
  422. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advancement of climate &amp;amp; climate effects modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  423. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114521" target="_blank"&gt;A Machine Learning Approach to Rapidly Downscale Sea Surface Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress on the Great Barrier Reef&lt;/a&gt;, Cyriac et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114521" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl114521&lt;/p&gt;
  424. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank"&gt;An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 &amp;micro;m cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&amp;amp;cool&amp;amp;fort-1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, L&amp;oacute;pez-Puertas et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  425. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79833-7_2" target="_blank"&gt;Are the Largest Benefits of Kilometer-Scale Climate Models Over Mountains or Over Flatland?&lt;/a&gt;, Ignatieff, &lt;em&gt;The Mathematical World of Walter Noll&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1007/978-3-642-79833-7_2&lt;/p&gt;
  426. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114656" target="_blank"&gt;Constraints on the Projected Tropical SST Response to Greenhouse Warming by the Observed Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration&lt;/a&gt;, Geng et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114656" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl114656&lt;/p&gt;
  427. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000442" target="_blank"&gt;How climate models reproduce the observed increase in extreme precipitation over Europe&lt;/a&gt;, Steensen et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000442" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000442&lt;/p&gt;
  428. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114269" target="_blank"&gt;Integrating Top-Down Energetic Constraints With Bottom-Up Process-Based Constraints for More Accurate Projections of Future Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Watson?Parris, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114269" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl114269&lt;/p&gt;
  429. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd043507" target="_blank"&gt;The Cold Biases in the Soil and Surface Air Temperature Simulations of RegCM4.7 Model Over the Tibetan Plateau in Cold Seasons Reduced by Adopting an Improved Snow Cover Fraction Scheme&lt;/a&gt;, Luo et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2025jd043507&lt;/p&gt;
  430. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cryosphere &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  431. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022210" target="_blank"&gt;A Model Analysis of Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions on the Continental Shelf Break in Amundsen Sea, Antarctica&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022210" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jc022210&lt;/p&gt;
  432. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58304-5" target="_blank"&gt;Change in iceberg calving behavior preceded North Sea ice shelf disintegration during the last deglaciation&lt;/a&gt;, Kirkham et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58304-5&lt;/p&gt;
  433. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-58" target="_blank"&gt;Changes in Antarctic surface conditions and potential for ice shelf hydrofracturing from 1850 to 2200&lt;/a&gt;, Jourdain et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/egusphere-2024-58&lt;/p&gt;
  434. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59293-1" target="_blank"&gt;Half a century of dynamic instability following the ocean-driven break-up of Wordie Ice Shelf&lt;/a&gt;, D&amp;oslash;mgaard et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59293-1&lt;/p&gt;
  435. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.31" target="_blank"&gt;Mass balance of lake terminating Gepang Gath glacier (western Himalaya, India) and the role of glacier&amp;ndash;lake interactions&lt;/a&gt;, PRATAP et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Glaciology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.31" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1017/jog.2025.31&lt;/p&gt;
  436. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115184" target="_blank"&gt;Proglacial Lake Drainage Events Drive Fast Grounding Line Advance in a Warming Climate&lt;/a&gt;, Hu &amp;amp; Haseloff, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115184" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115184&lt;/p&gt;
  437. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114546" target="_blank"&gt;Regime Shift in Arctic Ocean Sea-Ice Extent&lt;/a&gt;, Stern, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114546" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl114546&lt;/p&gt;
  438. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042914" target="_blank"&gt;Revisiting the Interaction Between Antarctic Sea Ice and Southern Ocean Cyclones&lt;/a&gt;, Zhong et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2024jd042914&lt;/p&gt;
  439. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104858" target="_blank"&gt;The role of atmospheric and oceanic factors on the record low Antarctic sea ice extent of 2023&lt;/a&gt;, Swathi et al., &lt;em&gt;Global and Planetary Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104858&lt;/p&gt;
  440. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115152" target="_blank"&gt;Unraveling Arctic Sea Ice Response to Atmospheric Rivers&amp;mdash;Insights From Sea Ice Modeling&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115152" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115152&lt;/p&gt;
  441. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sea level &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  442. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00086-3" target="_blank"&gt;How tidal properties influence the future duration of coastal flooding&lt;/a&gt;, Talke, &lt;em&gt;npj Natural Hazards&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s44304-025-00086-3&lt;/p&gt;
  443. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113691" target="_blank"&gt;Uncertainties in the Projection of Sterodynamic Sea Level in CMIP6 Models&lt;/a&gt;, Jin et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113691" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113691&lt;/p&gt;
  444. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paleoclimate &amp;amp; paleogeochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  445. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02282-5" target="_blank"&gt;A Holocene fjord record from Greenland reveals exceptional Atlantic water influence during minimum ice-sheet extent&lt;/a&gt;, Kvorning et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02282-5&lt;/p&gt;
  446. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104860" target="_blank"&gt;An assessment of the Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future&lt;/a&gt;, Burton et al., &lt;em&gt;Global and Planetary Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104860&lt;/p&gt;
  447. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02251-y" target="_blank"&gt;Arctic fjord ecosystem adaptation to cryosphere meltdown over the past 14,000 years&lt;/a&gt;, Knies et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02251-y&lt;/p&gt;
  448. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005465" target="_blank"&gt;Exploring Water System Vulnerabilities in California's Central Valley Under the Late Renaissance Megadrought and Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, Gupta et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005465" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005465&lt;/p&gt;
  449. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024pa005039" target="_blank"&gt;Shallow-Marine, Benthic Ecosystems Show Compositional Shifts in Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) on the Adriatic Carbonate Platform&lt;/a&gt;, Weiss et al., &lt;em&gt;Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.172910172.21282662/v1" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024pa005039&lt;/p&gt;
  450. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biology &amp;amp; climate change, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  451. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59382-1" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-driven succession in marine microbiome biodiversity and biogeochemical function&lt;/a&gt;, Larkin et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59382-1&lt;/p&gt;
  452. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70170" target="_blank"&gt;Demand-Resource Mismatch Explains Body Shrinkage in a Migratory Shorebird&lt;/a&gt;, Oortwijn et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70170" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70170&lt;/p&gt;
  453. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110586" target="_blank"&gt;Emerging evidence for delaying effect of winter warming on green-up onset in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau&lt;/a&gt;, Wu et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110586&lt;/p&gt;
  454. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71327" target="_blank"&gt;Future Habitat Shifts and Economic Implications for Ophiocordyceps sinensis Under Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71327" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/ece3.71327&lt;/p&gt;
  455. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70202" target="_blank"&gt;Future of Food Webs: The Role of Biotic Interactions in Predicting the Impact of Climate and Land Use Change&lt;/a&gt;, Endr&amp;eacute;di, &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70202&lt;/p&gt;
  456. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71177" target="_blank"&gt;Heat Nests: The Impact of Climate Change on Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) Nesting Distribution in Sicily (Italy)&lt;/a&gt;, Siddiolo et al., &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71177" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/ece3.71177&lt;/p&gt;
  457. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70190" target="_blank"&gt;Impacts of Climate-Land Dynamics on Global Population and Sub-Populations of a Desert Equid&lt;/a&gt;, Rezvani et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70190&lt;/p&gt;
  458. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105150" target="_blank"&gt;Microbial ecology in hypersaline coastal lagoons: A model for climate-induced coastal salinisation and eutrophication&lt;/a&gt;, Keneally et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105150" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105150&lt;/p&gt;
  459. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70189" target="_blank"&gt;Sea-Ice Retreat From the Northeast Greenland Continental Shelf Triggers a Marine Trophic Cascade&lt;/a&gt;, Laverick et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70189" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70189&lt;/p&gt;
  460. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gb008514" target="_blank"&gt;Surface and Subsurface Compound Marine Heatwave and Biogeochemical Extremes Under Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, Le Grix et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Biogeochemical Cycles&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gb008514" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gb008514&lt;/p&gt;
  461. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1497949" target="_blank"&gt;Temperature and stopover duration carry-over to affect Arctic arrival timing and breeding success in the cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii)&lt;/a&gt;, Bani Assadi et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1497949" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fevo.2025.1497949&lt;/p&gt;
  462. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107182" target="_blank"&gt;Terrestrial inputs of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon to the Arctic Ocean and their influence on primary production&lt;/a&gt;, Mathew et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107182&lt;/p&gt;
  463. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70185" target="_blank"&gt;The Forest After Tomorrow: Projecting the Impact of a Collapsing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on European Tree-Species Distributions&lt;/a&gt;, Heubel et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70185" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70185&lt;/p&gt;
  464. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98638-0" target="_blank"&gt;The scaled sardine&amp;rsquo;s unique metabolic phenotype and its implications for the susceptibility of small tropical pelagic fishes to climate change&lt;/a&gt;, Gamperl et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-98638-0&lt;/p&gt;
  465. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71271" target="_blank"&gt;Turning the Tide: A 2&amp;deg;C Increase in Heat Tolerance Can Halve Climate Change-Induced Losses in Four Cold-Adapted Kelp Species&lt;/a&gt;, Hill et al., &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71271" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/ece3.71271&lt;/p&gt;
  466. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02298-x" target="_blank"&gt;Vegetation resistance to compound drought and heatwave events buffers the spatial shift velocities of vegetation vulnerability&lt;/a&gt;, Yan et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02298-x&lt;/p&gt;
  467. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GHG sources &amp;amp; sinks, flux, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  468. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd043358" target="_blank"&gt;A Robust Method for Calculating Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Cities and Power Stations Using OCO-2 and S5P/TROPOMI Observations&lt;/a&gt;, Hakkarainen et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jd043358" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025jd043358&lt;/p&gt;
  469. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1513140" target="_blank"&gt;AGB carbon stock analysis in the Indigenous agroforestry of the Ecuadorian Amazon: Chakra and Aja as Natural Climate Solutions&lt;/a&gt;, &amp;Aacute;lava-N&amp;uacute;&amp;ntilde;ez et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Forests and Global Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1513140" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1513140&lt;/p&gt;
  470. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94953-8" target="_blank"&gt;Assessment of soil erosion rates, carbon stocks, and erosion-induced carbon loss in dominant forest types of the Himalayan region using fallout-&lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs&lt;/a&gt;, David Raj et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-94953-8&lt;/p&gt;
  471. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70212" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Variability Modulates the Temporal Stability of Carbon Sequestration by Changing Multiple Facets of Biodiversity in Temperate Forests Across Scales&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70212&lt;/p&gt;
  472. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads6093" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-induced shifts in sulfate dynamics regulate anaerobic methane oxidation in a coastal wetland&lt;/a&gt;, Lee et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads6093" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.ads6093&lt;/p&gt;
  473. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111824" target="_blank"&gt;Daily Global Methane Super-Emitter Detection and Source Identification With Sub-Daily Tracking&lt;/a&gt;, de Jong et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111824" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl111824&lt;/p&gt;
  474. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70055" target="_blank"&gt;Elevational changes in vegetation and soil geochemistry drive thresholds in bulk soil carbon and its key fractions&lt;/a&gt;, Wu et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Ecology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/1365-2745.70055&lt;/p&gt;
  475. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2023-2025" target="_blank"&gt;Evaluation of long-term carbon dynamics in a drained forested peatland using the ForSAFE-Peat model&lt;/a&gt;, Escobar et al., &lt;em&gt;Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/bg-22-2023-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  476. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-183" target="_blank"&gt;Global long-term hourly 9 km terrestrial water-energy-carbon fluxes (FluxHourly)&lt;/a&gt;, Han et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/essd-2025-183&lt;/p&gt;
  477. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70194" target="_blank"&gt;Global Soil Methane Uptake Estimated by Scaling Up Local Measurements&lt;/a&gt;, Jiang et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70194&lt;/p&gt;
  478. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004853" target="_blank"&gt;Impacts of Anthropogenic Emission Change Scenarios on U.S. Water and Carbon Balances at National and State Scales in a Changing Climate&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004853" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef004853&lt;/p&gt;
  479. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114759" target="_blank"&gt;Rapid changes in terrestrial carbon dioxide uptake captured in near-real time from a geostationary satellite: The ALIVE framework&lt;/a&gt;, Losos et al., &lt;em&gt;Remote Sensing of Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114759" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114759&lt;/p&gt;
  480. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025" target="_blank"&gt;Rising Arctic seas and thawing permafrost: uncovering the carbon cycle impact in a thermokarst lagoon system in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada&lt;/a&gt;, Jenrich et al., &lt;em&gt;Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  481. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt;Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&amp;amp;AVIM2.0&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001&lt;/p&gt;
  482. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CO2 capture, sequestration science &amp;amp; engineering&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  483. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70182" target="_blank"&gt;Allochthonous Organic Carbon Stored in Blue Carbon Ecosystems Can Be Additional and Provide Genuine Climate Mitigation&lt;/a&gt;, Houston et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70182&lt;/p&gt;
  484. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107202" target="_blank"&gt;Blue carbon ecosystems for hypoxia solution: how to maximize their carbon sequestration potential&lt;/a&gt;, Lee &amp;amp; Lee, &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107202&lt;/p&gt;
  485. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105149" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon capture and storage via enhanced carbonate weathering coupled with aquatic photosynthesis: Potential, cost, and advantages&lt;/a&gt;, Shi et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105149&lt;/p&gt;
  486. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104087" target="_blank"&gt;Domesticating technology: Sociotechnical imaginaries of carbon capture and storage in Denmark&lt;/a&gt;, Hougaard &amp;amp; Christiansen, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104087" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104087&lt;/p&gt;
  487. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2344" target="_blank"&gt;Geochemical Assessment for Carbon Sequestration in the Conasauga Group, Northwest Georgia, USA&lt;/a&gt;, Rivera &amp;amp; Beckingham, &lt;em&gt;Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1002/ghg.2344&lt;/p&gt;
  488. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1562087" target="_blank"&gt;Machine learning provides reconnaissance-type estimates of carbon dioxide storage resources in oil and gas reservoirs&lt;/a&gt;, Attanasi et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1562087" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1562087&lt;/p&gt;
  489. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01745-5" target="_blank"&gt;Scaling and heating will drive low-temperature CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; electrolysers to operate at higher temperatures&lt;/a&gt;, Pelzer et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Energy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1038/s41560-025-01745-5&lt;/p&gt;
  490. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2278" target="_blank"&gt;Synergies of storing hydrogen at the crest of CO2${rm CO}&amp;amp;{2}$ or other gas storage&lt;/a&gt;, Rhouma et al., &lt;em&gt;Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ghg.2278" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ghg.2278" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.1002/ghg.2278&lt;/p&gt;
  491. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58463-5" target="_blank"&gt;Temperate forests can deliver future wood demand and climate-change mitigation dependent on afforestation and circularity&lt;/a&gt;, Forster et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58463-5&lt;/p&gt;
  492. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decarbonization&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  493. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101738" target="_blank"&gt;Incentivizing photovoltaic panel cleaning in green building standards: A policy framework&lt;/a&gt;, Younis et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy for Sustainable Development&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101738&lt;/p&gt;
  494. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1552071" target="_blank"&gt;Mechanistic insights into the influences of photovoltaic panel construction on algal crust microbial communities in alpine desert grasslands&lt;/a&gt;, Qi et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1552071" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1552071&lt;/p&gt;
  495. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114595" target="_blank"&gt;Public opposition to coal-fired power in emerging economies&lt;/a&gt;, Alkon et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114595" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114595&lt;/p&gt;
  496. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70021" target="_blank"&gt;Transatlantic Coastal Community Voices on Floating Offshore Wind Farms With Artificial Reefs&lt;/a&gt;, Dubois et al., &lt;em&gt;Wind Energy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70021" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/we.70021&lt;/p&gt;
  497. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geoengineering climate&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  498. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104080" target="_blank"&gt;Community perspectives on marine carbon dioxide removal and ocean alkalinity enhancement: A future scenario approach&lt;/a&gt;, Nawaz &amp;amp; Belotti, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104080" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104080&lt;/p&gt;
  499. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.009" target="_blank"&gt;Effects of solar radiation modification on precipitation extremes in Southeast Asia: Insights from the GeoMIP G6 experiments&lt;/a&gt;, FENG et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.009" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.009&lt;/p&gt;
  500. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114922" target="_blank"&gt;Influence of Wave Action on Applications of Olivine-Based Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement on Sandy Beaches&lt;/a&gt;, England &amp;amp; Bach, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114922" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl114922&lt;/p&gt;
  501. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005567" target="_blank"&gt;Low-Altitude High-Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Is Feasible With Existing Aircraft&lt;/a&gt;, Duffey et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005567" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005567&lt;/p&gt;
  502. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113627" target="_blank"&gt;Reduced Winter-Time Clear Air Turbulence in the Trans-Atlantic Region Under Stratospheric Aerosol Injection&lt;/a&gt;, Barnes et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113627" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113627&lt;/p&gt;
  503. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Black carbon&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  504. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.003" target="_blank"&gt;Radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic due to recent&amp;nbsp;extreme&amp;nbsp;summer&amp;nbsp;fires&lt;/a&gt;, CHEN et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.003" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.003&lt;/p&gt;
  505. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change communications &amp;amp; cognition&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  506. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-24-0080.1" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Change Reporting and Green Energy Misdirection: U.S. Media Coverage of the 2021 Texas Blackouts during Winter Storm Uri&lt;/a&gt;, Hopke, &lt;em&gt;Weather, Climate, and Society&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/wcas-d-24-0080.1&lt;/p&gt;
  507. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102583" target="_blank"&gt;Microplastics in food and drink: Predictors of public risk perceptions and support for plastic-reducing policies based on a climate change framework&lt;/a&gt;, Fian et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Environmental Psychology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102583&lt;/p&gt;
  508. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104069" target="_blank"&gt;Opinion poles: Polarised views on energy developments in Canada's oil province&lt;/a&gt;, Rollins et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104069" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104069&lt;/p&gt;
  509. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2311400122" target="_blank"&gt;Psychological impacts of climate change on US youth&lt;/a&gt;, Vercammen et al., &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2311400122" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1073/pnas.2311400122&lt;/p&gt;
  510. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1566033" target="_blank"&gt;State-level climate obstruction and discourses of climate delay: insights from Arizona&lt;/a&gt;, Eskridge-Aldama, &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1566033" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fclim.2025.1566033&lt;/p&gt;
  511. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2497218" target="_blank"&gt;Sustainable educational leadership and the climate crisis: knowledge, power, and positive futures&lt;/a&gt;, Kalyani, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Politics&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/09644016.2025.2497218&lt;/p&gt;
  512. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102609" target="_blank"&gt;Trust in Climate Scientists is Associated with Political Ideology: A 26-Country Analysis&lt;/a&gt;, Rems&amp;ouml; et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Environmental Psychology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102609&lt;/p&gt;
  513. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241563" target="_blank"&gt;What kinds of speeches motivate climate action?&lt;/a&gt;, Reinhardt &amp;amp; Whitehouse Harvey Whitehouse, &lt;em&gt;Royal Society Open Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241563" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1098/rsos.241563&lt;/p&gt;
  514. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  515. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005033" target="_blank"&gt;Advancing the Modeling of Future Climate and Innovation Impacts on Perennial Crops to Support Adaptation: A Case Study of California Almonds&lt;/a&gt;, Wu et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005033" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005033&lt;/p&gt;
  516. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1541302" target="_blank"&gt;Comparing aboveground carbon stocks in coffee agroforestry and secondary and primary forests in Gayo Highlands, Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;, Anhar et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Forests and Global Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1541302" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1541302&lt;/p&gt;
  517. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02284-3" target="_blank"&gt;Finnish forest-related laws need to acknowledge climate change risks and integrate adaptive strategies to enhance resiliency&lt;/a&gt;, Khanam et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02284-3&lt;/p&gt;
  518. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005479" target="_blank"&gt;Global Rice Paddy Inventory (GRPI): A High-Resolution Inventory of Methane Emissions From Rice Agriculture Based on Landsat Satellite Inundation Data&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005479" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005479&lt;/p&gt;
  519. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank"&gt;Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&amp;amp;v1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, Han et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  520. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8880" target="_blank"&gt;Spring Rapid Temperature Variability in Southern China: Characteristics, Decadal Trend and Associated Climate Impacts on Crop Yield&lt;/a&gt;, Yang et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1002/joc.8880&lt;/p&gt;
  521. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1969-2025" target="_blank"&gt;The effectiveness of agricultural carbon dioxide removal using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model&lt;/a&gt;, Evans &amp;amp; Matthews Matthews, &lt;em&gt;Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/bg-22-1969-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  522. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104077" target="_blank"&gt;The integration of peatlands into the EU Common Agricultural Policy: Recent progress and remaining challenges&lt;/a&gt;, Nordbeck et al., &lt;em&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104077" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104077&lt;/p&gt;
  523. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hydrology, hydrometeorology &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  524. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113737" target="_blank"&gt;Fast Warming Over the Mongolian Plateau a Catalyst for Extreme Rainfall Over North China&lt;/a&gt;, Gu et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113737" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113737&lt;/p&gt;
  525. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02247-8" target="_blank"&gt;Hydropower system in the Yarlung-Tsangpo Grand Canyon can mitigate flood disasters caused by climate change&lt;/a&gt;, Zhang et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02247-8&lt;/p&gt;
  526. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114309" target="_blank"&gt;Record-High Precipitation Over Eastern Europe Induced by Tropical-Subtropical North Atlantic Warming in Late Fall 2023&lt;/a&gt;, Hou et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114309" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl114309&lt;/p&gt;
  527. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.008" target="_blank"&gt;Weakening trends of glacier and snowmelt-induced floods in the Upper Yarkant River Basin, Karakoram during 1961?2022&lt;/a&gt;, YI et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.008" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.04.008&lt;/p&gt;
  528. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change economics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  529. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00089-0" target="_blank"&gt;Coastal adaptation and damage costs at different global warming thresholds&lt;/a&gt;, Wong et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Natural Hazards&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s44304-025-00089-0&lt;/p&gt;
  530. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2491539" target="_blank"&gt;Estimating the economy-wide and redistributive impacts of mitigation in South Africa&lt;/a&gt;, Hartley et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate and Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2491539" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/17565529.2025.2491539&lt;/p&gt;
  531. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114577" target="_blank"&gt;Green transition for Turkey: Growth, employment, and trade deficit effects&lt;/a&gt;, G&amp;ouml;zk&amp;uuml;n &amp;amp; Orhangazi , &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114577&lt;/p&gt;
  532. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114635" target="_blank"&gt;The impact of FDI- and import-related technology spillovers from government-funded green energy R&amp;amp;D in developed countries on CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions in developing countries&lt;/a&gt;, Herzer, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114635" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114635&lt;/p&gt;
  533. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114569" target="_blank"&gt;Targeted finance and the adoption of solar irrigation by smallholder and women farmers&lt;/a&gt;, Bhattarai et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114569" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114569&lt;/p&gt;
  534. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103004" target="_blank"&gt;Transitioning to net Zero: Assessing the impacts on asset impairment, write-downs and the going concern of oil and gas companies operating in the UK&lt;/a&gt;, Abdo et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Environmental Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103004" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103004&lt;/p&gt;
  535. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change mitigation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  536. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5125025" target="_blank"&gt;Assessing production-based and consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: insights for mitigation and policy&lt;/a&gt;, Almutairi, &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.2139/ssrn.5125025&lt;/p&gt;
  537. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102998" target="_blank"&gt;Beyond &amp;lsquo;Not in my electoral Year&amp;rsquo;: Why do some elected officials oppose renewable energy projects?&lt;/a&gt;, Delcayre &amp;amp; Bourdin, &lt;em&gt;Global Environmental Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102998" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102998&lt;/p&gt;
  538. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1570848" target="_blank"&gt;Climate policy uncertainty, environmental regulation, and corporate green innovation&lt;/a&gt;, Yi et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1570848" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1570848&lt;/p&gt;
  539. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000613" target="_blank"&gt;Climate transparency&amp;rsquo;s unmet promises: A necessary stocktaking&lt;/a&gt;, Gupta et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000613" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000613&lt;/p&gt;
  540. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114578" target="_blank"&gt;Close ties: How trade dynamics and environmental regulations shape international dependence on oil&lt;/a&gt;, Cappelli &amp;amp; Carnazza , &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114578" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114578&lt;/p&gt;
  541. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2494782" target="_blank"&gt;Conceptualizing transformative climate action: insights from sufficiency research&lt;/a&gt;, Richard et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2494782" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2494782&lt;/p&gt;
  542. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-188" target="_blank"&gt;Differences in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions estimates explained&lt;/a&gt;, Lamb et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/essd-2025-188&lt;/p&gt;
  543. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2496326" target="_blank"&gt;Dual dependence on low-carbon transition of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan: the policy perspective&lt;/a&gt;, Wang &amp;amp; Lin, &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2496326&lt;/p&gt;
  544. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104070" target="_blank"&gt;Navigating conflicts between niche and regime intermediaries in the energy transition&lt;/a&gt;, Laur &amp;amp; Kanda, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104070" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104070&lt;/p&gt;
  545. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59029-1" target="_blank"&gt;Quantifying the trade-offs between renewable energy visibility and system costs&lt;/a&gt;, Tsani et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59029-1&lt;/p&gt;
  546. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114632" target="_blank"&gt;The impact of best practice on energy efficiency in industrial decarbonization policy&lt;/a&gt;, Ali &amp;amp; Evans Evans, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114632" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114632&lt;/p&gt;
  547. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2497881" target="_blank"&gt;The policy impact of climate change advisory bodies: government responses to the UK Climate Change Committee&amp;rsquo;s recommendations, 2009&amp;ndash;2020&lt;/a&gt;, Dudley et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2497881" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2497881&lt;/p&gt;
  548. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104078" target="_blank"&gt;The process matters: Exploring public participation in solar energy projects in Brazil and Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, Rielli &amp;amp; Campos, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104078" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104078&lt;/p&gt;
  549. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104082" target="_blank"&gt;Unlocking motivation for energy saving: A study of German electricity consumer segments&lt;/a&gt;, Webb et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104082" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104082&lt;/p&gt;
  550. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change adaptation &amp;amp; adaptation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  551. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.12.008" target="_blank"&gt;Assessment of flood loss in administrative units based on improved vulnerability curves&lt;/a&gt;, Yan et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.12.008" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2024.12.008&lt;/p&gt;
  552. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1574981" target="_blank"&gt;Deep learning approaches for time series prediction in climate resilience applications&lt;/a&gt;, Chen &amp;amp; Dong , &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1574981" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1574981&lt;/p&gt;
  553. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100716" target="_blank"&gt;Identifying transformative decisions: A dual approach to adaptation pathways design using forward-exploration and backcasting&lt;/a&gt;, van der Beek et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100716" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100716&lt;/p&gt;
  554. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1548983" target="_blank"&gt;Preparedness for climate change in rural areas&amp;mdash;case study in three southern Finnish villages&lt;/a&gt;, Ruponen et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1548983" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fclim.2025.1548983&lt;/p&gt;
  555. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1549686" target="_blank"&gt;Putting migration in context: a review of how theory and methods shape climate-induced migration research findings&lt;/a&gt;, Turner et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1549686" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fclim.2025.1549686&lt;/p&gt;
  556. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.005" target="_blank"&gt;Quantifying the impact of infrastructure-based urban adaptation strategies&amp;nbsp;on summer air temperature and heat exposure risk in Chinese&amp;nbsp;cities&lt;/a&gt;, Shang et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.005" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.005&lt;/p&gt;
  557. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70012" target="_blank"&gt;Socioeconomic Resilience of Local Communities in the Face of Climate Change-Induced Hazards: The Role of Social Capital&lt;/a&gt;, Gatiso &amp;amp; Greenhalgh, &lt;em&gt;Climate Resilience and Sustainability&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70012" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/cli2.70012&lt;/p&gt;
  558. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0039.1" target="_blank"&gt;The Changes in Heating and Cooling Energy Demand in Beijing and Shanghai under Global Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Xu et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jamc-d-24-0039.1&lt;/p&gt;
  559. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000612" target="_blank"&gt;Transdisciplinarity in climate change adaptation: An agenda for evidence generation&lt;/a&gt;, Olazabal et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000612" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000612&lt;/p&gt;
  560. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change impacts on human health&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  561. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196251334760" target="_blank"&gt;Anthropocene mortality cycle convergence: Global pathogen spread eclipses climate&lt;/a&gt;, Walkowiak et al., &lt;em&gt;The Anthropocene Review&lt;/em&gt; 10.1177/20530196251334760&lt;/p&gt;
  562. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100712" target="_blank"&gt;Everyone&amp;rsquo;s Adaptation: Exploring individual heat stress adaptation&lt;/a&gt;, Sultana et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100712" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100712&lt;/p&gt;
  563. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102425" target="_blank"&gt;Relationship between LCZ and physical activity in residential areas: A mediating role of perceptions of heat risks in climate change&lt;/a&gt;, Dong et al., &lt;em&gt;Urban Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102425&lt;/p&gt;
  564. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1300" target="_blank"&gt;Unprecedented September Heatwave in the Yangtze River Basin in 2024 and the Great Exposure Risk to School Students&lt;/a&gt;, Tiejun et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Science Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1300" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/asl.1300&lt;/p&gt;
  565. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change &amp;amp; geopolitics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  566. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2492441" target="_blank"&gt;A critical defence of the crime of ecocide&lt;/a&gt;, Killean &amp;amp; Short, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Politics&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2492441" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/09644016.2025.2492441&lt;/p&gt;
  567. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change impacts on human culture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  568. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-24-0087.1" target="_blank"&gt;Exploration of Racial Dynamics and Climate Change Experience: Insights from Underrepresented Communities in Interior Alaska&lt;/a&gt;, Curry et al., &lt;em&gt;Weather, Climate, and Society&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/wcas-d-24-0087.1&lt;/p&gt;
  569. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  570. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd043022" target="_blank"&gt;Recent Changes in Hemispheric Asymmetry of Stratospheric Water Vapor&lt;/a&gt;, Xu et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2024jd043022&lt;/p&gt;
  571. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informed opinion, nudges &amp;amp; major initiatives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  572. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02328-8" target="_blank"&gt;Ambiguity of early warning signals for climate tipping points&lt;/a&gt;, Rietkerk et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Climate Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1038/s41558-025-02328-8&lt;/p&gt;
  573. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady3211" target="_blank"&gt;Convergence and consensus&lt;/a&gt;, Garnier et al., &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady3211" target="_blank"&gt;Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady3211"&gt;10.1126/science.ady3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  574. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44438-025-00007-x" target="_blank"&gt;Editorial &amp;ndash; toward Carbon Neutral Systems&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Carbon Neutral Systems&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44438" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1007/s44438-025-00007-x&lt;/p&gt;
  575. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady4512" target="_blank"&gt;NSF kills grants to comply with war on woke&lt;/a&gt;, Mervis, &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1126/science.ady4512&lt;/p&gt;
  576. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59178-3" target="_blank"&gt;Polar regions are critical in achieving global sustainable development goals&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59178-3&lt;/p&gt;
  577. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Book reviews&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  578. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108854030" target="_blank"&gt;Building capabilities for Earth system governance&lt;/a&gt;, Prantl et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7F1CDA0C47DD04BCB97550E9F5353703/9781009485876AR.pdf/building-capabilities-for-earth-system-governance.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.1017/9781108854030&lt;/p&gt;
  579. &lt;hr /&gt;
  580. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="gov-ngo"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change&lt;/h3&gt;
  581. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/67ee394e98b3bac1ec299bf7/climate-adaptation-research-innovation-framework.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Adaptation Research and Innovation Framework&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Climate Adaptation Research and Innovation Board, &lt;strong&gt;Government of the United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  582. &lt;blockquote&gt;The framework outlines the research and innovation (R&amp;amp;I) needed to support adaptation plans across UK governments and sectors. It identifies the main climate adaptation research and innovation challenges that can help us address climate risks and opportunities identified in the third UK Climate Change Risk Assessment. The framework supports an evidence-based program of public sector research and innovation and provides information for businesses and academics working on climate adaptation related research.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  583. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://pcrm.widen.net/s/kgwshsgq2g/physicians-committee-for-responsible-medicine-morning-consult-earth-day-food-climate-change-survey" target="_blank"&gt;Earth Day Survey&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morning Consult and the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  584. &lt;blockquote&gt;The poll was conducted on March 24th - March 26th, 2025, among 2,203 US Adults among the general population. Americans are generally unaware that food contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, much less what foods are responsible for driving emissions. Most Americans correctly rank beef to be the top emitter in a set of beef, cheese, vegetables, tofu, and nuts. Still, many adults ranked vegetables as the top emitter in the set, above both beef and cheese; showcasing a need for public education on agriculture emissions. Adults appear to be generally aware of this gap in knowledge in that most agree that federal food policy should discuss the impact of food choices on climate change, and the government should offer incentives to animal agriculture farmers to transition to growing crops and orchards instead. Nearly half of adults would consider eating a plant-based diet to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, suggesting that framing plant-based diets as an actionable part of the solution to climate change could aid in broader adoption of such diets. However, taxation on meat and dairy industries for their greenhouse gas emissions is slightly more divisive, as many adults may interpret this as potentially increasing the price of the foods they purchase from these industries.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  585. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-25-107172.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Artificial Intelligence: Generative AI's Environmental and Human Effects&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Fletcher et al,, &lt;strong&gt;Government Accountability Office&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  586. &lt;blockquote&gt;Generative artificial intelligence (AI) could revolutionize entire industries. In the nearer term, it may dramatically increase productivity and transform daily tasks in many sectors. However, both its benefits and risks, including its environmental and human effects, are unknown or unclear. Generative AI uses significant energy and water resources, but companies are generally not reporting details of these uses. Most estimates of environmental effects of generative AI technologies have focused on quantifying the energy consumed, and carbon emissions associated with generating that energy, required to train the generative AI model. Estimates of water consumption by generative AI are limited. Generative AI is expected to be a driving force for data center demand, but what portion of data center electricity consumption is related to generative AI is unclear. According to the International Energy Agency, U.S. data center electricity consumption was approximately 4 percent.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  587. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.portseattle.org/sites/default/files/2025-04/Seattle%20Waterfront%20Clean%20Energy%20Strategy%20-%20FINAL.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Seattle Waterfront Clean Energy Strategy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Port of Seattle, Northwest Seaport Alliance and Seattle City Light&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  588. &lt;blockquote&gt;The purpose of the strategy is to proactively develop the enabling clean energy infrastructure required to electrify vehicles, vessels, rail, equipment, buildings and other end uses at Port and related facilities. The strategy takes a holistic approach to forecast future electrification demand from major maritime uses along the Seattle waterfront, assess power infrastructure constraints, identify capital investments, recommend strategic actions, and establish a framework for ongoing implementation between the Port and Seattle City Light, the local electric utility. The strategy is a roadmap for the decarbonization of a significant segment of port-related maritime operations and identifies 33 capital projects and eight strategic actions for implementation. It is important to note, however, that there remains significant uncertainty in key aspects underlying this strategy and the broader energy transition in which this work is situated.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  589. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/web.sas.upenn.edu/dist/0/896/files/2025/04/SMR-Dead-End-4-14-25-FINAL-1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Smaller nuclear reactors (SMRs) are a costly dead end, especially for AI: Trump&amp;rsquo;s tariffs and other policies make them even more of a losing bet&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Joseph Romm, &lt;strong&gt;University of Pennsylvania Center for Science, Sustainability, and the Media&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  590. &lt;blockquote&gt;Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a dead end&amp;mdash;with high risks of cost overruns, delays, and reliability/safety problems. That is why efforts to commercialize them have failed for decades. Worse, Trump&amp;rsquo;s policies &amp;ldquo;severely increase the risk of expensive, unexpected nuclear accidents,&amp;rdquo; Scientific American warned in March. SMRs also have tariff risks since they need foreign sales, foreign uranium, and foreign components to succeed. For decades, reactors have kept getting larger to capture economies of scale. So, SMRs face significant shrinkage diseconomies and a higher cost per MW than large reactors like those at Vogtle in Georgia. Cost escalation is endemic to SMRs. So, SMRs would mean even higher rates for consumers than big reactors. In 2025, solar, wind, and batteries represent 93% of planned U.S. utility-scale electric-generating capacity additions. Also, recent studies find advanced geothermal energy is on track to provide baseload and potentially dispatchable power three times cheaper to build than Vogtle by 2030.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  591. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.greenhousethinktank.org/static/2025/Briefing-Paper_Economy-Managing-UK-Economy-in-times-of-Climate-Emergency-v1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Managing the UK Economy in times of the Climate Emergency&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Emma Dawnay, &lt;strong&gt;Green House Think Tank&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  592. &lt;blockquote&gt;To have the best chance of successfully transitioning to an economy which is not dependent on fossil fuels, the economic system which drives human activity must be reorganized. The &amp;lsquo;needs&amp;rsquo; of financial markets must become subordinate to the &amp;lsquo;needs&amp;rsquo; of physics to maintain planetary conditions compatible with human civilization. The mainstream consensus on how a national economy should be managed has little theoretical underpinning; rather, it has evolved with the massive growth in financial markets. The shortcomings of the mainstream consensus have been highlighted by non-orthodox economists for decades, but now more than ever this consensus needs to be reassessed as it is limiting our response to the climate emergency as well as causing unnecessary austerity and hardship. This briefing aims to explain descriptively how a national economy works, how the current consensus is limiting what we can achieve, and how the UK economy could be managed differently.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  593. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1020427/x/997c717885/cra_wastewater_memo-2.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Protecting and modernizing America&amp;rsquo;s water infrastructure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Eli Cain and Giana Amador, &lt;strong&gt;Carbon Removal Alliance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  594. &lt;blockquote&gt;Today, carbon removal companies in the United States are partnering with other industries to generate technological improvements, cost savings, new revenue streams, and environmental benefits. As the carbon removal field grows, so too does its potential to reinforce critical American industries and safeguard essential infrastructure. These partnerships represent powerful economic engines for local communities across the country. With more than 16,000 municipal facilities and thousands of industrial treatment plants in the United States, the wastewater treatment industry concentrates and generates hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide each year. Through effective federal policy, partnerships can become a key source of demand for durable carbon removal. These policies will have the dual impact of promoting carbon removal and bolstering essential American water infrastructure.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  595. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1020427/x/2b2c4c43a7/cra_critical-minerals_memo.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Securing American leadership on critical minerals&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Cain et al,, &lt;strong&gt;Carbon Removal Alliance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  596. &lt;blockquote&gt;By focusing on carbon removal alongside the extraction and processing of key minerals, the U.S. can position itself as a leader in both resource development and mining innovation. This approach would reduce reliance on foreign supply chains, improve energy security, and promote a more efficient and profitable industrial base. Across the globe, the mining industry has begun partnering with and investing in carbon removal companies. These partnerships reflect the growing understanding that carbon removal can be effectively integrated into new, existing, and legacy mine sites &amp;mdash; creating opportunities for new revenue streams and operational efficiencies.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  597. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.tni.org/files/2025-04/What%20does%20the%20Global%20Arms%20Race%20mean%20for%20Climate%20Action%20Comms%20Breifing.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;What does the global arms race mean for climate action?&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Transnational Institute&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  598. &lt;blockquote&gt;It might be tempting to call climate change a &amp;lsquo;security threat&amp;rsquo; as a way of highlighting its political importance. Governments have failed to prioritize real threats to our safety, such as the climate emergency, habitat loss, and species extinction. But framing climate action in terms of national security is also used by those who want to greenwash militarization. Global military emissions already account for about 5.5% of total global greenhouse gas emissions, a figure which will only rise in the case of war. Militaries want us to believe they can &amp;ldquo;green&amp;rdquo; their activities, but they are major emitters of greenhouse gases, and they will remain dependent on fossil fuels for many decades at least. Standing up for the planet means advocating for peace. Campaigners should avoid conceding to governments prioritizing military spending over climate action, implying, even unintentionally, that climate impacts can be addressed through military action, and narrowing the scope of climate ambition.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  599. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.globalmethanehub.org/2025/04/29/new-international-poll-countries-most-impacted-by-climate-change-exhibit-the-strongest-support-for-climate-and-methane-action/" target="_blank"&gt;Countries Most Impacted by Climate Change Exhibit the Strongest Support for Climate and Methane Action&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Global Methane Hub&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  600. &lt;blockquote&gt;According to a new poll, the vast majority of Americans support taking action to minimize the impacts of climate change (77% total support), as well as actions to minimize harmful methane emissions (75% total support). The international survey, conducted in the United States and 17 total countries across the globe, examined public support for climate change solutions including reducing harmful methane emissions. With popular international efforts to monitor, report and limit methane pollution like the EU Methane Regulation now coming into force amid intensifying climate change impacts around the globe, the findings reveal strong global public support and urgency for leaders to take decisive action to curb the harmful impacts of methane.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  601. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:46617c8b-98a4-4d54-b259-f4bdcbaab0b8/sri-sigma-natural-catastrophes-1-2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Sigma. Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Banerjee et al,, &lt;strong&gt;Swiss Re Management Ltd&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  602. &lt;blockquote&gt;Last year&amp;rsquo;s insured losses from natural catastrophes were on trend at USD 137 billion. Following the long-term trend of 5 ? 7% annual increase in real terms, insured losses from natural catastrophes will approach USD 145 billion in 2025. This year started with wildfires sweeping across the Los Angeles area in January. The currently estimated USD 40 billion of resultant insured losses is a record high, but the fires on their own will not be cause of notable deviation from the annual loss growth trend. The scale of losses elicited a reinsurance response, with two thirds of the claims payouts coming from primary insurers, and the rest from reinsurers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  603. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.anz.veolia.com/newsroom/newsroom/aussies-say-we-want-renewables-over-nuclear-and-coal" target="_blank"&gt;Aussies say: We want renewables over nuclear and coal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;YouGov, &lt;strong&gt;Veolia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  604. &lt;blockquote&gt;Seven out of 10 Australians (71%) want a faster renewable energy transition, despite current cost-of-living pressures. Most Australians support renewable energy developments between 21-50km from their homes, with 61% open to closer facilities if electricity discounts are offered. 82% of Australians say they pay too much for electricity, highlighting the opportunity for cost effective renewable solutions.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  605. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://news.gov.bc.ca/files/ZEV_Annual_Report.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Zero-Emission Vehicle Update 2024&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Province of British Columbia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  606. &lt;blockquote&gt;The report shows that British Columbia has been a leader in the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) for more than a decade. Since 2011, the Province has invested more than $650 million to support people in British Columbia in making the switch to cleaner transportation. That commitment has paid off as there are nearly 195,000 ZEVs on B.C. roads, up from just 5,000 in 2016. British Columbia has one of Canada&amp;rsquo;s largest public-charging networks, with more than 7,000 stations in place. This includes B.C.&amp;rsquo;s Electric Highway, a comprehensive network of fast-charging stations along all major highways and roadways in B.C. completed in 2024, so people can travel throughout the province with confidence. During this time of economic instability, the Province is reviewing programs to ensure that they best meet the needs of people in B.C.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  607. &lt;hr /&gt;
  608. &lt;h3&gt;About &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  609. &lt;p&gt;Click &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/About_Skeptical_Science_New_Research.shtml"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the why and how of Skeptical Science &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  610. &lt;h3&gt;Suggestions&lt;/h3&gt;
  611. &lt;p&gt;Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php"&gt;contact form&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  612. &lt;h3&gt;Previous edition&lt;/h3&gt;
  613. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_17.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  614. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_18.html</link>
  615. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_18.html</guid>
  616. <pubDate>Thu, 1 May 2025 15:07:47 EST</pubDate>
  617. </item>  <item>
  618. <title>Make China great again!</title>
  619. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/make-china-great-again"&gt;re-post from the Climate Brink by Andrew Dessler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  620. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;As readers of this Substack will know, I've been increasingly concerned about the destruction of one of America&amp;rsquo;s greatest competitive advantages: our university research system. Recently, the Trump administration announced that they were going to cut university overhead rates to 15%. This sounds like a discussion that would put an accountant to sleep, but it's actually quite important, as this post describes. This was&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://thebulletin.org/2025/04/make-china-great-again-how-trumps-attacks-on-universities-will-backfire/"&gt;originally published Apr. 18&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  621. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  622. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2def050a-58be-46a8-943c-62a6ea3e8ba5_1535x319.png" alt="" width="728" height="151.5" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2def050a-58be-46a8-943c-62a6ea3e8ba5_1535x319.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:303,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:728,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:84944,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/161810857?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2def050a-58be-46a8-943c-62a6ea3e8ba5_1535x319.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  623. &lt;/div&gt;
  624. &lt;p&gt;There&amp;rsquo;s an important battle brewing over university overhead rates. Sounds boring, right? But hang with me and you&amp;rsquo;ll see why this is so crucially important to America. It will determine whether breakthrough technologies emerge in American labs or Chinese ones.&lt;/p&gt;
  625. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Last week, the Department of Energy&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/energy-department-cuts-university-overhead-rates-to-15-on-research-grants"&gt;slashed university overhead rates to 15 percent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. They claim this saves taxpayers $405 million annually while ensuring funds support &amp;ldquo;support scientific research&amp;mdash;not foot the bill for administrative costs and facility upgrades.&amp;rdquo; This is dangerously misleading.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  626. &lt;p&gt;To understand why, let me start by explaining what &amp;ldquo;overhead&amp;rdquo; means. When you picture a university research lab, you probably imagine scientists in lab coats, surrounded by high-tech equipment, performing groundbreaking experiments. What you see in this mental image are what we would call &amp;ldquo;direct costs&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;things that are directly involved in a research project.&lt;/p&gt;
  627. &lt;p&gt;What you don&amp;rsquo;t see are the countless support systems making that research possible. Air conditioning, electricity for lighting, wifi, janitorial services, administrative support for payroll and purchasing, and a million other things that cannot be neatly assigned to a particular research project but without which research cannot be done.&lt;/p&gt;
  628. &lt;p&gt;These costs are what go into &amp;ldquo;overhead&amp;rdquo; and they fall into two main categories. First are shared, distributed expenses spread across the entire research enterprise that would be impossible or absurdly inefficient to track project-by-project: think HVAC systems, IT support, building maintenance, administrative staff processing grants, library resources, and safety training.&lt;/p&gt;
  629. &lt;p&gt;Trying to determine how many kilowatt-hours each of the 300 experiments running in a building consumed, or what percentage of the university&amp;rsquo;s toilet paper expense should be charged to a specific project would be a bureaucratic nightmare.&lt;/p&gt;
  630. &lt;p&gt;Second are long-term investments that must be spread over many years: constructing laboratory spaces for faculty, building office space and classrooms for graduate students, building core research facilities, and upgrading infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;
  631. &lt;p&gt;When a university recruits a promising new scientist, they might invest millions in building out lab space before that researcher has even secured their first grant. These costs should be recovered gradually over time.&lt;/p&gt;
  632. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  633. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  634. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" title="" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78da87b2-fa22-4570-b85a-ac913b65b1c0_3072x2026.png" alt="" width="550" height="363" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78da87b2-fa22-4570-b85a-ac913b65b1c0_3072x2026.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:960,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:4583700,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/161810857?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78da87b2-fa22-4570-b85a-ac913b65b1c0_3072x2026.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  635. &lt;/div&gt;
  636. &lt;p&gt;At Texas A&amp;amp;M University, our overhead rate is 54 percent. Thus, for a hypothetical proposal with $100,000 in direct research costs (salaries, supplies, equipment), an additional $54,000 is requested to support the overhead that makes that research possible. So the total cost to the government for this work would be $154,000. This is comparable to other research universities, which generally have overhead rates between 50 and 70 percent.&lt;/p&gt;
  637. &lt;p&gt;This rate isn&amp;rsquo;t arbitrary. It&amp;rsquo;s negotiated with the federal government through a rigorous process where A&amp;amp;M had to justify the costs going into the overhead rate to ensure it reflects the actual costs of research.&lt;/p&gt;
  638. &lt;p&gt;The Department of Energy&amp;rsquo;s 15 percent cap will blow a hole in universities&amp;rsquo; finances. There are three ways universities could respond.&lt;/p&gt;
  639. &lt;p&gt;First, university departments could explicitly include these costs in grant proposals. Imagine future research proposals where we must specify line items for &amp;ldquo;fraction of janitorial expenses,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;fraction of elevator maintenance,&amp;rdquo; or &amp;ldquo;fraction of wifi&amp;rdquo; used by a particular project.&lt;/p&gt;
  640. &lt;p&gt;Right now, such expenses would be prohibited because they are already covered by overhead. If the US government allows, however, those restrictions could be relaxed in response to overhead being cut. However, this approach would be comically inefficient. The administrative burden will increase costs overall, not reduce them. Science will slow to a crawl as researchers become part-time accountants.&lt;/p&gt;
  641. &lt;p&gt;Second, universities could find another source of money to cover these costs. But money needs to come from somewhere, and Texas A&amp;amp;M doesn&amp;rsquo;t have a pile of it sitting around waiting to be spent.&lt;/p&gt;
  642. &lt;p&gt;The only real options are through tuition increases or state appropriations. But this fundamentally misunderstands the value of federally funded research. University research benefits the entire nation&amp;mdash;creating new technologies, advancing healthcare, strengthening national security, and maintaining America&amp;rsquo;s competitive edge. Students shouldn&amp;rsquo;t bear this cost through higher tuition, nor should individual states subsidize what is clearly a national asset.&lt;/p&gt;
  643. &lt;p&gt;Third, universities could stop conducting DOE research. When each DOE grant becomes a financial liability rather than an asset, institutions will simply pull the plug. I worry that this will be the approach universities take.&lt;/p&gt;
  644. &lt;p&gt;If so, it won&amp;rsquo;t eliminate research; it will simply relocate it. Improvements in battery technologies, innovations in nuclear and renewable energy, and advances in other related fields will still happen, just not in America.&lt;/p&gt;
  645. &lt;p&gt;China, Europe, and other regions with rational research funding models will happily fill the void. Ultimately, in the name of saving 0.006 percent of the federal budget, we&amp;rsquo;re surrendering America&amp;rsquo;s technological leadership. But the true price of this penny-wise, pound-foolish policy can&amp;rsquo;t be measured in money&amp;mdash;it&amp;rsquo;s lost innovation, vanished industries, and diminished global standing. That&amp;rsquo;s a price America simply cannot afford.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  646. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/maca.html</link>
  647. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/maca.html</guid>
  648. <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 14:59:49 EST</pubDate>
  649. </item>  <item>
  650. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #17</title>
  651. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 30 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 20, 2025 thru Sat, April 26, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
  652. &lt;p&gt;This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. The formatting is a bit different compared to previous weeks, though. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;
  653. &lt;h3&gt;Stories we promoted this week, by category:&lt;/h3&gt;
  654. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Education and Communication (6 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  655. &lt;ul&gt;
  656. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2025/04/18/climate-change-transforming-how-scientists-think-about-their-roles" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change is transforming how scientists think about their roles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;CU Boulder researcher Pedro DiNezio emphasizes solving the problems of climate change in the here and now &lt;/em&gt; Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine, Sara Kuta, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  657. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2025/04/18/climate-change-transforming-how-scientists-think-about-their-roles" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change is transforming how scientists think about their roles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;CU Boulder researcher Pedro DiNezio emphasizes solving the problems of climate change in the here and now&lt;/em&gt; Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine, Sara Kuta, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  658. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/exposure-to-perceptible-temperature-rise-increases-concern-about-climate-change-higher-education-adds-to-understanding-249420" target="_blank"&gt;Exposure to perceptible temperature rise increases concern about climate change, higher education adds to understanding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Higher education can train students to carefully consider the evidence around them.&lt;/em&gt; The Conversation, R. Alexander Bentley, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  659. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/22/spiral-of-silence-climate-action-very-popular-why-dont-people-realise" target="_blank"&gt;`Spiral of silence`: climate action is very popular, so why don`t people realise it?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Researchers find 89% of people around the world want more to be done, but mistakenly assume their peers do not&lt;/em&gt; The Guardian, Damian Carrington, Apr 22, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  660. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/what-would-change-your-mind-about-climate-change-we-asked-5-000-australians-heres-what-they-told-us-254329" target="_blank"&gt;What would change your mind about climate change? We asked 5,000 Australians-here's what they told us&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; The Conversation, Kelly Kirkland, Abby Robinson, Amy S G Lee, Samantha Stanley and Zoe Leviston, Apr 23, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  661. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-translations.html" target="_blank"&gt;EGU2025 - Presentation about our translation activities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A preview and companion article to an upcoming presentation at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Apr 25, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  662. &lt;/ul&gt;
  663. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Misunderstandings about Climate Science (6 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  664. &lt;ul&gt;
  665. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://drilled.media/news/disinfo-2025" target="_blank"&gt;The Drilled Guide to Global Climate Disinformation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The terms and narratives the fossil fuel industry is using to obstruct climate action.&lt;/em&gt; Drilled, Amy Westervelt, Apr 19, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  666. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://climatecosmos.com/climate-news/20-climate-change-myths-that-scientific-evidence-disproves/" target="_blank"&gt;20 Climate Change Myths That Scientific Evidence Disproves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Climate Cosmos, Jessica Taylor, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  667. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/fossil-fuel-companies-poisoned-the-well-of-public-debate-with-climate-disinformation-heres-how-australia-can-break-free-251221" target="_blank"&gt;Fossil fuel companies 'poisoned the well' of public debate with climate disinformation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; The Conversation, Naomi Oreskes, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  668. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/04/eight-of-the-top-10-online-shows-are-spreading-climate-misinformation/" target="_blank"&gt;Eight of the top 10 online shows are spreading climate misinformation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Often backed by large advertising budgets, a new breed of climate denial is gaining popularity. &lt;/em&gt; Yale Climate Connections, YCC Staff, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  669. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/these-3-climate-misinformation-campaigns-are-operating-during-the-election-run-up-heres-how-to-spot-them-253441" target="_blank"&gt;These 3 climate misinformation campaigns are operating during the election run-up. Here&amp;rsquo;s how to spot them&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; The Conversation, Alfie Chadwick and Libby Lester, Apr 22, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  670. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/gfb-oism" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fact brief -&amp;nbsp;Do the 31,000 signatures of the OISM Petition Project invalidate the scientific consensus on climate change?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;No - Climatologists made up only 0.1% of signatories to a 1998 petition denying human-caused climate change &amp;mdash; the consensus among qualified scientists stands.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, Sue Bin Park, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  671. &lt;/ul&gt;
  672. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  673. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Policy and Politics (6 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  674. &lt;ul&gt;
  675. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://vancouversun.com/news/climate-change-news-to-april-20-25" target="_blank"&gt;B.C. climate news: B.C. ministers urge residents to have go-bags, insurance before floods and wildfires&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Here's all the latest local and international news concerning climate change for the week of April 14 to April 20, 2025.&lt;/em&gt; Vancouver Sun, Tiffany Crawford, Apr 19, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  676. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/three-ways-pope-francis-influenced-the-global-climate-movement-251430" target="_blank"&gt;Three ways Pope Francis influenced the global climate movement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Environment &amp;amp; Energy. The Conversation US, Celia Deane-Drummond, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  677. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.desmog.com/2025/04/21/climate-crisis-deniers-explain-why-they-like-u-s-energy-secretary-chris-wright/" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Crisis Deniers Explain Why They Like U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt; In exclusive interviews, they called the Trump administration official &amp;ldquo;terrific,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;very smart,&amp;rdquo; and someone who &amp;ldquo;gets it.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/em&gt; DeSmog, Geoff Dembicki, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  678. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250422-usa-scientists-race-to-save-climate-data-before-its-deleted-by-the-trump-administration" target="_blank"&gt;Inside the desperate rush to save decades of US scientific data from deletion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Swathes of scientific data deletions are sweeping across US government websites &amp;ndash; with decades of health, climate change and extreme weather research at risk. Now, scientists are racing to save their work before it's lost.&lt;/em&gt; BBC Future Earth, Chris Baraniuk, Apr 22, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  679. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/23/climate-action-politicians" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;lsquo;An outlier&amp;rsquo;: why does the US rank low on demands for climate action?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Support for climate action is growing in the US, but partisan divides and fossil fuel interests hold sway&lt;/em&gt; Environment, Danielle Renwick, Apr 23, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  680. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/6CeZqdZQBls?si=PTZVEqNuuIIwulvG" target="_blank"&gt;"finally a president who follows science"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Youtube, Simon Clark, Apr 25, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  681. &lt;/ul&gt;
  682. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Impacts (5 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  683. &lt;ul&gt;
  684. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/nature/two-degrees-tipping-point-for-amphibians/" target="_blank"&gt;Two degrees might be tipping point for amphibians says new report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Cosmos, Richard Musgrove, Apr 20,2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  685. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/04/polar-bear-population-in-western-hudson-bay-has-been-reduced-by-about-half/" target="_blank"&gt;Polar bear population in western Hudson Bay has been reduced by about half&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Scientists say climate change and melting sea ice are to blame. &lt;/em&gt; Yale Climate Connections, YCC Team, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  686. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/23/coral-reef-bleaching-record-heat-stress/" target="_blank"&gt;World&amp;rsquo;s largest bleaching event on record has harmed 84 percent of coral reefs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Bleached coral dies when exposed to heat stress for too long, threatening the bountiful marine ecosystem that depends on it for survival.&lt;/em&gt; Washington Post, Leo Sands, Apr 23, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  687. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/state-of-the-climate-2025-close-behind-2024-as-the-hottest-start-to-a-year/" target="_blank"&gt;State of the climate: 2025 close behind 2024 as the hottest start to a year&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Carbon Brief, Zeke Hausfather, Apr 24, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  688. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.cnbctv18.com/photos/india/environment/before-7-after-how-climate-change-is-transforming-our-planet-19588412.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Before &amp;amp; after: How climate change is transforming our planet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A rapidly warming planet poses a significant threat to all the lives on the Earth. Here's taking a 'before and after' look at the situation, which can worsen with time to come if we fail to act on it.&lt;/em&gt; CNBCTV18, Staff, Apr 26, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  689. &lt;/ul&gt;
  690. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Law and Justice (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  691. &lt;ul&gt;
  692. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://theconversation.com/lawsuits-seeking-to-address-climate-change-have-promise-but-face-uncertain-future-253484" target="_blank"&gt;Lawsuits seeking to address climate change have promise but face uncertain future&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; The Conversation - Articles (US), Hannah Wiseman, Professor of Law, Penn State, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  693. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/22/climate/noaa-co2-record/index.html" target="_blank"&gt;Trump administration minimized federal climate scientists&amp;rsquo; findings of record CO2 growth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; CNN Climate, Andrew Freeman, April 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  694. &lt;/ul&gt;
  695. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Miscellaneous (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  696. &lt;ul&gt;
  697. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_16.html" target="_blank"&gt;2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp;amp; Global Warming News Roundup #16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A listing of 28 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 13, 2025 thru Sat, April 19, 2025.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom &amp;amp; John Hartz, Apr 20, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  698. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250422-how-50-years-of-climate-change-has-changed-the-face-of-the-blue-marble" target="_blank"&gt;How 50 years of climate change has changed the face of the 'Blue Marble' from space&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The "Blue Marble" was the first photograph of the whole Earth and the only one ever taken by a human. Fifty years on, new images of the planet reveal visible changes to the Earth's surface.&lt;/em&gt; BBC Future Earth, Katherine Latham, Apr 22, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  699. &lt;/ul&gt;
  700. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  701. &lt;ul&gt;
  702. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-sustainable-climate-policies-benefit-environment.html" target="_blank"&gt;Sustainable climate policies can benefit both environment and social justice, researchers say&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Phys.org, Matt Davenport, University of Michigan, Apr 21, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  703. &lt;/ul&gt;
  704. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Science and Research (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  705. &lt;ul&gt;
  706. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24042025/global-carbon-dioxide-concentration-in-atmosphere-soared-2024/" target="_blank"&gt;A Grim Signal: Atmospheric CO2 Soared in 2024&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Scientists are worried because they can&amp;rsquo;t fully explain the big jump, but they think it might mean that carbon absorption by forests, fields and wetlands is slowing down&amp;mdash;a major problem for the world.&lt;/em&gt; Inside Climate News, Bob Berwyn, Apr 24, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  707. &lt;/ul&gt;
  708. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  709. &lt;ul&gt;
  710. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/windrural" target="_blank"&gt;Are wind projects hurting farmers and rural communities?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, Sabin Center Team, Apr 22, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  711. &lt;/ul&gt;
  712. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
  713. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_17.html</link>
  714. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_17.html</guid>
  715. <pubDate>Sun, 27 Apr 2025 10:20:03 EST</pubDate>
  716. </item>  <item>
  717. <title>Fact brief - Do the 31,000 signatures of the OISM Petition Project invalidate the scientific consensus on climate change?</title>
  718. <description>&lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-Banner-250px.jpg" alt="FactBrief" width="248" height="44" /&gt;Skeptical Science is partnering with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; to produce fact briefs &amp;mdash; bite-sized fact checks of trending claims. You can submit claims you think need checking via &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/tipline?org_id=1813" target="_blank"&gt;the tipline&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  719. &lt;h3&gt;Do the 31,000 signatures of the OISM Petition Project invalidate the scientific consensus on climate change?&lt;/h3&gt;
  720. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-No-200px.jpg" alt="No" width="200" height="59" /&gt;Climatologists made up only 0.1% of signatories to a 1998 petition denying human-caused climate change &amp;mdash; the consensus among qualified scientists stands.&lt;/p&gt;
  721. &lt;p&gt;Anyone claiming they had a science degree could sign the petition without expertise in climate science. There is a strong consensus among actively publishing climate scientists on the existence of human-made climate change that has only grown since 1998.&lt;/p&gt;
  722. &lt;p&gt;The 31,487 signatures, many found to be fictional or unverifiable, would represent 0.25% of all U.S. science graduates. Holding a science degree does not indicate expertise in scientific fields outside one&amp;rsquo;s specialty.&lt;/p&gt;
  723. &lt;p&gt;The petition was accompanied by a manuscript deceptively formatted to resemble the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. PNAS disavowed any affiliation with the manuscript and rejected its conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;
  724. &lt;p&gt;A 2021 review of 88,125 peer-reviewed climate change papers published since 2012 found that the climate change consensus exceeded 99%.&lt;/p&gt;
  725. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/oism" target="_blank"&gt;Go to full rebuttal on Skeptical Science&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-briefs/do-the-31000-signatures-of-the-oism-petition-project-invalidate-the-scientific-consensus-on-climate-change/" target="_blank"&gt;to the fact brief on Gigafact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  726. &lt;hr /&gt;
  727. &lt;p&gt;This fact brief is responsive to quotes such as &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/GR4H-MZDD" target="_blank"&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  728. &lt;hr /&gt;
  729. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  730. &lt;p&gt;Media Matters for USA &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/X8TS-NV6L" target="_blank"&gt;700 Club anchor touted global warming skeptics' petition reportedly signed by non-scientists, fictitious characters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  731. &lt;p&gt;HuffPost &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/V7PX-WNMV?type=image" target="_blank"&gt;The 30,000 Global Warming Petition Is Easily-Debunked Propaganda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  732. &lt;p&gt;National Academy of Sciences &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/4SKQ-UR7Q" target="_blank"&gt;Statement of the Council of the NAS Regarding Global Change Petition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  733. &lt;p&gt;The Seattle Times &lt;a href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19980501/2748308/jokers-add-fake-names-to-warming-petition" target="_blank"&gt;Jokers Add Fake Names To Warming Petition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  734. &lt;p&gt;Scientific American &lt;a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125025/http://www.sciam.com/page.cfm?section=sidebar&amp;amp;articleID=0004F43C-DC1A-1C6E-84A9809EC588EF21" target="_blank"&gt;SKEPTICISM ABOUT SKEPTICS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  735. &lt;p&gt;DeSmog &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/G7YS-FTNH" target="_blank"&gt;Oregon Petition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  736. &lt;p&gt;Scholars &amp;amp; Rogues &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/7EYA-8JYT" target="_blank"&gt;Federal education data shows OISM&amp;rsquo;s climate change denying Petition Project actually a tiny minority&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  737. &lt;p&gt;NASA &lt;a href="https://perma.cc/59ZD-6CYK" target="_blank"&gt;Scientific Consensus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  738. &lt;p&gt;Environmental Research Letters&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966" target="_blank"&gt;Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  739. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  740. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About fact briefs published on Gigafact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fact briefs are short, credibly sourced summaries that offer &amp;ldquo;yes/no&amp;rdquo; answers in response to claims found online. They rely on publicly available, often primary source data and documents. Fact briefs are created by contributors to &lt;a rel="noreferrer" href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; a nonprofit project looking to expand participation in fact-checking and protect the democratic process. &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;See all of our published fact briefs here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  741. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-brief-quiz/skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Quiz-Image-570px.jpg" alt="Gigafact Quiz" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  742. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-oism.html</link>
  743. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-oism.html</guid>
  744. <pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2025 10:23:47 EST</pubDate>
  745. </item>  <item>
  746. <title>EGU2025 - How the week in Vienna unfolded</title>
  747. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;Note: This blog post will be updated during EGU25 happening in Vienna from April 28 to May 2. Should recordings of the Great Debates and possibly Union Symposia mentioned below, be released sometime after the conference ends, I'll include links to the ones I participated in.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  748. &lt;p&gt;This year's&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu25.eu/" target="_blank"&gt;General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;started on Monday April 28 both on premises in Vienna and online as a fully hybrid conference. This year, I decided to join the conference in Vienna for the whole week,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/egu25-prolog" target="_blank"&gt;picking and chosing sessions&lt;/a&gt; I was interested in. At the time of publication this blog post was still an evolving compilation - a kind of personal diary - of the happenings from my perspective.&lt;/p&gt;
  749. &lt;p&gt;As this post will get fairly large, you can jump to the different days, via these links (bolded days have been added already):&lt;/p&gt;
  750. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html#Monday"&gt;Monday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html#Tuesday"&gt;Tuesday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; -&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html#Wednesday"&gt;Wednesday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; -&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html#Thursday"&gt;Thursday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html#Friday"&gt;Friday&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  751. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Diary-Welcome-01.jpg" alt="Welcome to EGU25" width="570" height="238" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  752. &lt;p&gt;The already published&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/egu25-prolog" target="_blank"&gt;prolog blog post&lt;/a&gt; contains general explanations about the session formats as well as my planned itinerary for the week.&lt;/p&gt;
  753. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="Monday"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Monday, April 28&lt;/h3&gt;
  754. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2025/monday/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  755. &lt;p&gt;To start the week, I attended&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Union Symposia (US5)&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;at 8:30am:&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/54308" target="_blank"&gt;Bridging Policy and Science for EU Disaster Preparedness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  756. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  757. &lt;p&gt;One of the greatest risks to our security is the impact of climate change. Extreme weather continues to ravage ever greater areas of Europe through floods, fires and droughts, throughout the year and across the European Union. The EU's new strategic agenda for 2024-2029 states that it will strengthen its resilience, preparedness, crisis prevention and response capacities in an all-hazards and whole-of-society approach to protect its citizens and societies against different crises, including disasters. [&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/54308" target="_blank"&gt;read the rest of the abstract here&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;
  758. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  759. &lt;p&gt;To start the session, the conveners had a surprise for us attendees: they asked us to get together in small groups and wander from one flip-chart to the next which they had set up around the lecture hall. Each flip chart had a question and we had about 10 minutes at each to discuss the question posed on it. I was with a group tackling the question "What are the main barriers in your view to a successful interplay between science and public authorities?" We came up with these thoughts before we had to move to the next "station": perception of scientific work as opinion pieces, vested interests, different interests, agendas, ideology, method differences, communication and vocabulary, and timeline differences. Other groups will have added their thoughts to this collection as we did with two other questions before the time allotted for this exercise was up, taking us back to our chairs.&lt;/p&gt;
  760. &lt;p&gt;Then it was the panelists turn to give short statements about the topic at hand:&lt;/p&gt;
  761. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chloe Hill&lt;/strong&gt; (EGU) presented a quick overview about "science for policy" in general, which included mentions of available newsletters and published policy briefs. She also introduced&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/news/1254/join-the-egus-new-climate-hazard-and-risk-task-force/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU's new Climate Hazard and Risk Task Force&lt;/a&gt; and made a plug for the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/04/10/geopolicy-your-guide-to-engaging-with-policy-at-egu25/" target="_blank"&gt;many policy-related sessions&lt;/a&gt; happening this week in Vienna.&lt;/p&gt;
  762. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Andrea Toreti&lt;/strong&gt; (European Commission Joint Research Centre) explained the three main areas where "Bridging Policy and Science" plays a role:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  763. &lt;ul&gt;
  764. &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Science follows Policy"&lt;/em&gt;: providing independent, evidence-based knowledge and science, supporting European Union (EU) policies to positively impact society.&lt;/li&gt;
  765. &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Science informs Policy"&lt;/em&gt;: Promoting trust and collective intelligence activities for co-creation between science and policy&lt;/li&gt;
  766. &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Science anticipates Policy"&lt;/em&gt;: providing foresight, thinking about worst-case scenarios which may have low probability. Keeping innovation and interdisciplinary in mind.&lt;/li&gt;
  767. &lt;/ul&gt;
  768. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Julia Berckmans &lt;/strong&gt;(European Environment Agency) briefly introduced the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/about/who-we-are/projects-and-cooperation-agreements/european-climate-risk-assessment" target="_blank"&gt;European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA)&lt;/a&gt;, a comprehensive assessment of current and future climate risks in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
  769. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Annika Fr&amp;ouml;wis&lt;/strong&gt; (University of Vienna) reported on the creaition of a &lt;em&gt;EU&lt;/em&gt;ropean Higher Education Network for &lt;em&gt;MA&lt;/em&gt;ster&amp;lsquo;s Programmes in Disaster Risk Management (&lt;a href="https://civil-protection-knowledge-network.europa.eu/projects/euma" target="_blank"&gt;EUMA&lt;/a&gt;) which will be a full credit masters course at the university and is currently under development. Its main objective is to deliver advanced education for Civil Protection (CP) &amp;amp; Disaster Risk Management (DRM) professionals.&lt;/p&gt;
  770. &lt;p&gt;These presentations were followed by a Q&amp;amp;A session tackling questions from the attendees in the room as well as collected online via Slido. The recorded session may eventually go online; if so I'll then update the blog post with the video link.&lt;/p&gt;
  771. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Diary-US5-01-570px.jpg" alt="US5" width="570" height="319" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  772. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  773. &lt;p&gt;After the coffee break, I joined session &lt;strong&gt;EOS2.1&lt;/strong&gt; at 10:45am: &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52016#Orals" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Open session on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which provided examples from around the globe how higher education can tackle scientific topics.&lt;/p&gt;
  774. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  775. &lt;p&gt;Abstract: In this session we encourage contributions of general interest within the Higher Education community which are not covered by other sessions. The session is open to all areas involving the teaching of geoscience and related fields in higher education with a particular interest in current innovations and trends in geoscience education research. Examples might include describing a new resource available to the community, presenting a solution to a teaching challenge, pros and cons of a new educational technique/technology e.g. generative AI and chat bots, linking science content to societally relevant challenges/issues, developing critical thinking skills through the curriculum and effective strategies for online/remote instruction and/or hybrid/blended learning. Our intent with this session is to foster international discourse on common challenges and strategies for educators within the broader field of Earth Sciences - let's share, discuss and develop effective practice.&lt;/p&gt;
  776. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  777. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kristin Schulz&lt;/strong&gt; introduced the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1424.html" target="_blank"&gt;Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Science Network's summer schools&lt;/a&gt; which brings 12 participants to Greenland for a couple of weeks for a multi-disciplinary curriculum which includes field trips, guest lectures from Greenlanders but also soft skill like critical thinking.&lt;/p&gt;
  778. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lysette Davi&lt;/strong&gt; talked about &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-12172.html" target="_blank"&gt;challenges and barriers to bi-national civic engagement happening in Tuscon Arizona with counterparts in Mexico&lt;/a&gt;. The focus of the citizens' science project is on the&amp;nbsp; water crisis i the borderlands, providing unique challenges from environmental, political and cultural functions.&lt;/p&gt;
  779. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jon Xavier&lt;/strong&gt; told us about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-9098.html" target="_blank"&gt;multilevel local, national and regional education and training about climate change&lt;/a&gt; with the aim to develop modern, flexible and interdisciplinary curricula based on WMO's competenencies for providing climate services for Ukraine. Online courses are currently under construction.&lt;/p&gt;
  780. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Okke Batelaan&lt;/strong&gt; explained how&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-13791.html" target="_blank"&gt;groundwater management in the Mekon region in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt; was supported by geophysical training from Australia.&lt;/p&gt;
  781. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mark Somogyvari&lt;/strong&gt; talked about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-11346.html" target="_blank"&gt;"Walking the River"&lt;/a&gt; as case studies of how to involve students in designing and conducting research based on actually walking and jotting down notes for 2 to 3 days while walking along rivers in the Berlin area in Germany for about 30km.&lt;/p&gt;
  782. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Pointl&lt;/strong&gt; talked about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-21575.html" target="_blank"&gt;"Future Water: Lessons learned and ways forward for transdisciplinary, cross-cultural water education."&lt;/a&gt; This is an international virtual free of charge offering explaining water management challenges with the help of a virtual workspace where participants create personalized avatars and can watch lectures.&lt;/p&gt;
  783. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inka Koch&lt;/strong&gt; took us on a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-12363.html" target="_blank"&gt;"Water journey: from glaciers to rivers and lakes through storytelling"&lt;/a&gt; which is an online course piloted in 2024, focusing on recognizing water challenges and effective communication of facts in stories.&lt;/p&gt;
  784. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rolf Hut&lt;/strong&gt; talked about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-8836.html" target="_blank"&gt;eWaterCycle and Teachbooks&lt;/a&gt; developed by the University Delft in the Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;
  785. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thomas Reimann&lt;/strong&gt; broached the critical groundwater topic with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-18126.html" target="_blank"&gt;"Interactive understanding of groundwater hydrology and hydrogeology"&lt;/a&gt; for which there are not enough experts.&lt;/p&gt;
  786. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Konstantinos Kourtidis&lt;/strong&gt; explained the &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1628.html" target="_blank"&gt;EGU's Education Committee initiatives in support of Higher Education teaching&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  787. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS2.1-Part2-01.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS2.1-Part2-01-570px.jpg" alt="EOS2.1" width="570" height="545" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  788. &lt;p&gt;After the lunch break came the short course&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53311" target="_blank"&gt;SC1.5 Your guide to science diplomacy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; introduced by Chloe Hill.&lt;/p&gt;
  789. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lene Topp&lt;/strong&gt; started the session with an explanation of what science diplomacy is and its dimensions: Science for Diplomacy (Using science cooperation to improve relations between countries), Science in Diplomacy (Informing foreign and security policy objectives with scientific advice), Diplomacy for Science (Facilitating international science cooperation by diplomatic action) and the recently added Diplomacy in Science (Using diplomatic skills and tools in and by science). She also mentioned the rapidly changing global context like increasing complexities, intensified threats by foreign interference, nations retreating from multilateralism, barriers to international scientific collaboration, misinformation.&lt;/p&gt;
  790. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Florian Schwendinger&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;works closely with and for EU politicians and he shared his view that science has the potential to be a common language and that it's vital for democracy. He encouraged attendees to take the chance to shadow MEPs, and go on a long-term project and journey.&lt;/p&gt;
  791. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Illias Grampas&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;reiterated that policy makers need the best available science to make their decisions but that for example momentum for climate work has recently been lost due to quite some pushback.&lt;/p&gt;
  792. &lt;p&gt;During the course, several links to additional resources were shared:&lt;/p&gt;
  793. &lt;ul&gt;
  794. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.science-diplomacy.eu/" target="_blank"&gt;EU Science Diplomacy Alliance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  795. &lt;ul&gt;
  796. &lt;li&gt;Free online 8-module introduction course on Science Diplomacy (&lt;a href="https://www.s4d4c.eu/european-science-diplomacy-online-course/" target="_blank"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  797. &lt;li&gt;9 case studies on Science Diplomacy (&lt;a href="https://www.s4d4c.eu/s4d4c-cases/" target="_blank"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  798. &lt;/ul&gt;
  799. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twas.org/science-policy/science-diplomacy" target="_blank"&gt;The World Academy of Sciences&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  800. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/europe-world/international-cooperation/science-diplomacy_en" target="_blank"&gt;Towards a European Framework for Science Diplomacy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(e.g. new EU report)&lt;/li&gt;
  801. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://brill.com/view/journals/hjd/15/3/article-p409_11.xml?language=en" target="_blank"&gt;Article: What is a Science Diplomat?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  802. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.00138/full" target="_blank"&gt;Article: Building a Science Diplomacy Curriculum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  803. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2025/02/27/geopolicy-science-diplomacy-in-a-new-geopolitical-order/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU GeoPolicy Blog: Science Diplomacy in a new Geopolitical order&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  804. &lt;/ul&gt;
  805. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Diary-SC1.5-ScienceDiplomacy-01-570px.jpg" alt="SC1.5 Science Diplomacy" width="570" height="322" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  806. &lt;p&gt;Following the afternoon coffee break, I joined &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53338" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SC3.8 Maintaining your literature review: tools, tips, and discussions to help keep up with evolving research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. As more people were interested in joining the session than chairs were available in the room and as the topic was only marginally relevant for me as a non-scientist, I left the room but followed the course via Zoom while sitting on the outside terrace. By the same Zoom connection I was able to plug our weekly &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt; articles published on Thursdays by Doug and Marc, and as well in a brief conversation with the session's conveners afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;
  807. &lt;p&gt;And with that, it was a wrap for Day #1 at EGU 2025 for me!&lt;/p&gt;
  808. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="Tuesday"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Tuesday, April 29&lt;/h3&gt;
  809. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2025/tuesday/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  810. &lt;p&gt;My morning started with&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;short course&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53330" target="_blank"&gt;SC2.14 Contributing to best-practice in geoscience communication by publishing &amp;ndash; A drop-in &amp;lsquo;clinic&amp;rsquo;, with the Geoscience Communication editors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;as we have been working on a drafted paper for just that journal last year and I thought that it might be a good chance to gather some input about where to go with our draft. The short courses during started with John Hillier giving a short introduction about publishing with Geoscience Communication in general. They have a lot of information available on their website (&lt;a href="https://gc.copernicus.org/articles/1/1/2018/" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://gc.copernicus.org/articles/4/493/2021/" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  811. &lt;p&gt;After the introduction we split up into four groups (and tables) where editors from the journal were prepared to answer one of these four questions:&lt;/p&gt;
  812. &lt;ol class="ol1"&gt;
  813. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;How do I get started?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  814. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Ethics and setting up the research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  815. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Statistics and Research Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  816. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Getting a high-quality journal paper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  817. &lt;/ol&gt;
  818. &lt;p&gt;As we already had a draft with some preliminary findings, I joined table #4 at which Kirsten von Elverfeld was prepared to answer our questions. One attendee asked about a drafted paper which - it turned out - might perhaps be better split into two. For our paper - which is about analysing data captured in a still ongoing &amp;bdquo;experiment&amp;ldquo; on our homepage and the published rebuttals - we do seem to have ample data to proceed with the analysis even though it&amp;lsquo;s scattered across 200 rebuttals. The findings to date may not be quite as conclusive as we&amp;lsquo;d want them to be but we do have some options to improve this with adding about 6 months worth of data for the 2nd half of 2024 and going into more detailed discussions about what we might do differently - and ask in addition - if we re-run the experiment once we relaunched our website.&lt;/p&gt;
  819. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC2.14-570px.jpg" alt="SC2.14" width="570" height="364" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  820. &lt;p&gt;After a short break out on one of the terraces to catch a &amp;bdquo;breath of fresh air&amp;ldquo; I made my way to hall X1 to look at some of the posters created for &lt;span&gt;session&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53992" target="_blank"&gt;ITS3.2/&lt;span id="skstip7" class="skstip advanced disabled"&gt;EOS&lt;/span&gt;1.9 Citizen Science and Co-creating with Communities&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;It&amp;lsquo;s always interesting to at least get a glimpse of how people can become involved with science projects. In one case, ciitzens help with monitoring efforts of the air quality in Paris, in another students get involved with flying drones over specific areas and applying AI-tools to help identify debris in coastal areas on Iceland, Greenland and Svalbard.&lt;/p&gt;
  821. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS1.9-PosterSession.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS1.9-PosterSession-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.9" width="570" height="441" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  822. &lt;p&gt;In the afternoon I joined another short course &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53312" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SC1.4 Climate change, morals and how people understand the politics of climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. It tackled the question how scientists and governments can ensure that their communication resonates more deeply with citizens without resorting to the manipulative tactics used by those who seek to undermine liberal democracy? How can scientific and government actors ensure their communications are equally meaningful and ethical? I was lucky to be in the room early, as all seats were quickly taken and late-comers had to stand or sit on the floor. So, it's safe to say, that there was a lot of interest in the topic!&lt;/p&gt;
  823. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mario Scharfbillig&lt;/strong&gt; uses behavioural insights to improve evidence-informed policymaking and democratic processes in the EU. He is working at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, leading the Enlightenment 2.0 research programme. He set the scene for the session with the question "The climate is changing, why aren't we?" He explained that a large study published in 2024 showed that a large majority supports climate action but that there is also a perception gap in that many people falsely think that "others are less willing to do something than I am".&lt;/p&gt;
  824. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Pahle&lt;/strong&gt; made the point that it's easy to become - or be perceived - as a "moralizer", a person wo supports something because s/he views it as important to her/him and a matter of right or wrong. Responsibility to act on climate change is a highly moralized issue. There is also the issue that while emissions in the EU are decreasing, the global emissions gap is widening which leads to accussations of "free-riding" which in turn can be misused by radical right parties. All in all, it's a very fine line to navigate because the issue is so politicized or even "toxic".&lt;/p&gt;
  825. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Noel Baker&lt;/strong&gt; provided some resources, like the Union of Concerned Scientists, who offer a lot of materials. She also stressed the importance to know your audience and what their worldviews are. Depending on that information you can adjust what and how you communicate accordingly. There is for example a big difference of how to talk about climate change with people in Europe as compared to the US.&lt;/p&gt;
  826. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Joeri Rogelj&lt;/strong&gt; told us about the implications of what we know about climate change for policy. He is one of the authors of the annual emissions gap report, he gives talks, writes blog posts and is active on social media in his efforts to be an "advocate for science". One of the points he made was that useful advice contains value judgements.&lt;/p&gt;
  827. &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there were too many questions from the audience in the subsequent discussion to jot them and the answers down. Should I later find a public write-up about the session, I'll add a link.&lt;/p&gt;
  828. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC1.4-570px.jpg" alt="SC1.4" width="570" height="334" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  829. &lt;p&gt;For the final slot of the day, I picked &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52047" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EOS4.2 Bridging the gap between geosciences and legal practice: informing laws and litigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which was a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.egu25.eu/guidelines/presenters/pico_presenter_guidelines.html" target="_blank"&gt;PICO session&lt;/a&gt; with a whirlwind of 12 2-minute long elevator pitches followed by up to an hour talking with the authors at their assigned large screens. &lt;strong&gt;April Williamsom&lt;/strong&gt; kicked of the session with an invited presentation for which she was given 10 minutes so could go into a bit more details about &lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-3811.html" target="#" data-id="342375"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science and evidence for framework climate litigation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. She mentioned some of the high-profile climate litigation cases of the last years like "Urgenda vs Netherlands" or "KlimaSeniorinnen". Afterwards we heard about how attribution studies become more important in these cases, how speaking with lawyers can be tricky, how the Paris pledges can become a challenge if there no longer is a path available to meet the overall goal, how loss and damages from extreme weather events are still hard to pin down, how to assign responsibility for impacts and about the importance of youth-led climate litigation law suites. Quite a lot to get ones head around within about 40 minutes or so!&lt;/p&gt;
  830. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS4.2-PICO-ClimateLaw-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.2 PICO" width="570" height="279" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  831. &lt;p&gt;And with that day #2 at EGU25 ended for me.&lt;/p&gt;
  832. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="Wednesday"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Wednesday April 30&lt;/h3&gt;
  833. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2025/wednesday/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  834. &lt;p&gt;Day #3 at EGU25 started with short course &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/53323" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SC2.5 - Transferable skills: what are they and do I have them?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which was convended by&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Daniel Evans, Simon Clark and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Veronica Peverelli. The short course started with the question of why attendees should even care about what transferable skills are and provided these bullet points as a quick answer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  835. &lt;ul class="ul1"&gt;
  836. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;job market is competitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  837. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;you have more competencies than you think&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  838. &lt;li class="li1"&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;Keywords + Evidence = Top of the application pile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  839. &lt;/ul&gt;
  840. &lt;p class="p2"&gt;Scientists have many transferable skills, but may not always be aware of them. To change that, Simon Clark provided a quick introduction transferable skills:&lt;/p&gt;
  841. &lt;p class="p2"&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC2.5-TransferableSkills-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC2.5-TransferableSkills-570px.jpg" alt="SC2.5 Transferable Skills" width="570" height="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  842. &lt;p class="p2"&gt;The subsequent panel discussion tackled several questions:&lt;/p&gt;
  843. &lt;p&gt;Q: What are seen as key skills from an employer&amp;lsquo;s perspective?&lt;br /&gt;A: Adaptability, Communication, Prepared for different field&lt;/p&gt;
  844. &lt;p&gt;Q: How can adaptability be shown?&lt;br /&gt;A: provide personal example(s) like having moved to another country or switched from one science field to another&lt;/p&gt;
  845. &lt;p&gt;Q: Are there key-things academics need or already have?&lt;br /&gt;A: Academics have the skills for science for policy like creating a synthesis statement, summarizing research&lt;/p&gt;
  846. &lt;p&gt;Q: How to communicate acadamic experience as work experience?&lt;br /&gt;A: use the terms known by industry, use examples from work&lt;/p&gt;
  847. &lt;p&gt;At the beginning of the session, attendees were asked to add their skills to a wordcloud generated via Mentimeter. The exercise was repeated at the end of the session but specifically for transferrable skills:&lt;/p&gt;
  848. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC2.5-Wordclouds-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC2.5-Wordclouds-570px.jpg" alt="SC2.5 Skills" width="571" height="241" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  849. &lt;p&gt;Next up on my &amp;bdquo;schedule&amp;ldquo; was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/meetingprogramme/5506" target="_blank"&gt;GDB5 - How to translate fundamental research into societal and policy impact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, convened by David Gallego-Torres, Chloe Hill, Peter van der Beek and Claudia Jesus-Rydin.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;This Great Debate explored the procedures to bring research results closer to policy, economy and society and touched on the differences - and similarities - between foundational and applied research. To do that, four panelists with a wide range of backgrounds had been invited to the panel:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  850. &lt;ul&gt;
  851. &lt;li&gt;Nebojsa Nakicenovic, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria&lt;/li&gt;
  852. &lt;li&gt;Lina Galvez Mu&amp;ntilde;oz, European Parliament, Spain&lt;/li&gt;
  853. &lt;li&gt;Agnieszka Gadzina-Kolodziejska, European Commission, Belgium&lt;/li&gt;
  854. &lt;li&gt;Vasilis Stenos, Solmeyea, Greece&lt;/li&gt;
  855. &lt;/ul&gt;
  856. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Some questions tackled were: How can individual researchers contribute effectively in societal and policy actions? Which mechanisms should be created to facilitate the harnessing of research results? Should the use of research results be left in the hands of dedicated professionals (e.g., officers at the research institutions)? What is the role of Scientific Advisory Boards? And where is research budget best invested?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  857. &lt;p&gt;To begin with, the panelists - two conferenced in via Zoom - gave brief statements from their different perspectives related to science for policy. As these were all done without slides, it was not easy to catch everything being said but here are a few points I noted (and I&amp;lsquo;ll embed the recording once that becomes publicly available):&lt;/p&gt;
  858. &lt;ul&gt;
  859. &lt;li&gt;Work to translate research into policy can be difficult due to different processes and expectations of the different institutions and organizations involved&lt;/li&gt;
  860. &lt;li&gt;The public&amp;lsquo;s trust in politicians and governments is decreasing&lt;/li&gt;
  861. &lt;li&gt;Trust in scientists remains high and according to recent studies, 68% of EU citizens want to have science-based policies&lt;/li&gt;
  862. &lt;li&gt;Science can improve policy-making&lt;/li&gt;
  863. &lt;li&gt;Science-based policy is essential for society and democracy, esp. with the multi-crisis we are currently faced with&lt;/li&gt;
  864. &lt;li&gt;There is a responsibility for researchers to get involved but it needs incentives and recognition in institution&amp;lsquo;s assessments&lt;/li&gt;
  865. &lt;li&gt;For many topics, interdisciplinary solutions are needed&lt;/li&gt;
  866. &lt;li&gt;Political cycles are often short-term while we need long-term solutions&lt;/li&gt;
  867. &lt;li&gt;Science might need to be somewhat simplified to get the message across&lt;/li&gt;
  868. &lt;li&gt;IPCC-reports are a good example of &amp;bdquo;Science for policy&amp;ldquo;&lt;/li&gt;
  869. &lt;li&gt;Funding is needed for both foundational and applied research&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  870. &lt;li&gt;&amp;bdquo;Knowledge-brokers&amp;ldquo; who are credible for all groups involved may be needed&lt;/li&gt;
  871. &lt;li&gt;Current environment with mis- and disinformation is hard to navigate for policy makers. They need to know &amp;bdquo;who to call&amp;ldquo; if they have questions&lt;/li&gt;
  872. &lt;li&gt;Science needs to take the policy cycle into account to be available when new policies are getting designed (instead of towards the end like often happens)&lt;/li&gt;
  873. &lt;li&gt;Engaging to make policies better will make life better for the public&lt;/li&gt;
  874. &lt;li&gt;It is not going to be easy, there will be disappointments&lt;/li&gt;
  875. &lt;li&gt;Important to note: Science is not politically neutral&lt;/li&gt;
  876. &lt;/ul&gt;
  877. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-GDB5-SciencePolicy-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-GDB5-SciencePolicy-570px.jpg" alt="GDB5" width="570" height="167" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  878. &lt;p&gt;After the lunch-break, I went to Hall X2 to look at the posters of session &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52023" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EOS1.3 Games for Geosciences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which provided an interesting mix of how gameplay can be utitlized in getting people interested in or understand geoscience topics. The session, convened by&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Christopher Skinner,&amp;nbsp;Rolf Hut,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Elizabeth Lewis,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Lisa Gallagher and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Maria Elena Orduna Alegria continued with the oral presentations in the last timeslot for the day from 16:15 to 18:00.&lt;/p&gt;
  879. &lt;p&gt;Out of the 10 games presented, I found two most relevant to what we do regarding science education and climate change, which is why this write-up highlights only those two. But head to the session description linked above to read the abstracts of the other presentations as well.&lt;/p&gt;
  880. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1625.html"&gt;SCIBORG: The Science Literacy Board Game&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="s3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;presented by Laura Coulson is a game centered around the scientific method and has the goal to strengthen scientific understanding. From the abstract:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  881. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  882. &lt;p&gt;In today&amp;rsquo;s fast-paced digital world, scientific misinformation can spread rapidly. Civic science literacy&amp;mdash;the ability to understand how scientific knowledge is developed and evolves&amp;mdash;is an essential skill. This skill equips individuals to better grasp how scientific understanding changes over time and critically evaluate information presented in the media, a vital component of media literacy. This is particularly crucial in areas such as climate change science. However, key aspects of science literacy are challenging to convey effectively. With traditional education systems already tasked with numerous learning objectives, complex interdisciplinary topics like scientific literacy often receive insufficient attention.&lt;/p&gt;
  883. &lt;p&gt;Recognizing the need for innovative approaches, our project has developed a fun and educational board game to tackle science literacy called SCIBORG. This game primarily tackles the steps of the scientific method: observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion. The game takes place over three phases: hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  884. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://science-education.at/projects/game-sciborg/" target="_blank"&gt;More information about the game is available here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  885. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  886. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="s4"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-5808.html"&gt;ClimarisQ: A game on the complexity of the climate systems and the extreme events&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="s3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;was presented by Davide Faranda. The game is freely available in the app stores and can also be played in a web browser. From the abstract:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  887. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  888. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s3"&gt;&lt;span&gt;ClimarisQ is a smartphone/web game from a scientific mediation project that highlights the complexity of the climate system and the urgency of collective action to limit climate change. It is available in several languages. It is an app-game where players must make decisions to limit the frequency and impacts of extreme climate events and their impacts on human societies using real climate models. The goal of the game is to explore the effects of mitigation and adaptation choices to extreme climate events at the local, regional and global levels. Can you achieve a greener trajectory than the IPCC RCP 4.5 emission scenario by playing ClimarisQ? Explore the feedback mechanisms (notably physical, but also economic and social) that produce extreme effects on the climate system.In the game, you make decisions on a continental scale and see the impact of these decisions on the economy, politics and the environment. You will have to deal with extreme events (heat waves, cold waves, heavy rainfall and drought) generated by a real climate model. Then, you will have to try to balance the "popularity", "ecology" and "finance" gauges as long as possible. Fulfill all the missions to explore different climates. The game-over displays both the PPM (parts per million) of CO2 deviation from the intermediate scenario of greenhouse gas emissions established by the IPCC (RCP4.5), as well as the number of survival game turns. These elements stimulate thinking about climate change and motivate the player to do better next time. Thanks to the hazards introduced by the extreme events and cards, every game is different!&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  889. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://climarisq.ipsl.fr/en/" target="_blank"&gt;More information about the game is available here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  890. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  891. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC1.3-Sciborg-ClimarisQ-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SC1.3-Sciborg-ClimarisQ-570px.jpg" alt="SC1.3" width="570" height="238" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  892. &lt;p&gt;And with this creative and "playful" session, day #3 and thereby more than half of EGU25 was complete for me.&lt;/p&gt;
  893. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="Thursday"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Thursday May 1&lt;/h3&gt;
  894. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2025/thursday/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  895. &lt;p&gt;To start my day, I joined PICO-session &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52024" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EOS1.6 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52024" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to communicate uncertainty to non-expert audiences&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, something we also have to do on Skeptical Science sometimes.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; Convener Sebastian Mutz set the stage with stating the somewhat obvious: &amp;bdquo;communicating uncertainty is tricky&amp;ldquo;. From the session description:&lt;/p&gt;
  896. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  897. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;All science has uncertainty. Global challenges such as the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change illustrate that an effective dialogue between science and society requires clear communication of uncertainty. Responsible science communication conveys the challenges of managing uncertainty that is inherent in data, models and predictions, facilitating the society to understand the contexts where uncertainty emerges and enabling active participation in discussions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  898. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  899. &lt;p&gt;This was followed by an invited and therefore longer-than-usual presentation by Lottie Woods who told us about&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-9081.html"&gt;Impacting on our Lives: Using British sports and culture to explain uncertainty in climate projections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  900. &lt;p&gt;The next speakers only had 2-minutes each for an elevator-pitch about their project or study and as it&amp;lsquo;s rather tricky to jot down notes while also watching these rapid fire presentations, I&amp;lsquo;ll just list them with the links to their abstracts:&lt;/p&gt;
  901. &lt;ul&gt;
  902. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-19375.html"&gt;Making Uncertainty in Sub-seasonal Weather Forecasts Intelligible&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Timothy Hewson)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  903. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-4471.html"&gt;Communicating uncertainty in weather forecasts: the role of forecast changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Gabriele Messori)&lt;/li&gt;
  904. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-2164.html"&gt;Communicating uncertainty in extreme event attribution to the media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Johanna Knauf)&lt;/li&gt;
  905. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-15189.html"&gt;Uncertainty in flood frequency analysis and its implications for infrastructure design&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Daniele Ganora)&lt;/li&gt;
  906. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-11466.html"&gt;Flood Frequency Hydrology: Navigating Uncertainty in Flood Design&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Alberto Viglione)&lt;/li&gt;
  907. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-13260.html"&gt;Non-expert understanding of hazard maps: Insights from an online survey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Peter Dietrich)&lt;/li&gt;
  908. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-17779.html"&gt;Non-Expert Understanding of Hazard Maps: An Eye-Tracking Study&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Solmaz Mohadjer)&lt;/li&gt;
  909. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-18364.html"&gt;Don't say uncertainty: preliminary best practices and emerging themes for uncertainty quantification and communication in climate services from the Climateurope2 project.&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Charlotte Pascoe)&lt;/li&gt;
  910. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-13135.html"&gt;Visualization of uncertainties in 2D images&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Peter Dietrich)&lt;/li&gt;
  911. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-21809.html"&gt;Immersed in Uncertainty: Discussing Uncertainty in Science in a Planetarium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Jakub Stepanovic)&lt;/li&gt;
  912. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="s3"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-18655.html"&gt;Fostering Skills in Communicating Uncertainty in the Geosciences: a review of concepts, strategies and approaches applied in the training school &amp;ldquo;Understanding the Unknowns: Communicating Uncertainty as a Driving Force for Geosciences&amp;rdquo;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;Michael Pelzer)&lt;/li&gt;
  913. &lt;/ul&gt;
  914. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Here are a few impressions from the session:&lt;/p&gt;
  915. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS1.6-PICO-Uncertainty-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.6" width="570" height="322" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  916. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;After the coffee break it was time for oral session&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52019" target="_blank"&gt;EOS1.1 Science and Society: Science Communication Practice, Research, and Reflection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;in which I also had an active part with a presentation at 12:00. But first there were serveral other talks going into many different aspects of science communication:&lt;/p&gt;
  917. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;The session started with an invited and therefore longer talk by Oliver Strimpel about&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-13862.html"&gt;Using podcasts to disseminate the essence and excitement of scientific research&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in which he briefly showcased several different geology-themed podcasts as well as his own, called &amp;bdquo;Geology Bites&amp;ldquo;, meant to give people a chance to dip into the topic and not like a geology course.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  918. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;Thomas Gatt told us about &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-20316.html" target="_blank"&gt;a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-20316.html" target="_blank"&gt;small-scale science communication project&lt;/a&gt; developed as part of a Master's thesis and implemented in a rural Austrian community within the Hohe Tauern National Park. The initiative involved two local school classes and the general public through interactive activities and workshops. An open lecture on regional geology, given by young scientists from the University of Innsbruck, introduced the project to the wider community.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  919. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Lucy Blennerhassett explained the idea behind a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-2292.html" target="_blank"&gt;currently being developed&amp;nbsp;table-top game called GreenDealz&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;about sourcing rare materials needed for example for solar modules. More information is available on the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://vectorproject.eu/" target="_blank"&gt;Vectorproject website&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  920. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Boran Frank presented project&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-2820.html" target="#" data-id="341377"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Scape Offenbach: New Science Center Bringing Weather and Climate to Life in the Heart of the City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to get the public interested in meteorolgical and climate topics in order to increase the number of students for these topics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  921. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Insa Thiele-Eich touched on a similar topic with &lt;span&gt;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-20089.html" target="#" data-id="358675"&gt;University Partnership for Armospheric Sciences (UPAS): a joint effort in communicating meteorology&lt;/a&gt;. Among other activities, they produce videos with the same look &amp;amp; feel as well as podcasts with the goal to interest high-school students to study meteorology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  922. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Milena Marjanovic answered her abstract&amp;lsquo;s question&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-6769.html" target="_blank"&gt;How do we make an X-ray scan of Earth&amp;rsquo;s oceanic crust?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;by playing a short video of how this is done out at sea with the help of ships and seismic equipment. She then showed how this real-world activity can be simulated for classrooms with the help of a big water tank holding 300 litres of water, a ship model and some other bits and pieces.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  923. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Then it was my turn to briefly talk about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1439.html" target="_blank"&gt;our collaborations with other websites and organizations&lt;/a&gt;. You can read about that in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/egu25-collaborations" target="_blank"&gt;this companion article&lt;/a&gt; already published a few days ago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  924. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Courtney Onstad shared &lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-2911.html" target="#" data-id="341470"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Preliminary Insights into Science Communication Strategies in Canadian Mining Messaging: A Mixed-Methods Perspective&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;based on content analysis of mining-themed videos.&lt;/p&gt;
  925. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;Eul&amp;agrave;lia Baulenas had the last talk in the session:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-19249.html" target="#" data-id="357834"&gt;Storm-Resolving Earth System Models to Support Renewable Energy Transitions: mixing storyline methodologies to bridge science and society&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in which she suggested different types of storylines related to climate science.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  926. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS1.1-Compilation-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.1" width="570" height="313" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  927. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;During the lunch-break I'd scheduled a &amp;bdquo;pop-up networking event&amp;ldquo; out on one of the terraces to talk about Skeptical Science and answer questions people might have about what we are doing. Based on earlier experience I wasn&amp;lsquo;t really expecting anyobdy to show up as these events often are overlooked in the big program (and as they had been on Tuesday and Wednesday). But two young climate researchers with the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impacts (PIK) joined me today and we talked for about 30 minutes before they had to leave for their next sessions.&lt;/p&gt;
  928. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;I had initially planned to go to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/54301" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;GDB3 - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Transforming Geosciences: Friend, Foe, or Fad?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;but with the weather being so nice outside I decided against it and spent the time starting to write today&amp;lsquo;s summary for my diary while listening to parts of the Zoom-session for EOS1.1 started this morning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  929. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-TerraceG-570px.jpg" alt="Terrace" width="570" height="468" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  930. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;One of the nice things about conferences like this one is, that you never really know, who you'll be "running into" accidentally somewhere in the hallways (as happened with Stefan Rahmstorf on Tuesday) or who you can set up short meetings with during the breaks. I had the chance to do the latter with Ella Gilbert whose Youtube channel "&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/@DrGilbz/videos" target="_blank"&gt;Dr Gilbz&lt;/a&gt;" I've been supporting via&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://patreon.com/Dr_Gilbz" target="_blank"&gt;Patreon&lt;/a&gt; for a while. Ella had mentioned in a post for her Patreons that she was in Vienna for the EGU. So, I let her know that I was there as well and we met for coffee &lt;span&gt; during Thursday afternoon's coffebreak. We chatted about "this and that" out on one of the terraces in the sun before it was time to go back inside for our respective final sessions of the day. Here is a video Ella published after and about the EGU conference titled "This is the cutting edge of (Antarctic) climate science":&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  931. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zu2_fIgr67A" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zu2_fIgr67A/hqdefault.jpg" data-pre-sourced="yes" data-sourced="yes" id="image1" data-original="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zu2_fIgr67A/hqdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zu2_fIgr67A/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video" "="" class="" style="max-width: 580px;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  932. &lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;As the last session for the day, I joined &lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/54300" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GDB7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/54300" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science and Activism &amp;ndash; Compatible or Antithetical?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which proved to be well worth the time given the quite spirited discussion among the panelists and attendees! The session was moderated by Caspar Hewett and had&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sandor Mulsow (Chile), Sylvain Kuppe (France) and Ulf B&amp;uuml;ntgen (Cambridge) on the panel. After a quick introduction to the session by Caspar Hewett, each panelist had a few minutes to make an initial statement. From my jotted down notes:&lt;/p&gt;
  933. &lt;ul&gt;
  934. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;even a peer-reviewed publication can make the author be called an "activist" if the published research isn't opportune for the government or institution&lt;/li&gt;
  935. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;it's important to always be transparent of what do&lt;/li&gt;
  936. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;activism by scientists can make a point towards the public as in "walking the talk"&lt;/li&gt;
  937. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;have a debate of "HOW" to engage and not about "IF"&lt;/li&gt;
  938. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;scientists should not favor specific outcomes&lt;/li&gt;
  939. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;climate activism should clearly be kept separate from science&lt;/li&gt;
  940. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;overstating findings can be misleading and unhelpful&lt;/li&gt;
  941. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;scientists should engange and communicate with the public&lt;/li&gt;
  942. &lt;li class="p1"&gt;scientists should concentrate on "finding" instead of "searching" (as the latter implies searching for something specific)&lt;/li&gt;
  943. &lt;/ul&gt;
  944. &lt;p&gt;After these intiial statements, attendees were invited to ask questions of the panelists and as well everybody in the room, and to add their own thoughts to the discussion. After several attendee contributions, panelists could react before the next "round" of attendee comments and questions. Due to this format, the session was very interactive and covered a lot of ground. It also meant that it was hard to jot down notes quickly and correctly enough, so I'll just mention a few of the (pointed) questions asked and comments made:&lt;/p&gt;
  945. &lt;ul&gt;
  946. &lt;li&gt;How do we as scientists justify not becoming activists?&lt;/li&gt;
  947. &lt;li&gt;Science has the knowledge but no power - a dictator has the power but no knowledge&lt;/li&gt;
  948. &lt;li&gt;What's the role of organisations like the EGU?&lt;/li&gt;
  949. &lt;/ul&gt;
  950. &lt;p&gt;I'll embed the video as soon as it becomes available on EGU's Youtube channel.&lt;/p&gt;
  951. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-GDB7-Activism-570px.jpg" alt="GDB7" width="570" height="443" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  952. &lt;p&gt;And with that, another eventful day at EGU25 was behind me!&lt;/p&gt;
  953. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="Friday"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Friday, May 2&lt;/h3&gt;
  954. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2025/friday/" target="_blank"&gt;EGU Today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  955. &lt;p&gt;Friday dawned bright and clear (as had all days this week!) and my first session for the day was&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52035" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EOS4.3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52035" target="_blank"&gt;Geoethics and Global&amp;nbsp;Anthropogenic&amp;nbsp;Change: Geoscience for Policy, Action and Education in Addressing the&amp;nbsp;Climate&amp;nbsp;and Ecological Crises&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. To begin with, the conveners Silvia Peppoloni, David Crookall and Elodie Duyck explained that the session resulted from merging three initially proposed and closely related sessions. It was therefore broken into three parts and timeslots, of which I only joined the first one about &amp;bdquo;Climate and Ocean Communication and Literacy&amp;ldquo; as I was presenting in that myself (see below).&lt;/p&gt;
  956. &lt;p&gt;The first presentation was by Kristina Hakala about &lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-7396.html" target="#" data-id="345970"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Earth Flag One : A universal symbol for climate and ocean education and communication&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; in which she introduced a simple flag, half green and half blue with NASA&amp;lsquo;s &amp;bdquo;Blue Marble&amp;ldquo; image of the Earth shown in the middle. She hopes that this will - over time - become a universal symbol like other flags had become previously. At the end of the session, attendees could help themselves to one or more of the flags which Kristina had brought in two sizes.&lt;/p&gt;
  957. &lt;p&gt;Next, it was my turn to talk about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1440.html" target="_blank"&gt;our translation activities and challenges&lt;/a&gt;. You can&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/egu25-translations" target="_blank"&gt;read about my presentation in the companion article&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;from where you may also download it.&lt;/p&gt;
  958. &lt;p&gt;Then we heard from Cornelia Nauen about&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1809.html" target="#" data-id="340352"&gt;Protecting Blue Horizons &amp;ndash; A role play to make an MPA work&lt;/a&gt;, from Estell Knecht about &lt;span&gt;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-13174.html" target="#" data-id="351756"&gt;Understanding Microbial Host-Symbiont Interactions in Coastal Ecosystems amid Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from Susanne Stoll-Kleemann and her daughter Luisa Katharine Kleemann about &lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-7141.html" target="#" data-id="345712"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Emotions, their role and potential in increasing the willingness to protect the Baltic Sea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, from Richard Reiss about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-7513.html" target="#" data-id="346088"&gt;Energetic: A cooperative educational game about clean energy transitions&lt;/a&gt;, from Isabel Beltran about&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-20407.html" target="#" data-id="358994"&gt;Environmental education, justice and sustainable degrowth as key actors to protect our planet&lt;/a&gt;. There was one more presentation but it was weird and felt so out of place that everybody in the room was puzzled about what it was all about.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  959. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS4.3-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.3" width="570" height="299" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  960. &lt;p&gt;After the session, I met with Kristina for a short interview about Skeptical Science which she plans to publish in the near future. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  961. &lt;p&gt;Once done, I strolled around the conference center briefly to make my way into poster hall X4 to take a look at some of the contributions for&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52043" target="_blank"&gt;EOS4.1 Strengthening Policy Through Science: Insights from the Interface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;before heading out to terrace G again for the lunch break.&amp;nbsp; As it was very nice outside, I decided to follow the oral part of EOS4.1 via Zoom sitting on the terrace in the shade with a nice breeze (instead of in a possibly stuffy room).&lt;/p&gt;
  962. &lt;p&gt;As it was getting late in the conference, I didn't take notes for all presentations, but here is the list:&lt;/p&gt;
  963. &lt;ul&gt;
  964. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-6002.html" target="_blank"&gt;Science-based policy planning and capacity building for flood resilience in the Mekong basin&lt;/a&gt; (Liang Emlyn Yang)&lt;/li&gt;
  965. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-9660.html" target="_blank"&gt;Strengthening climate science for policy in Africa: Open Science, low-cost data collection, and multi-level policy integration&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Theresia Bilola)&lt;/li&gt;
  966. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-10404.html" target="_blank"&gt;Building Resilience Through Collaboration: Insights and Strategies from the CORE Project for Disaster Risk Reduction&lt;/a&gt; (Raffaella Russo) - CORE is derived quite creatively from "sCience and human factOr for Resilient sociEty"&lt;/li&gt;
  967. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-12154.html" target="_blank"&gt;ARISTOTLE-ENHSP Project: a multi-hazard scientific expert assessment service for the EC Emergency Response Coordination Center&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Giovanna Forlenza)&lt;/li&gt;
  968. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-16928.html" target="_blank"&gt;Strategic research and innovation priorities in climate sciences to inform climate policy and climate action&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Joonas Merikanto)&lt;/li&gt;
  969. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-17166.html" target="_blank"&gt;Bridging Science and Policy: Insight from the collaboration with DG-MOVE (European Commission) on Climate-Resilient Transport&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Cristina Deidda)&lt;/li&gt;
  970. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-20673.html" target="_blank"&gt;Strengthening policy through science: the contribution of the EJP SOIL programme to EU Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive Proposal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Claire Chenu)&lt;/li&gt;
  971. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-18613.html" target="_blank"&gt;Forging Collaborations for Sustainable Climate Futures: A Parliamentary Event on Methane Emissions&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Prachee Majumder)&lt;/li&gt;
  972. &lt;/ul&gt;
  973. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS4.1-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-EOS4.1-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.1" width="570" height="301" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  974. &lt;p&gt;As the final EGU25 session for me - and many others! - I headed to hall E1 yet again, this time for the "late-breaking" Great Debate&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/55258" target="_blank"&gt;GDB9 - How should the global geoscience community respond to attacks on science?&lt;/a&gt; convened by Peter van der Beek, Kristen Cook and Holly Stein. For this very timely discussion these panelists participated either in the room or via Zoom:&lt;/p&gt;
  975. &lt;ul&gt;
  976. &lt;li&gt;Christopher (Chuck) Bailey, Immediate past president, Geological Society of America and Professor at William and Mary College;&lt;/li&gt;
  977. &lt;li&gt;Robbert Dijkgraaf, Professor for Science and Society, University of Amsterdam, president-elect of the International Science Council, former Minister of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands and former Director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton;&lt;/li&gt;
  978. &lt;li&gt;Eystein Jansen, Professor of palaeoclimatology at the University of Bergen and Vice-President of the European Research Council;&lt;/li&gt;
  979. &lt;li&gt;Brandon Jones, President of the American Geophysical Union, program director at the US National Science Foundation and former programs manager and agency representative for the US Environmental Protection Agency;&lt;/li&gt;
  980. &lt;li&gt;Sonia Seneviratne, Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Z&amp;uuml;rich and Vice-Chair, Working Group I IPCC.&lt;/li&gt;
  981. &lt;/ul&gt;
  982. &lt;p&gt;When the session started at 16:15, Peter van der Beek remarked that he had never seen the large room this full for one of the final sessions at an EGU-meeting. I wasn't really surprised given the topic at hand!&lt;/p&gt;
  983. &lt;p&gt;For the first 70 minutes of the session, the discussion was among the panelists and conveners and for the last 30 minutes or so, attendees could add their comments and questions. Some of the items discussed were:&lt;/p&gt;
  984. &lt;ul&gt;
  985. &lt;li&gt;What is the situation in the U.S.?&lt;/li&gt;
  986. &lt;ul&gt;
  987. &lt;li&gt;Bad - the playbook of Project 2025 is roled out and more quickly than anticipated&lt;/li&gt;
  988. &lt;li&gt;National Science Foundation (NSF) just now stopped awarding new grants and funding existing ones (see &lt;a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01396-2" target="_blank"&gt;Nature article&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  989. &lt;li&gt;Community is still strong so there's hope of sticking together globally&lt;/li&gt;
  990. &lt;/ul&gt;
  991. &lt;li&gt;What is the most worrying aspect?&lt;/li&gt;
  992. &lt;ul&gt;
  993. &lt;li&gt;Young researchers got their already approved grants rejected&lt;/li&gt;
  994. &lt;li&gt;How can young colleagues be supported?&lt;/li&gt;
  995. &lt;/ul&gt;
  996. &lt;li&gt;What is the strategy of the American Geosciences Union (AGU)?&lt;/li&gt;
  997. &lt;ul&gt;
  998. &lt;li&gt;AGU is&amp;nbsp; not backing down&lt;/li&gt;
  999. &lt;li&gt;AGU and AMS join forces on special collection to maintain momentum of research supporting the U.S. National Climate assessment (see &lt;a href="https://news.agu.org/press-release/agu-and-ams-join-forces-on-special-collection-to-maintain-momentum-of-research-supporting-the-u-s-national-climate-assessment/" target="_blank"&gt;announcement&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  1000. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1001. &lt;li&gt;How does this affect the IPCC and how can scientists from the U.S. still be included?&lt;/li&gt;
  1002. &lt;ul&gt;
  1003. &lt;li&gt;IPCC-cycle will continue&lt;/li&gt;
  1004. &lt;li&gt;Scientists from the U.S. are still interested in participating&lt;/li&gt;
  1005. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1006. &lt;li&gt;How will this situation affect research in Europe?&lt;/li&gt;
  1007. &lt;ul&gt;
  1008. &lt;li&gt;There are fears to lose data or access to it&lt;/li&gt;
  1009. &lt;li&gt;Make Europe a safe haven for US-scientists&lt;/li&gt;
  1010. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1011. &lt;li&gt;What will be the global affects?&lt;/li&gt;
  1012. &lt;ul&gt;
  1013. &lt;li&gt;Science is no longer seen as a "public good" in more countries than just the U.S.&lt;/li&gt;
  1014. &lt;li&gt;Science is under presssure if the funding thus far coming from the U.S. dries up&lt;/li&gt;
  1015. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1016. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1017. &lt;p&gt;Other comments made:&lt;/p&gt;
  1018. &lt;ul&gt;
  1019. &lt;li&gt;Take messages to elected officials&lt;/li&gt;
  1020. &lt;li&gt;"If you mix science with politics you get politics"&lt;/li&gt;
  1021. &lt;li&gt;Students not joining university departments may lead to departments being closed due to "lack" of interest and funding which in turn could lead to smaller universities closing.&lt;/li&gt;
  1022. &lt;li&gt;~30% of US-public is science-illiterate and doesn't understand that most of the things they regularly use, are science based (e.g. making statements like "Why do we need the national weather service? We have the weather app on our smart phone!")&lt;/li&gt;
  1023. &lt;li&gt;"Rush forward against the push back"&lt;/li&gt;
  1024. &lt;li&gt;Need to become comfortable with uncomfortable conversations&lt;/li&gt;
  1025. &lt;li&gt;Team-up with social and political scientists&lt;/li&gt;
  1026. &lt;li&gt;File "amicus briefs" to get scientific information into court proceedings&lt;/li&gt;
  1027. &lt;li&gt;Provide basic-level science information to schools to counter science-illiteracy&lt;/li&gt;
  1028. &lt;li&gt;Turn mobilization into organization&lt;/li&gt;
  1029. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1030. &lt;p&gt;All in all it was a more hopeful session than I had expected!&lt;/p&gt;
  1031. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-GDB9-570px.jpg" alt="GDB9" width="570" height="422" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1032. &lt;p&gt;And with that, EGU25 was a wrap for me after a full week immersed in science policy, communication, and outreach sessions, mingling with thousands of scientists, meeting people in real live I had only known and met online thus far, touching base with others I had met at earlier EGU-meetings and initiating new contacts and networking opportunities!&lt;/p&gt;
  1033. &lt;h3&gt;Final thoughts&lt;/h3&gt;
  1034. &lt;p&gt;Even though I am not a scientist myself, I consider attending a large conference like the EGU's General Assembly well worth my time as I'm interested in and enthusiastic about science in general and communicating about climate science (even though others might perhaps call it nerdy). As a science communicator as well as a science blogger, I could apply for and was provided with a media registration and the EGU has been very generous in waiving the registration fee in exchange for a committment to write a few blog posts about the conference, which I gladly did.&lt;/p&gt;
  1035. &lt;p&gt;In order to have "something" to write about, I took a lot of notes during the sessions I attended, some via typing on my keyboard and some - as a first for me - writing (or scribbling?) with a digital pen on my iPad. Sometimes, it was quite tricky to get everything which was being said and sometimes I couldn't really read what I had jotted down in a hurry! A lot of the notes therefore didn't make it into my diary, but they will still provide some food for thought in the coming days and weeks.&lt;/p&gt;
  1036. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SomeNotes-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-SomeNotes-570px.jpg" alt="Notes" width="570" height="325" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1037. &lt;p&gt;Next year's conference will take place from May 3 to 8 2026 and I plan to participate again, albeit from home making use of the excellent hybrid option offered by the EGU.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  1038. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html</link>
  1039. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-personal-diary.html</guid>
  1040. <pubDate>Fri, 2 May 2025 10:32:56 EST</pubDate>
  1041. </item>  <item>
  1042. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #17 2025</title>
  1043. <description>&lt;h3&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  1044. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02197-1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span id="skstip15" class="skstip advanced disabled"&gt;Internal variability&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;effect&amp;nbsp;doped by&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="skstip16" class="skstip beginner disabled"&gt;climate change&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;drove the 2023 marine&amp;nbsp;&lt;span id="skstip17" class="skstip beginner disabled"&gt;heat&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;extreme in the North Atlantic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Guinaldo et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
  1045. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1046. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The year 2023 shattered numerous heat records both globally and regionally. We here focus on the drivers of the unprecedented warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies which started in the North Atlantic Ocean in early summer and persisted later on. Evidence is provided that 2023 should be interpreted as an extreme event in a warmer world because of superimposed internal variability on top of human forcing, which altogether, made the 2023 event all-time high due to extreme air-sea surface fluxes in the subtropics and eastern basin. The effect of internal variability has been considerably boosted by the long-term ocean stratification increase due to combined anthropogenically-driven ocean warming and multidecadal variability. The 2023 event would have been impossible to occur without anthropogenically-driven climate change but at the current warmer background climate state, it is assessed as a decadal-type event when considering the full North Atlantic ocean and a centennial event in the subtropics and eastern basin. Considering the regional distribution of anomalies is crucial for risk assessment in a warming climate.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1047. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1048. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0236.1" target="_blank"&gt;Reply to Pielke (2025)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Willoughby et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1049. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1050. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pielke deprecates both the ICAT database, which he once recommended, and U.S. tropical cyclone (TC) damage estimates from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). We do not share these views. Willoughby et&amp;nbsp;al. (hereafter WL24) is based upon ICAT damage for 1900&amp;ndash;2017, both then-year and normalized for inflation, population, and individual wealth, extended to 2022 with National Hurricane Center (NHC) official figures from NCEI. Pielke represents the data of Weinkle et&amp;nbsp;al. (hereafter WK18) as a superior source. We find troubling anomalies in the WK18 data. The issue is that WK18 find that normalized TC damage is constant, but WL24 find that it is increasing. Here, we replicate the WL24 analysis with WK18 data and find a statistically significant growth of then-year damage relative to the U.S. economy, a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of the most damaging TCs, and a 0.6% per year increase in TC normalized damage. The last of these is not statistically significant because of the large variance due to the modulation of TC impacts by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Thus, the increase in U.S. TC damage is sufficiently robust to survive the shortcomings of both datasets.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1051. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1052. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8868" target="_blank"&gt;Discerning the Elevated Risk of Compound Extreme Heat Stress Followed by Extreme Precipitation Events in the Socially Vulnerable Communities in the Upper Midwest&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Khan et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1053. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1054. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Compound extreme events have the potential to yield severe socio-economic repercussions. This study delves into compound extreme precipitation events following extreme heat stress (CEPHS), an aspect that needs more extensive examination within the compound event framework in the upper Midwestern United States. Results reveal a significant increasing trend in CEPHS occurrences, particularly in Kentucky, lower, central, and northern parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, central parts of Missouri, northern parts of Michigan, and western and north-eastern parts of Iowa from 1979 to 2021. Moreover, we observed significantly higher intensities of extreme precipitation events following extreme heat stress compared to those occurring independently, predominantly in the central and northern parts of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio during the same period. Our analysis also underscores a robust association between CEPHS and convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. These insights offer valuable implications for flood hazard management strategies under climate change within the region.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1055. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;This work was supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch project (No. ILLU-741-337).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1056. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1057. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2493332" target="_blank"&gt;British heatwave discourse (1985&amp;ndash;2023): from ice cream to armageddon?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, van Dooremalen &amp;amp; Smith,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Environmental Sociology:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1058. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1059. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How has public discourse about climate change evolved? This paper answers this question through the paradigmatic case of British heatwaves. These are traditionally considered a fortunate break from dull weather, making them a least likely case for the emergency of a discourse of doom. With a topic-modeling analysis of British national newspaper articles on heatwaves from 1985 until 2023 (N&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;35,127), we show that a longstanding Romantic heatwave discourse eventually buckled, and that Apocalypticism finally became the dominant genre in the last decade. A supplementary hermeneutic analysis then indicates and explains complexity within this broad trend. 1980s stories already noted routine heatwave problems, while many recent ones continue depicting positive lifestyle implications. Within the Apocalyptic genre itself climate change is today deemed a&amp;nbsp;factual causal force, whereas in the 1980s and 1990s it was a&amp;nbsp;possible carrier of future dangers. In connecting the genre perspective from literary theory to big data method topic modelling, our approach is parsimonious, novel and replicable in other national contexts.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1060. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1061. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02243-y" target="_blank"&gt;Enhanced flood synchrony and downstream severity in the Delaware River under rising temperatures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, Cooper et al.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1062. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1063. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;River floods threaten life and economic stability, with risks increasing globally, especially in densely populated coastal areas. In mountainous coastal watersheds like the Delaware River Basin, rising temperature is projected to reduce snowpack, reshaping upstream&amp;ndash;downstream flood dynamics. However, the impact on flood synchronization between upland tributaries and estuarine mainstems remains poorly understood. Using multidecadal streamflow simulations from a high-resolution hydrological model, we find significant increases in the frequency and magnitude of synchronized floods under future warming scenarios, particularly severe floods (above the 75th&amp;nbsp;percentile). Under higher warming scenarios, snowpack and rain-on-snow floods in headwater subbasins nearly vanish. Surprisingly, this regime shift amplifies estuarine flooding by enhancing synchronization between historically snow-dominated subbasins and their downstream counterparts. Despite intensified synchronization and flood magnitude, cold-season flood risk declines due to fewer rain-on-snow events. Conversely, summer floods grow larger, more frequent, and synchronized, driving a seasonal reconfiguration of flood risk that should be considered in future mitigation strategies.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1064. &lt;em&gt;The work presented in this manuscript was supported by the MultiSector Dynamics program area of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research as part of the multi-program, collaborative Integrated Coastal Modeling (ICoM) project. All model simulations were performed using resources available through Research Computing at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1065. &lt;h3&gt;From this week's government/NGO &lt;a href="#gov-ngo"&gt;section&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/h3&gt;
  1066. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/659387/record-high-call-global-warming-serious-threat.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;Record-High 48% Call Global Warming a Serious Threat&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gallup&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1067. &lt;blockquote&gt;A record-high 48% of U.S. adults anticipate that global warming will, at some point, pose a serious threat to themselves or their way of life, up from 44% saying this a year ago. The current reading is two percentage points above the prior high in 2023, following a long-term increase from 25% in 1997. The latest results are from Gallup&amp;rsquo;s March 3-16 Environment survey, conducted about a month after wildfires ravaged parts of southern California in January. This year&amp;rsquo;s installment of the annual survey also comes after numerous extreme weather events occurred around the country last summer and fall, including major flooding in North Carolina in September stemming from Hurricane Helene. Thirty-seven percent of Americans in March said they have personally been affected by an extreme weather event in the past two years.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1068. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://ceea.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/CEEA-Drill-More-Pay-More-April-17-2025-Final.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Drill More, Pay More. America's New Energy Paradigm&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Jeremy Symons,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Center for Energy and Environmental Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1069. &lt;blockquote&gt;Welcome to the &amp;ldquo;drill more, pay more&amp;rdquo; era. The United States has entered a new energy paradigm characterized by rising domestic energy prices alongside rising energy production. Despite record-high natural gas production levels, US wholesale natural gas prices (Henry Hub) increased 93% in the first quarter of 2025 (Q1) compared to the same period last year. Record natural gas exports are driving higher prices and volatility. Rising natural gas prices are a triple blow to US consumers. President Trump&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;unleashing American energy&amp;rdquo; agenda will likely push prices higher, benefitting oil and gas producers but increasing costs to US energy consumers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1070. &lt;h3&gt;123 articles in 62 journals by 736 contributing authors&lt;/h3&gt;
  1071. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical science of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1072. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112543" target="_blank"&gt;Circulation and Cloud Responses to Patterned SST Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Mackie et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112543" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl112543&lt;/p&gt;
  1073. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115044" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-Scale Variability in Soil Moisture Explained by a Simple Theory&lt;/a&gt;, Gallagher &amp;amp; McColl, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115044" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115044&lt;/p&gt;
  1074. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0445.1" target="_blank"&gt;Contribution of Arctic Cyclones of Different Origins to Poleward Heat Transport to the Arctic&lt;/a&gt;, Yang et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0445.1&lt;/p&gt;
  1075. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1076. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110550" target="_blank"&gt;Declining soil evaporation on a drying earth&lt;/a&gt;, Chen &amp;amp; Wei, &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110550&lt;/p&gt;
  1077. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021054" target="_blank"&gt;Weakening of the Arctic Water Outflow From the Barents Sea and Consequences on the Fram Strait Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Challet et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021054" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jc021054&lt;/p&gt;
  1078. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observations of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1079. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0609.1" target="_blank"&gt;Distinctive Pattern of Global Warming in Ocean Heat Content&lt;/a&gt;, Trenberth et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Climate&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0609.1&lt;/p&gt;
  1080. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111608" target="_blank"&gt;Intensifying Seasonality of the Global Water Cycle as Indicated by Sea Surface Salinity&lt;/a&gt;, Bingham &amp;amp; Bayler Bayler, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111608" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl111608&lt;/p&gt;
  1081. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02197-1" target="_blank"&gt;Internal variability effect&amp;nbsp;doped by climate change drove the 2023 marine heat extreme in the North Atlantic&lt;/a&gt;, Guinaldo et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02197-1&lt;/p&gt;
  1082. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02315-z" target="_blank"&gt;Observations reveal changing coastal storm extremes around the United States&lt;/a&gt;, Morim et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Climate Change&lt;/em&gt; 10.1038/s41558-025-02315-z&lt;/p&gt;
  1083. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58544-5" target="_blank"&gt;Rapid flips between warm and cold extremes in a warming world&lt;/a&gt;, Wu et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58544-5&lt;/p&gt;
  1084. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0236.1" target="_blank"&gt;Reply to Pielke (2025)&lt;/a&gt;, Willoughby et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/jamc-d-24-0236.1&lt;/p&gt;
  1085. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58832-0" target="_blank"&gt;Warming leads to both earlier and later snowmelt floods over the past 70 years&lt;/a&gt;, Guo et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58832-0&lt;/p&gt;
  1086. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instrumentation &amp;amp; observational methods of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1087. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170914541.10164830/v1" target="_blank"&gt;Stratospheric Water Vapor Beyond NASA's Aura MLS: Assimilating SAGE III/ISS Profiles for a Continued Climate Record&lt;/a&gt;, Knowland et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.170914541.10164830" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.170914541.10164830" target="_blank"&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 10.22541/essoar.170914541.10164830/v1&lt;/p&gt;
  1088. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-00820-x" target="_blank"&gt;SWOT satellite provides a finer view of climate-driving ocean dynamics&lt;/a&gt;, Carli, &lt;em&gt;Nature&lt;/em&gt; 10.1038/d41586-025-00820-x&lt;/p&gt;
  1089. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection of climate change, effects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1090. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020765" target="_blank"&gt;A Study on the Southern Ocean Upwelling Over the 21st Century Under a High-Emission Scenario&lt;/a&gt;, Liao et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2023jc020765&lt;/p&gt;
  1091. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8873" target="_blank"&gt;Anthropogenic Influence on the Compound Hot and Dry Event in Summer 2022 in the Tibetan Plateau Based on Statistical Downscaling CMIP6 Models&lt;/a&gt;, Xue et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1002/joc.8873&lt;/p&gt;
  1092. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01036-6" target="_blank"&gt;Future changes in tropical cyclone tracks over the western North Pacific under climate change&lt;/a&gt;, Cao et al., &lt;em&gt;npj Climate and Atmospheric Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41612-025-01036-6&lt;/p&gt;
  1093. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102430" target="_blank"&gt;Projection of precipitation and temperature in major cities of Pakistan using multi-model ensembles&lt;/a&gt;, Shah &amp;amp; Sharifi, &lt;em&gt;Urban Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102430" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102430&lt;/p&gt;
  1094. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-24-0017.1" target="_blank"&gt;The Projected Changes in the Surface Energy Budget of the CMIP5 and EURO-CORDEX Models: Are We Heading toward Wetter Growing Seasons in Central Europe?&lt;/a&gt;, Skal&amp;aacute;k et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Hydrometeorology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1175/jhm-d-24-0017.1&lt;/p&gt;
  1095. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advancement of climate &amp;amp; climate effects modeling, simulation &amp;amp; projection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1096. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank"&gt;An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 &amp;micro;m cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&amp;amp;cool&amp;amp;fort-1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, L&amp;oacute;pez-Puertas et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  1097. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113050" target="_blank"&gt;Enforcing Equity in Neural Climate Emulators&lt;/a&gt;, Yik &amp;amp; Silva, &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113050" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl113050&lt;/p&gt;
  1098. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-767-2025" target="_blank"&gt;Ocean wave spectrum bias correction through energy conservation for climate change impacts&lt;/a&gt;, Lira Loarca &amp;amp; Besio, &lt;em&gt;Ocean Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/os-21-767-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  1099. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108128" target="_blank"&gt;On the inter-model spread of tropical cyclone genesis frequency over the North Atlantic in CMIP6 models&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108128&lt;/p&gt;
  1100. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2878" target="_blank"&gt;On the role of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking biases in the Euro-Atlantic region in CMIP6&lt;/a&gt;, Dolores-Tesillos et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2878&lt;/p&gt;
  1101. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042554" target="_blank"&gt;Uncertainty Analysis of Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Models Based on Cloud Base Temperature&lt;/a&gt;, Yu et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt; 10.1029/2024jd042554&lt;/p&gt;
  1102. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cryosphere &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1103. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1850" target="_blank"&gt;Glacier damage evolution over ice flow timescales&lt;/a&gt;, Ranganathan et al., &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/egusphere-2024-1850&lt;/p&gt;
  1104. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58974-1" target="_blank"&gt;Poleward shift of subtropical highs drives Patagonian glacier mass loss&lt;/a&gt;, No&amp;euml;l et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58974-1&lt;/p&gt;
  1105. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110756" target="_blank"&gt;Subglacial Precipitates Record Antarctic Ice Sheet Response to Southern Ocean Warming&lt;/a&gt;, Gagliardi et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110756" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gl110756&lt;/p&gt;
  1106. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paleoclimate &amp;amp; paleogeochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1107. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96432-6" target="_blank"&gt;Contrasting dynamics of past climate states and critical transitions via dimensional analysis&lt;/a&gt;, Alberti et al., &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41598-025-96432-6&lt;/p&gt;
  1108. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biology &amp;amp; climate change, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1109. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121215" target="_blank"&gt;A review on atmospheric aerosols and dusts in different tropical forest ecosystems and policy recommendations toward climate resilience&lt;/a&gt;, Bridhikitti et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121215" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121215&lt;/p&gt;
  1110. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59036-2" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change is projected to shrink phylogenetic endemism of Neotropical frogs&lt;/a&gt;, Alves-Ferreira et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59036-2&lt;/p&gt;
  1111. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1561640" target="_blank"&gt;Habitat suitability modelling and range change dynamics of Bergenia stracheyi under projected climate change scenarios&lt;/a&gt;, Wani et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1561640" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fevo.2025.1561640&lt;/p&gt;
  1112. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107144" target="_blank"&gt;Idiosyncratic patterns of chlorophyll&lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt; anomalies in response to marine heatwaves in the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) over the last two decades&lt;/a&gt;, Motta et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107144" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107144&lt;/p&gt;
  1113. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70033" target="_blank"&gt;Indigenous peoples and local community reports of climate change impacts on biodiversity&lt;/a&gt;, Cruz?Gispert et al., &lt;em&gt;Conservation Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70033" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/cobi.70033&lt;/p&gt;
  1114. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107095" target="_blank"&gt;Metabolomic and physiological analyses of two picochlorophytes from distinct oceanic latitudes under future ocean acidification and warming&lt;/a&gt;, Tan et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107095&lt;/p&gt;
  1115. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0453" target="_blank"&gt;Post-fire spectral recovery and driving factors across the boreal and temperate forests&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences&lt;/em&gt; 10.1098/rstb.2023.0453&lt;/p&gt;
  1116. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107155" target="_blank"&gt;Synergistic effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and a simulated heatwave on the Baltic Sea dinoflagellate &lt;em&gt;Apocalathium malmogiense&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Roth et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107155" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107155&lt;/p&gt;
  1117. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107163" target="_blank"&gt;The heatwaves weaken the effect of light on the growth, photosynthesis, and reproductive capacity of &lt;em&gt;Ulva prolifera&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107163&lt;/p&gt;
  1118. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58927-8" target="_blank"&gt;Tree species composition governs urban phenological responses to warming&lt;/a&gt;, Wu et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58927-8&lt;/p&gt;
  1119. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107128" target="_blank"&gt;Unveiling growth and carbon composition of macroalgae with different strategies under global change&lt;/a&gt;, de la Hoz et al., &lt;em&gt;Marine Environmental Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107128&lt;/p&gt;
  1120. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GHG sources &amp;amp; sinks, flux, related geochemistry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1121. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1528440" target="_blank"&gt;A synthesis of freshwater forested wetland soil organic carbon storage&lt;/a&gt;, Sapkota et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Forests and Global Change&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1528440" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1528440&lt;/p&gt;
  1122. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70181" target="_blank"&gt;Additionality Revisited for Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Ensuring Real Climate Mitigation&lt;/a&gt;, Williamson et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70181&lt;/p&gt;
  1123. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110533" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon fluxes controlled by land management and disturbances at a cluster of long-term ecosystem monitoring sites in Central Europe&lt;/a&gt;, Gr&amp;uuml;nwald et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110533" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110533&lt;/p&gt;
  1124. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008249" target="_blank"&gt;Constraining Wetland and Landfill Methane Emission Signatures Through Atmospheric Methane Clumped Isotopologue Measurements&lt;/a&gt;, Sun et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008249" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024jg008249&lt;/p&gt;
  1125. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001350" target="_blank"&gt;Disentangling the Effects of Global and Regional Drivers on Diverse Long-Term pH Trends in Coastal Waters&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;AGU Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001350" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024av001350&lt;/p&gt;
  1126. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115303" target="_blank"&gt;Global Declines in Mangrove Area and Carbon-Stock From 1985 to 2020&lt;/a&gt;, Ju et al., &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115303" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025gl115303&lt;/p&gt;
  1127. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4333-2025" target="_blank"&gt;Measurement report: Greenhouse gas profiles and age of air from the 2021 HEMERA-TWIN balloon launch&lt;/a&gt;, Schuck et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/acp-25-4333-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  1128. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025" target="_blank"&gt;Modelling the effect of climate&amp;ndash;substrate interactions on soil organic matter decomposition with the Jena Soil Model&lt;/a&gt;, Pallandt et al., &lt;em&gt;Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025&lt;/p&gt;
  1129. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005594" target="_blank"&gt;Non-Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon-Storage Powerhouses Across the United States&lt;/a&gt;, Lane et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005594" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024ef005594&lt;/p&gt;
  1130. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008329" target="_blank"&gt;Ocean Carbon Export Flux Projections in CMIP6 Earth System Models Across Multiple Export Depth Horizons&lt;/a&gt;, Walker &amp;amp; Palevsky Palevsky, &lt;em&gt;Global Biogeochemical Cycles&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008329" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024gb008329&lt;/p&gt;
  1131. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110572" target="_blank"&gt;Plant life form determines net ecosystem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in a salt marsh under precipitation changes&lt;/a&gt;, Liang et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110572&lt;/p&gt;
  1132. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt;Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&amp;amp;AVIM2.0&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001&lt;/p&gt;
  1133. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110573" target="_blank"&gt;The caatinga dry tropical forest: A highly efficient carbon sink in South America&lt;/a&gt;, Mendes et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110573&lt;/p&gt;
  1134. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CO2 capture, sequestration science &amp;amp; engineering&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1135. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1577336" target="_blank"&gt;3D seismic structural characterization of faulted subsurface reservoirs in the northern East Cameron Block, Gulf of America continental shelf: implications for CO2 sequestration&lt;/a&gt;, O&amp;rsquo;Donnell et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Earth Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1577336" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/feart.2025.1577336&lt;/p&gt;
  1136. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70200" target="_blank"&gt;Rewetting Boreal Peatlands: Restoring Carbon Function?&lt;/a&gt;, Roulet et al., &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70200" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1111/gcb.70200&lt;/p&gt;
  1137. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decarbonization&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1138. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-si4(1)-01" target="_blank"&gt;A systematic literature review of bamboo as reinforcement in concrete&lt;/a&gt;, et al., &lt;em&gt;Jurnal Kejuruteraan&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.17576/jkukm-2021-si4(1)-01&lt;/p&gt;
  1139. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01758-0" target="_blank"&gt;Accelerating commercial deployment with hydrogen system testbeds&lt;/a&gt;, Love &amp;amp; Mackinnon, &lt;em&gt;Nature Energy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1038/s41560-025-01758-0&lt;/p&gt;
  1140. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104057" target="_blank"&gt;Beyond economies of scale: Learning from construction cost overrun risks and time delays in global energy infrastructure projects&lt;/a&gt;, Sovacool &amp;amp; Ryu, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104057&lt;/p&gt;
  1141. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01546-4" target="_blank"&gt;Impacts of agrisolar co-location on the food&amp;ndash;energy&amp;ndash;water nexus and economic security&lt;/a&gt;, Stid et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Sustainability&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41893-025-01546-4&lt;/p&gt;
  1142. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114645" target="_blank"&gt;Navigating sustainability trade-offs in wind energy governance: The role of environmental regulators&lt;/a&gt;, Eitan, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114645" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114645&lt;/p&gt;
  1143. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aerosols&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1144. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006044" target="_blank"&gt;Increasing Coarse Aerosols Mitigated the Warming Effect of Anthropogenic Fine Particle Reductions in Europe&lt;/a&gt;, Cui et al., &lt;em&gt;Earth's Future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006044" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2025ef006044&lt;/p&gt;
  1145. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change communications &amp;amp; cognition&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1146. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2449416" target="_blank"&gt;A review of National Citizens&amp;rsquo; Climate Assemblies: learning from deliberative events&lt;/a&gt;, Lorenzoni et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2449416" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2024.2449416&lt;/p&gt;
  1147. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102593" target="_blank"&gt;Anticipating the Storm: Expectations (not Experience) of Extreme Weather Predict Public Support for Climate Policies&lt;/a&gt;, Bergquist et al., &lt;em&gt;Journal of Environmental Psychology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102593" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102593&lt;/p&gt;
  1148. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000538" target="_blank"&gt;Breaking the climate silence: Predictors of discussing global warming with family and friends&lt;/a&gt;, Orr et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000538" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000538&lt;/p&gt;
  1149. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2493332" target="_blank"&gt;British heatwave discourse (1985&amp;ndash;2023): from ice cream to armageddon?&lt;/a&gt;, van Dooremalen &amp;amp; Smith, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Sociology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2493332" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/23251042.2025.2493332&lt;/p&gt;
  1150. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2490960" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Activist Groups&amp;rsquo; Discourses on Science and Knowledge: Merging Rhetorical Strategies with Political Visions&lt;/a&gt;, Silva &amp;amp; Carvalho, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Communication&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/17524032.2025.2490960&lt;/p&gt;
  1151. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000568" target="_blank"&gt;ClimateMind50+: Development and validation through cognitive interviews of a questionnaire to measure climate change knowledge, concerns, and actions in older adults&lt;/a&gt;, Zaninotto et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000568" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000568&lt;/p&gt;
  1152. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1474188" target="_blank"&gt;Investigating climate change perceptions and behaviors from a microscopic perspective in four mountain villages in Taiwan&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1474188" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1474188&lt;/p&gt;
  1153. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241001" target="_blank"&gt;Out of the labs and into the streets: Effects of climate protests by environmental scientists&lt;/a&gt;, Dablander et al., &lt;em&gt;Royal Society Open Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241001" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1098/rsos.241001&lt;/p&gt;
  1154. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511997150.008" target="_blank"&gt;Reasonable or radical? First-order, second-order, and meta-stereotypes of different climate activists among the German public and climate activists&lt;/a&gt;, , &lt;em&gt;Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1017/cbo9780511997150.008&lt;/p&gt;
  1155. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000472" target="_blank"&gt;Toward transformative youth climate justice: Why youth agency is important and six critical areas for transformative youth activism, policy, and research&lt;/a&gt;, Tafon &amp;amp; Saunders , &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000472" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000472&lt;/p&gt;
  1156. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1157. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100710" target="_blank"&gt;Climate extremes are critical to maize yield and will be severer in North China&lt;/a&gt;, Wang et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100710" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100710&lt;/p&gt;
  1158. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59203-5" target="_blank"&gt;Costs of transitioning the livestock sector to net-zero emissions under future climates&lt;/a&gt;, Bilotto et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-59203-5&lt;/p&gt;
  1159. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1551030" target="_blank"&gt;Does Extreme weather affect the resilience of agricultural economies? Analysis based on agricultural insurance&lt;/a&gt;, Zeng et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1551030" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1551030&lt;/p&gt;
  1160. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110571" target="_blank"&gt;Effect of biochar application on yield, soil carbon pools and greenhouse gas emission in rice fields: A global meta-analysis&lt;/a&gt;, Wen et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110571&lt;/p&gt;
  1161. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110567" target="_blank"&gt;Exploring the climate signal in the variation of winter wheat quality records in the North China Plain&lt;/a&gt;, Zhou et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110567&lt;/p&gt;
  1162. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110560" target="_blank"&gt;Extending genomic prediction to future climates through crop modelling. A case study on heading time in barley&lt;/a&gt;, Paleari et al., &lt;em&gt;Agricultural and Forest Meteorology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110560&lt;/p&gt;
  1163. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8872" target="_blank"&gt;Implications of Changes in Water Stress and Precipitation Extremes for Cocoa Production in C&amp;ocirc;te D'ivoire and Ghana&lt;/a&gt;, Obahoundje et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; 10.1002/joc.8872&lt;/p&gt;
  1164. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank"&gt;Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&amp;amp;v1.0)&lt;/a&gt;, Han et al., &lt;em&gt;Geoscientific Model Development&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024&lt;/p&gt;
  1165. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001480" target="_blank"&gt;Supplementing Enhanced Weathering With Organic Amendments Accelerates the Net Climate Benefit of Soil Amendments in Rangeland Soils&lt;/a&gt;, Anthony et al., &lt;em&gt;AGU Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001480" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1029/2024av001480&lt;/p&gt;
  1166. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02279-0" target="_blank"&gt;Water-saving irrigated area expansion hardly enhances crop yield while saving water under climate scenarios in China&lt;/a&gt;, Yue et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02279-0&lt;/p&gt;
  1167. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hydrology, hydrometeorology &amp;amp; climate change&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1168. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02243-y" target="_blank"&gt;Enhanced flood synchrony and downstream severity in the Delaware River under rising temperatures&lt;/a&gt;, Cooper et al., &lt;em&gt;Communications Earth &amp;amp; Environment&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s43247-025-02243-y&lt;/p&gt;
  1169. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108086" target="_blank"&gt;Spatiotemporal variations of global precipitation concentration and potential links to flood-drought events in past 70&amp;nbsp;years&lt;/a&gt;, Sun et al., &lt;em&gt;Atmospheric Research&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108086&lt;/p&gt;
  1170. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100471" target="_blank"&gt;Tracking the warning signal of extreme rainstorm and flood events in Haihe River Basin through historical documents&lt;/a&gt;, Lyu et al., &lt;em&gt;Anthropocene&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100471&lt;/p&gt;
  1171. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58832-0" target="_blank"&gt;Warming leads to both earlier and later snowmelt floods over the past 70 years&lt;/a&gt;, Guo et al., &lt;em&gt;Nature Communications&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1038/s41467-025-58832-0&lt;/p&gt;
  1172. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change economics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1173. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2485196" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon prices on the rise? Shedding light on the emerging second EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS 2)&lt;/a&gt;, G&amp;uuml;nther et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2485196" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2485196&lt;/p&gt;
  1174. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-025-00816-9" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-related financial disclosures and firm value: evidence from India&lt;/a&gt;, Mondal &amp;amp; Bauri, &lt;em&gt;SN Business &amp;amp; Economics&lt;/em&gt; 10.1007/s43546-025-00816-9&lt;/p&gt;
  1175. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2488382" target="_blank"&gt;Lost and damaged: a systematic review of current loss and damage due to climate change in India&lt;/a&gt;, Joshi et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate and Development&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/17565529.2025.2488382&lt;/p&gt;
  1176. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0648" target="_blank"&gt;Out of the blue carbon box: toward investable blue natural capital&lt;/a&gt;, Lovelock &amp;amp; Duarte, &lt;em&gt;Biology Letters&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0648" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0648&lt;/p&gt;
  1177. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change mitigation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1178. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104074" target="_blank"&gt;Benchmarking and tailoring electric vehicle policies to stimulate adoption&lt;/a&gt;, Uratani et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104074" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104074&lt;/p&gt;
  1179. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1573022" target="_blank"&gt;Carbon reduction effects of energy transition strategies: a discussion on multi-stakeholder carbon governance&lt;/a&gt;, Wang, &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Environmental Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1573022" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1573022&lt;/p&gt;
  1180. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70034" target="_blank"&gt;Climate risk and green innovation-ESG disconnect: Firm-level evidence from China&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Risk Analysis&lt;/em&gt; 10.1111/risa.70034&lt;/p&gt;
  1181. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104047" target="_blank"&gt;Debates on the future of energy justice: Re-grounding the triumvirate&lt;/a&gt;, Santos Ayll&amp;oacute;n, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104047" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104047&lt;/p&gt;
  1182. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114644" target="_blank"&gt;Explaining public support for net-zero climate policy instruments: Perceptions of distributive fairness under competing frames&lt;/a&gt;, Hoyle &amp;amp; Rhodes, &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114644" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114644&lt;/p&gt;
  1183. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114596" target="_blank"&gt;Future electricity tariffs: designing electricity rates fit for the energy transition&lt;/a&gt;, Ribo-Perez et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114596&lt;/p&gt;
  1184. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104079" target="_blank"&gt;Made in Australia, used in Asia: Public acceptance and the cable controversy of Australia-Asia PowerLink, a remote solar megaproject&lt;/a&gt;, Zander &amp;amp; Garnett, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104079" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104079&lt;/p&gt;
  1185. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104090" target="_blank"&gt;Moral foundations of energy transitions in the United States: A cross-sector discourse analysis&lt;/a&gt;, Ba &amp;amp; Tan, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104090" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104090&lt;/p&gt;
  1186. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104083" target="_blank"&gt;Political context, carbon dependence, climate vulnerability, and renewable energy consumption in the United States, 2000&amp;ndash;2022.&lt;/a&gt;, Hao, &lt;em&gt;Energy Research &amp;amp; Social Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104083&lt;/p&gt;
  1187. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.006" target="_blank"&gt;Quantification of selected SDGs in the context of China's climate&amp;nbsp;mitigation&amp;nbsp;pathway&lt;/a&gt;, HE et al., &lt;em&gt;Advances in Climate Change Research&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.006" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.006&lt;/p&gt;
  1188. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2492439" target="_blank"&gt;Responsive nor responsible? Politicians&amp;rsquo; climate change policy preferences and public opinion perceptions&lt;/a&gt;, Walgrave &amp;amp; Soontjens, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Politics&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/09644016.2025.2492439&lt;/p&gt;
  1189. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114615" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;ldquo;Stretch and transform&amp;rdquo; for energy justice: Indigenous advocacy for institutional transformative change of electricity in British Columbia, Canada&lt;/a&gt;, Hoicka et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114615" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114615&lt;/p&gt;
  1190. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change adaptation &amp;amp; adaptation public policy research&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1191. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2489105" target="_blank"&gt;Connecting everyday resistance to staying put in the context of climate change&lt;/a&gt;, Santos, &lt;em&gt;Climate and Development&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/17565529.2025.2489105&lt;/p&gt;
  1192. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101735" target="_blank"&gt;Estimates of the impact of extreme weather considering climate change on the cooling/heating load of high-speed railway station in China&lt;/a&gt;, Li et al., &lt;em&gt;Energy for Sustainable Development&lt;/em&gt; 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101735&lt;/p&gt;
  1193. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2488988" target="_blank"&gt;How is climate science used to inform national-level adaptation planning in southern Africa?&lt;/a&gt;, Craig et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2488988" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2488988&lt;/p&gt;
  1194. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1514423" target="_blank"&gt;Measuring climate resilience in low- and middle-income countries using advanced analytical techniques and satellite data: a systematic review&lt;/a&gt;, Codyre et al., &lt;em&gt;Frontiers in Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1514423" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.3389/fclim.2025.1514423&lt;/p&gt;
  1195. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn4607" target="_blank"&gt;Navigating and attributing uncertainty in future tropical cyclone risk estimates&lt;/a&gt;, Meiler et al., &lt;em&gt;Science Advances&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn4607" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1126/sciadv.adn4607&lt;/p&gt;
  1196. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2488242" target="_blank"&gt;Optimizing climate risk management practices: a hierarchical classification of TCFD risks in Taiwan&amp;rsquo;s electronics industry&lt;/a&gt;, Hung et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2488242&lt;/p&gt;
  1197. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100693" target="_blank"&gt;Stakeholder engagement strategies to build resilience to compound hazards: Engaging community-based organizations in research&lt;/a&gt;, Clark et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100693" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100693&lt;/p&gt;
  1198. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change impacts on human health&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1199. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8868" target="_blank"&gt;Discerning the Elevated Risk of Compound Extreme Heat Stress Followed by Extreme Precipitation Events in the Socially Vulnerable Communities in the Upper Midwest&lt;/a&gt;, Khan et al., &lt;em&gt;International Journal of Climatology&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8868" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1002/joc.8868&lt;/p&gt;
  1200. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100698" target="_blank"&gt;Identifying summer energy poverty and public health risks in a temperate climate&lt;/a&gt;, Chen et al., &lt;em&gt;Climate Risk Management&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100698" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100698&lt;/p&gt;
  1201. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-24-0020.1" target="_blank"&gt;The Association between Extreme Temperatures and Birth Weight in South Korea&lt;/a&gt;, Jung, &lt;em&gt;Weather, Climate, and Society&lt;/em&gt; 10.1175/wcas-d-24-0020.1&lt;/p&gt;
  1202. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000611" target="_blank"&gt;Understanding urban climate-resilient cyclists: A solution to reducing individual motorized transport&lt;/a&gt;, Pitois et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000611" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000611&lt;/p&gt;
  1203. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate change &amp;amp; geopolitics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1204. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2494774" target="_blank"&gt;How Global South actors frame the conflict between the right to development and climate action? The case of oil extraction in Uganda&lt;/a&gt;, Wokuri, &lt;em&gt;Climate Policy&lt;/em&gt; 10.1080/14693062.2025.2494774&lt;/p&gt;
  1205. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1206. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado9966" target="_blank"&gt;Carbonates identified by the Curiosity rover indicate a carbon cycle operated on ancient Mars&lt;/a&gt;, Tutolo et al., &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1126/science.ado9966&lt;/p&gt;
  1207. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0464" target="_blank"&gt;Climate, vegetation, people: disentangling the controls of fire at different timescales&lt;/a&gt;, Harrison et al., &lt;em&gt;Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0464" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1098/rstb.2023.0464&lt;/p&gt;
  1208. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informed opinion, nudges &amp;amp; major initiatives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1209. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000564" target="_blank"&gt;Climate-driven systemic risk to the sustainable development goals&lt;/a&gt;, Ciullo et al., &lt;em&gt;PLOS Climate&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000564" target="_blank"&gt; Open Access&lt;/a&gt; 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000564&lt;/p&gt;
  1210. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv5677" target="_blank"&gt;Prevent coastal seawater intrusion in China&lt;/a&gt;, Liu et al., &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt; 10.1126/science.adv5677&lt;/p&gt;
  1211. &lt;hr /&gt;
  1212. &lt;h3&gt;&lt;a id="gov-ngo"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change&lt;/h3&gt;
  1213. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www2.itif.org/2025-small-modular-reactors.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Small Modular Reactors: A Realist Approach to the Future of Nuclear Power&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Robin Gaster, &lt;strong&gt;Information Technology and Innovation Foundation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1214. &lt;blockquote&gt;Standard large nuclear reactors will not achieve scale or cost competitiveness with alternative energy sources. The Department of Energy (DOE) should focus its resources on small modular reactors, which are a more promising technology with the potential to achieve price and performance parity. Small modular reactors (SMRs) are the future of nuclear power, and they could become an important strategic export industry in the next two decades. SMRs must get to a sufficient scale so they can become cost-competitive with other energy sources including large reactors, renewables, and fossil fuels. DOE needs to develop independent assessment capabilities for SMRs (and other technologies) that focus on the pathway to price and performance parity (P3). All major investments must be reviewed through the P3 lens. DOE should maintain and expand its strong support for basic and applied nuclear research through the Advanced Reactor Development Program and DOE&amp;rsquo;s GenIII+ program, including new test and demonstration sites at Idaho National Lab.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1215. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.synapse-energy.com/sites/default/files/Evergreen%20PJM%20Queue%20Report%204.10.25_%20final%2024-145.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Tackling the PJM Electricity Cost Crisis. An Analysis of the Benefits of PJM Interconnection Reform&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Chavin et al, &lt;strong&gt;Synapse Energy Economics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1216. &lt;blockquote&gt;Electricity customers in the PJM region (which spans all or parts of 13 Mid-Atlantic states and Washington, D.C.) are facing a looming cost crisis stemming from two major issues: (a) worsening barriers to building and connecting new generation resources needed to supply the electric grid, and (b) unprecedented increases in projected electricity demand. Accelerating new resource deployment will be necessary to reliably serve new and existing loads without greatly increasing energy costs to electricity customers. Bringing online more clean energy resources will also be critical to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and meeting state climate goals. However, power companies in the region are grappling with several barriers that impede their ability to connect new resources to the grid, including PJM&amp;rsquo;s interconnection queue delays, local permitting and siting processes, and global supply chain challenges. The authors conducted a power sector analysis, bill impact analysis, and job impact analysis to understand the benefits of resolving these queue constraints to customers and residents in the PJM states. The analysis shows that if PJM continues down its current path, residential electricity bills in the region are expected to increase by nearly 60 percent by the 2036&amp;ndash;2040 period compared to historical levels. However, if PJM adequately implements interconnection reforms to enable the deployment of more cost-effective energy generation, largely comprised of clean energy sources, electricity bills are projected to decrease by 7 percent by the same period.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1217. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://ctwindcollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Connecticut-Offshore-Wind-Supply-Chain-Assessment-4.16.25.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Connecticut Offshore Wind Supply Chain Assessment: Opportunities and Collaborative Efforts in the Northeast&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Xodos and the Connecticut Wind Collaborative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1218. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors assess the supply chain and regional collaboration opportunities available to the State of Connecticut as it continues to support the development of the offshore wind industry. Additionally, an industry landscape assessment has been provided to build upon the significant work undertaken in the region to date, while providing necessary context on new policy and market drivers so that the results of the assessments herein can be properly contextualized.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1219. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://ceea.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/CEEA-Drill-More-Pay-More-April-17-2025-Final.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Drill More, Pay More. America's New Energy Paradigm&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Jeremy Symons, &lt;strong&gt;Center for Energy and Environmental Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1220. &lt;blockquote&gt;Welcome to the &amp;ldquo;drill more, pay more&amp;rdquo; era. The United States has entered a new energy paradigm characterized by rising domestic energy prices alongside rising energy production. Despite record-high natural gas production levels, US wholesale natural gas prices (Henry Hub) increased 93% in the first quarter of 2025 (Q1) compared to the same period last year. Record natural gas exports are driving higher prices and volatility. Rising natural gas prices are a triple blow to US consumers. President Trump&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;unleashing American energy&amp;rdquo; agenda will likely push prices higher, benefitting oil and gas producers but increasing costs to US energy consumers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1221. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://appvoices.org/resources/reports/Clean_Energy_Tax_Credit_Report_by_AppVoices_2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Clean Energy Tax Credits: Working for Appalachia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Barnes et al, &lt;strong&gt;Appalachian Voices&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1222. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors describe the benefits that federal tax credits for clean energy and energy efficiency are having on nonprofits and businesses throughout Central and Southern Appalachia, specifically Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The authors provide an overview of these tax credits, national and state impacts, 20+ project examples, and spotlight installers and key partners from the region.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1223. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/646e3b899493ae261720e957/t/6802d85b56728a5288371066/1745016928354/LSCA_2025_CLIMATE_SCORECARD+%283%29.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;2025 Climate Scorecard&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Law Students for Climate Accountability&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1224. &lt;blockquote&gt;The Law Students for Climate Accountability annually publishes the Scorecard to understand the role the legal industry plays in the climate crisis more broadly. The Scorecard ranks the "Vault 100" law firms according to how much fossil fuels work they have engaged in over five years. The Scorecard was designed to draw awareness to the indispensable role law firms play in creating, implementing, and safeguarding fossil fuel projects, as well as protecting the people who profit from them. The 2025 Scorecard includes additional firms in major markets in Africa, Australia, Europe, and North America. It shows that after years of mounting pressure, firms have begun to make marginal progress, finding a decrease in Vault 100 firms&amp;rsquo; lobbying on behalf of fossil fuel companies. A new high of 14 firms received an A ranking for 2025.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1225. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://abatable.com/reports/voluntary-carbon-market-overview-2024/" target="_blank"&gt;Decoding the voluntary carbon market in 2024 and beyond&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abatable&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1226. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors found that the impact of high-integrity carbon credit initiatives is beginning to be reflected across the market. The volume of credits retired aligning to the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (IC-VCM) Core Carbon Principle (CCP) or CORSIA quality standards increased from 29% in 2021 to close to 50% in 2024. Buyers are also beginning to pay more for these credits. CCP-labelled credits are commanding an up to $10 price premium in the market. On the market&amp;rsquo;s supply side, credits issued from carbon project developers are also increasingly aligned with high-integrity initiatives. 56% of the largest 25 developers&amp;rsquo; issuances from the last three years are now aligned with these initiatives, compared to 46% in 2022. The increase is more apparent for smaller project developers, with 65% of issuances from the last three years now aligned with high-integrity initiatives compared with 45% in 2022, indicating that buyers looking for quality may need to dig deeper into the market. Remarkably, the scale of carbon market funding deals in 2024 &amp;ndash; $16.3bn &amp;ndash; was 18 times larger than the activity observed in the credit retirement market, highlighting the strategic significance of long-term engagements in high-integrity carbon credit projects. This underscores the enduring commitment of corporate buyers and large investors to the VCM.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1227. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/The-New-Logistics-.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;The New Logistics: Electrifying Freight with Microgrids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Rish Ghatigar and Michael Barnard, &lt;strong&gt;CleanTechnica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1228. &lt;blockquote&gt;The United States faces a significant challenge in decarbonizing its transportation sector, which accounts for over a third of national greenhouse gas emissions and substantial air pollution. Among freight transportation options, road freight has the conditions for success in decarbonizing using electric trucks. The biggest challenge right now is reliably getting clean electricity into trucks, and the answer is grid-connected microgrids with solar and batteries that can be modularized and incrementally scaled for truck depots and stops. The truck electrification strategy lays out the following seven self-reinforcing actions that collectively overcome challenges related to charging microgrids and enable firms to build and adopt them to profit and expand; design charging microgrids incrementally for scalability; take advantage of pricing flexibility to gain a market edge; focus on charging, not hypothetical benefits; lean into modularity to get big things done; focus on common solutions to enhance charging deployment; target corridors with strong GDP and climate goals; and ensure charging success through stakeholder leadership.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1229. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.goremutual.ca/wp-content/uploads/Making-it-personal_Purpose-Insights-Report-2025.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Making it personal. Reframing conversations about DEI and climate change&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Gaby Polanco Sorto, &lt;strong&gt;Gore Mutual Insurance Company&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1230. &lt;blockquote&gt;New surveys reveal that Canadians are closely aligned on issues like climate change and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), challenging the narrative of sharp political division. Over 90% of respondents, regardless of political affiliation, support or are neutral about DEI initiatives and climate policies in their workplaces and communities. Support for climate policy spans the political spectrum, including 50% of right-leaning respondents and 74% of those on the left. 81% believe DEI initiatives strengthen relationships across generations, races, and genders, but many worry that some groups&amp;mdash;especially older adults and lower-income individuals&amp;mdash;are left out of the conversation. 35% say their opinions on climate action have become more positive in the past year, especially due to increasing natural disasters&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1231. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/R10-News-release-Liberians-call-for-urgent-climate-action-and-international-support-Afrobarometer-19Apr25.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Liberians call for urgent climate action and international support, Afrobarometer survey shows&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afrobarometer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1232. &lt;blockquote&gt;A majority of Liberians who are aware of climate change want immediate action to address its effects. Climate change-aware citizens call for urgent intervention from both the Liberian government and developed countries to limit climate change, even if the costs are high, and strongly believe that richer countries have a responsibility to help Liberia finance its climate response. Most of those who have heard of climate change say it is already worsening life in the country, with many blaming it on a combination of human activity and natural processes.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1233. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2025-04/the-effective-impact-behavioral-shifts-energy-transport-food.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;The effective impact of behavioral shifts in energy, transport, and food&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Kraft-Todd et al, &lt;strong&gt;World Resoruces Institute&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1234. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors analyze which individual behavior shifts have the largest &amp;ldquo;effective impact&amp;rdquo; on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Effective impact is a novel measure that combines both theoretical potential (what could happen if everyone adopted sustainable behaviors) and real-world results (what actually happens when interventions aimed only at individuals are attempted without changing the broader system). While sustainable behavior shifts could theoretically cancel out all the GHG emissions an average person produces each year, individual-level interventions typically achieve only 10% of this potential &amp;mdash; highlighting the need for both individual and systemic change. In addition, the authors identify which behavior change tools (like defaults, social norms or providing information) are the most effective.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1235. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://lib.icimod.org/records/kcknw-ers18" target="_blank"&gt;Hindu Kush Himalaya Snow Update 2025&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;S. Muhammad, &lt;strong&gt;The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1236. &lt;blockquote&gt;The update 2025 highlights a significant decline in seasonal snow across the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, with snow persistence 23.6% below normal &amp;mdash; the lowest in 23 years. This trend, now in its third consecutive year, threatens water security for nearly two billion people. All twelve major river basins, including the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra, experienced below-average snow cover, with the Mekong and Salween basins losing over 50%. The author warns of potential lower river flows, increased groundwater reliance, and heightened drought risk, urging improved water management, stronger drought preparedness, better early warning systems, and regional cooperation. Long-term resilience requires science-led policies and investments in water storage and efficient meltwater use&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1237. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/659387/record-high-call-global-warming-serious-threat.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;Record-High 48% Call Global Warming a Serious Threat&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gallup&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1238. &lt;blockquote&gt;A record-high 48% of U.S. adults anticipate that global warming will, at some point, pose a serious threat to themselves or their way of life, up from 44% saying this a year ago. The current reading is two percentage points above the prior high in 2023, following a long-term increase from 25% in 1997. The latest results are from Gallup&amp;rsquo;s March 3-16 Environment survey, conducted about a month after wildfires ravaged parts of southern California in January. This year&amp;rsquo;s installment of the annual survey also comes after numerous extreme weather events occurred around the country last summer and fall, including major flooding in North Carolina in September stemming from Hurricane Helene. Thirty-seven percent of Americans in March said they have personally been affected by an extreme weather event in the past two years.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1239. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://stopfinancingfactoryfarming.com/app/uploads/2025/04/unsustainable-investment-ifc-ghg-report-april-2025-final-1.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Unsustainable Investment: International Finance Corporation&amp;rsquo;s Failures to Address GHG Emissions in Industrial Livestock Operations&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;Kelly McNamara and Divya Narain, &lt;strong&gt;Stop Financing Factory Farming&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1240. &lt;blockquote&gt;The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the World Bank&amp;rsquo;s private sector arm, has poured billions into polluting animal agriculture projects while falling short of upholding its own climate standards. Between 2020 and 2025, the IFC approved 38 loans worth roughly $2 billion to industrial meat, dairy, and animal feed corporations&amp;mdash;without ensuring those clients met the IFC&amp;rsquo;s own climate requirements. Despite its pledge to align all financing with the Paris Agreement goals by July 2025, IFC has funded agribusinesses that show little to no evidence of mitigating climate risk or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This undermines the World Bank Group&amp;rsquo;s climate credibility and sends the wrong signals to global markets about what is considered sustainable.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1241. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2025/04/scottish-climate-survey-main-findings/documents/scottish-climate-survey-2024-main-findings/scottish-climate-survey-2024-main-findings/govscot%3Adocument/Scottish%2BClimate%2BSurvey%2B2024_main%2Bfindings.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Scottish Climate Survey 2024: main findings&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scotish Government&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1242. &lt;blockquote&gt;The Scottish Climate Survey is a nationally representative survey of Scottish adults&amp;rsquo; awareness, understanding and experiences of climate change-related issues. Over six in ten (62%) respondents said they knew a great deal or a fair amount about climate change; almost three quarters (72%) felt climate change is an immediate and urgent problem, while 13% felt it is more of a problem for the future; around two in five (39%) said they had spoken to others about climate change at least once a week in the last month; the most trusted source of information or advice about climate change was universities, research organizations or scientists (74%), followed by the Scottish Government (39%), major national charities or third sector organizations (32%), and the UK Government (31%); and when asked how thinking about climate change made them feel, respondents most commonly said they felt 'worried' (46%), 'powerless' (35%) or 'sad' (26%).&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1243. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://resources.ipsos.com/rs/297-CXJ-795/images/People%26ClimateChange2025.pdf?version=0&amp;amp;aliId=eyJpIjoiRW1ISzZXNGp5ODVFbGdtKyIsInQiOiJRZjZkMXJROVladCt3MWxocGZDT1BBPT0ifQ%253D%253D" target="_blank"&gt;People and Climate Change. Public attitudes to the Climate Crisis and the transition to Net Zero&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ipsos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1244. &lt;blockquote&gt;The authors explore perceptions of the risks facing people from the climate crisis as well as where is the responsibility for greater action. People recognize that the last decade has been the hottest on record and they believe it is important to keep temperatures under the 1.5?C target. However, people are becoming less action focused and more disengaged. Long-term trends show fewer feel individual action is needed. People are divided on whether their country should do more. Concern about the impact of climate change is rising. People recognize 1.5?C temperature rise is a big deal.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1245. &lt;hr /&gt;
  1246. &lt;h3&gt;About &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  1247. &lt;p&gt;Click &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/About_Skeptical_Science_New_Research.shtml"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the why and how of Skeptical Science &lt;em&gt;New Research&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1248. &lt;h3&gt;Suggestions&lt;/h3&gt;
  1249. &lt;p&gt;Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php"&gt;contact form&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1250. &lt;h3&gt;Previous edition&lt;/h3&gt;
  1251. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_16.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  1252. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_17.html</link>
  1253. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_17.html</guid>
  1254. <pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2025 15:08:04 EST</pubDate>
  1255. </item>  <item>
  1256. <title>Inside my quest for a climate-friendly bank</title>
  1257. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/02/inside-my-quest-for-a-climate-friendly-bank/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Pearl Marvell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1258. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="attachment-newspack-featured-image size-newspack-featured-image wp-post-image" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/pearl-ponders.png?fit=1200%2C675&amp;amp;ssl=1" alt="Image of a woman looking thoughtful. Dollar bills swirl around her." width="550" height="309" data-hero-candidate="1" /&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Photo credit: Pearl Marvell. Image credit: Samantha Harrington. Dollar bill vector image:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/flying-dollars-set_9175128.htm#page=3&amp;amp;query=dollar%20sign&amp;amp;position=15&amp;amp;from_view=keyword&amp;amp;track=ais&amp;amp;uuid=679a18b4-5ada-4428-99fd-706cc59b15ed"&gt;by pch.vector&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on Freepik)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1259. &lt;div class="main-content"&gt;
  1260. &lt;div class="entry-content"&gt;
  1261. &lt;p class="has-drop-cap"&gt;Igrew up knowing that when you had extra money, you put it under a bed, stashed it in a book or a clock, or, if there was enough of it, it went into a savings account at a bank.&lt;/p&gt;
  1262. &lt;p&gt;It hadn&amp;rsquo;t occurred to me that my bank account could be contributing to the climate crisis until I learned that since the adoption of the Paris agreement in 2015, 60 of the world&amp;rsquo;s largest banks&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.bankingonclimatechaos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/BOCC_2023_vF.pdf"&gt;have invested&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;$5.5 trillion into the fossil fuel industry. And they&amp;rsquo;re using our money to do it.&lt;/p&gt;
  1263. &lt;p&gt;When we deposit our paychecks, the money doesn&amp;rsquo;t just sit there. Generally, banking institutions will use our money for investments and loans to other individuals and businesses, including fossil fuel companies.&lt;/p&gt;
  1264. &lt;p&gt;So I realized that one of the levers that I could pull to fight climate change would be to take my money out of banks that invest in fossil fuels. And I could use my skills as a journalist to figure out where to put my money instead.&lt;/p&gt;
  1265. &lt;p&gt;One thing I learned in my research: It&amp;rsquo;s no surprise that I didn&amp;rsquo;t know my bank could be using my money for fossil fuel investments.&lt;/p&gt;
  1266. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;I worked in financial services, and I didn&amp;rsquo;t even know where my money was going,&amp;rdquo; said Yejide Olutosin, director of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.businessclimatefinance.org/"&gt;Business Climate Finance Initiative&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;at Impact Experience, an organization that works with companies to assess their carbon footprint and find ways to reduce it. &amp;ldquo;So you imagine just the everyday person with the everyday chores and family and obligations. They don&amp;rsquo;t have the time.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1267. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1268. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Are there any climate-friendly banks?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
  1269. &lt;p&gt;The best-known banks are&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/09/04/worlds-money-is-flowing-in-the-wrong-direction-funding-of-fossil-fuels-eclipses-climate-fi"&gt;still investing trillions&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in fossil fuel-related companies. But numerous smaller, community-driven banks, as well as certain online-only banks, appear on lists of climate-friendly banking institutions, such as&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bank.green/sustainable-eco-banks"&gt;this list&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;created by the volunteer climate activists behind&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bank.green/"&gt;bank.green&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1270. &lt;p&gt;Another resource is&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bankforgood.org/"&gt;Bank for Good&lt;/a&gt;, which lists banks and credit unions that have committed not to do business with the fossil fuel industry. You can filter for your needs and pull up information about why the suggested options are considered climate-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;
  1271. &lt;p&gt;If you don&amp;rsquo;t see your bank on the list, the website offers a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bankforgood.org/reach-out/"&gt;sample letter&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that you can send to your bank requesting an answer about whether they invest in fossil fuels. If you do end up moving your money to a greener bank, you can also send your original banking institution a letter or emai&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;about why you&amp;rsquo;re divesting. (The activist group 350.org has a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://world.350.org/triangle/bank-divestment-sample-letter/"&gt;sample letter&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;
  1272. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;Are credit unions climate-friendly?&lt;/h4&gt;
  1273. &lt;p&gt;You might also choose to put your money into a locally owned bank or credit union. These institutions are less likely to have money invested in fossil fuel companies and are more likely to focus on the community in their investing and loan programs.&lt;/p&gt;
  1274. &lt;p&gt;Olutosin of the Business Climate Finance Initiative works with companies to find climate-friendly finance options that focus on justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. She, too, has made changes in her banking and investment choices.&lt;/p&gt;
  1275. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;I realized that some of the companies that I was investing in a few years ago also support financially privatized prisons, which is something that is just a hard line for me,&amp;rdquo; she said. &amp;ldquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t like the business model, and I don&amp;rsquo;t like the social implications of privatized prisons in this country.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1276. &lt;p&gt;Olutosin is also a big advocate for banking locally &amp;mdash; and she points out that many local banks offer competitive interest rates.&lt;/p&gt;
  1277. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;If you were to bank with a different bank tomorrow, your savings account doesn&amp;rsquo;t go down,&amp;rdquo; Olutosin said. &amp;ldquo;But by shifting that money to a bank that is working in your community, you not only get whatever the savings rate is, but you also get that confidence of knowing that, &amp;ldquo;OK, a portion of what I&amp;rsquo;m depositing into this institution reflects my morals and value.&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1278. &lt;p&gt;Olutosin said community-centered financial institutions also often offer services like financial literacy workshops and guidance on how to buy a home, a justice issue in itself.&lt;/p&gt;
  1279. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;When you think about traditional banks, you kind of have to have that relationship before you can ask for a mortgage or ask for a line of credit. But what if you&amp;rsquo;ve been unbankable?&amp;rdquo; Olutosin said, referring to the approximately&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/household-survey/index.html"&gt;5.9 million American households&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that do not contain one member who has a savings or checking account at a bank or credit union.&lt;/p&gt;
  1280. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;But you want to start a business in your local community? What are your options? And so that&amp;rsquo;s another place where community-led financial institutions have the upper hand.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1281. &lt;p&gt;Olutosin said that credit unions and local banks are more likely than larger institutions to have flexibility on the requirements needed to offer home and business loans to individuals.&lt;/p&gt;
  1282. &lt;p&gt;Marginalized and minority communities are&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-report-shows-disproportionate-impacts-climate-change-socially-vulnerable"&gt;disproportionately harmed&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;by extreme weather. That makes it all the more important to support these local and community institutions, Olutosin said.&lt;/p&gt;
  1283. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;If my home washes out into the sea, there&amp;rsquo;s nowhere else for me to go,&amp;rdquo; she said. &amp;ldquo;And if I&amp;rsquo;m unbankable, how do I then get another mortgage so that I can live somewhere else?&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1284. &lt;p&gt;She said that it is important to not look at climate action in a silo, but rather something that can also fight against many forms of inequality.&lt;/p&gt;
  1285. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;&lt;span&gt;How I chose a climate-friendly bank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
  1286. &lt;p&gt;I had been banking with a traditional big bank that has made weak promises of moving away from fossil fuels. But it still ranks as one of the top 60 investors in fossil fuels in the world, according to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bank.green/"&gt;bank.green&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1287. &lt;p&gt;Through my research, I found&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.climatefirstbank.com/"&gt;Climate First Bank&lt;/a&gt;, and I decided to make the switch.&lt;/p&gt;
  1288. &lt;p&gt;I felt nervous about pulling my money out of a traditional bank to put it into one that I hadn&amp;rsquo;t even heard of before. But learning that the Climate First Bank is FDIC-insured put my mind at ease. (When a bank is FDIC insured, it means that at least $250,000 is safe even if the bank fails. You can check whether a bank is FDIC insured at&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://banks.data.fdic.gov/bankfind-suite/bankfind"&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;
  1289. &lt;p&gt;Climate First Bank is based in Florida with no branches outside the state. I didn&amp;rsquo;t want to pay a fee to get cash out, but on the bank&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.climatefirstbank.com/atm-locations"&gt;ATM surcharge-free locator page&lt;/a&gt;, I saw a couple of spots near where I live.&lt;/p&gt;
  1290. &lt;p&gt;I completed the application for a bank account and quickly heard back from an actual person, who set up a video call with me to go over my application. Speaking to someone working there reassured me about moving my money.&lt;/p&gt;
  1291. &lt;p&gt;A few weeks after opening up a bank account, I organized an interview with Ken LaRoe, the founder and CEO of Climate First Bank. When we connected on Zoom, LaRoe was wearing a black T-shirt that said &amp;ldquo;Don&amp;rsquo;t Say DeSantis&amp;rdquo; in rainbow colors.&lt;/p&gt;
  1292. &lt;p&gt;LaRoe told me he&amp;rsquo;d founded and operated two other banks before he opened Climate First Bank in 2021. His first one was just your run-of-the-mill bank. But something changed for him after he read the book &amp;ldquo;&lt;a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22155.Let_My_People_Go_Surfing"&gt;Let My People Go Surfing&lt;/a&gt;&amp;rdquo; by Yvon Chouinard, founder of the outdoor gear and clothing company Patagonia.&lt;/p&gt;
  1293. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;And it was like, &amp;lsquo;Oh my gosh, I&amp;rsquo;ve got to do something that gives back and doesn&amp;rsquo;t just make a bunch of people a bunch of money,&amp;rdquo; LaRoe said. That was the genesis of First Green Bank, founded in 2009 to promote environmental responsibility and green building. But when he sold the bank in 2018, the bank that acquired First Green Bank didn&amp;rsquo;t continue the environmental mission.&lt;/p&gt;
  1294. &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;It just broke my heart,&amp;rdquo; LaRoe said. &amp;ldquo;Every morning I&amp;rsquo;d get up and say, &amp;lsquo;I&amp;rsquo;m going to start another bank.&amp;rsquo; And every night I&amp;rsquo;d say, &amp;lsquo;I can&amp;rsquo;t do it. I&amp;rsquo;m too old, I don&amp;rsquo;t have it in me.&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
  1295. &lt;p&gt;In 2021, LaRoe decided to open Climate First Bank, which provides individuals and businesses with specialized green loan options for rooftop solar, EV charging, and even purchasing certified carbon offsets. The bank works with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.weareneutral.com/our-mission"&gt;We Are Neutral&lt;/a&gt;, a Florida-based nonprofit that helps companies reduce their carbon footprint, and is also part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.onepercentfortheplanet.org/"&gt;1% for the Planet&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;network, whose members pledge to donate at least 1% of annual sales to environmental groups. And the bank&amp;rsquo;s branch offices use environmentally friendly construction.&lt;/p&gt;
  1296. &lt;p&gt;LaRoe said the bank now has customers in 48 states and two foreign countries and surpassed $460 million in assets in September 2023. According to LaRoe, the bank lends about $6 million per month in residential solar loans.&lt;/p&gt;
  1297. &lt;p&gt;So instead of the money in my checking account being used to float and grow fossil fuel companies, now it is being used to help put solar panels on homes.&lt;/p&gt;
  1298. &lt;h4 class="wp-block-heading"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Every step counts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
  1299. &lt;p&gt;One thing I have learned over the past year is that trying to do anything perfectly doesn&amp;rsquo;t get you very far. You end up becoming overwhelmed. A better way to approach combating climate change is taking one step at a time, knowing that every step counts. So if you don&amp;rsquo;t have the time or ability to fully divest from a fossil-fuel-invested bank all at once, that is OK. I know that I am not doing it perfectly, but I know that I am moving in the right direction, and that&amp;rsquo;s good enough.&lt;/p&gt;
  1300. &lt;/div&gt;
  1301. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
  1302. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/quest-climate-friendly-bank.html</link>
  1303. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/quest-climate-friendly-bank.html</guid>
  1304. <pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2025 14:26:20 EST</pubDate>
  1305. </item>  <item>
  1306. <title>A worse-than-current-policy world?</title>
  1307. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-worse-than-current-policy-world"&gt;re-post from The Climate Brink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1308. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The world has made real progress toward tacking climate change in recent years, with spending on clean energy technologies skyrocketing from hundreds of billions to trillions of dollars globally over the past decade, and global CO2 emissions&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-will-reach-new-high-in-2024-despite-slower-growth/"&gt;plateauing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1309. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This has contributed to a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/29768659241304854"&gt;reassessment of likely climate outcomes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;this century, with the world now likely heading toward less than 3C warming by 2100 under current policies &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;compared to the 4C warming that seemed more plausible 15 years ago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="footnote-hovercard-target"&gt;&lt;a id="footnote-anchor-1-160788127" class="footnote-anchor" rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-worse-than-current-policy-world#footnote-1-160788127" target="_self" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1310. &lt;p&gt;However, it is important to emphasize that current policies are neither a ceiling nor a floor on future emissions. While I hope that recent trends in declining clean energy cost, rapid deployment, and stronger climate policy trends accelerate in the coming decades, it is by no means assured.&lt;/p&gt;
  1311. &lt;p&gt;Below the surface of cautious optimism lurks a much darker potential future, one where clean energy is curtailed not by a lack of human ingenuity but by misguided policy that priorities and subsidizes domestic fossil energy resources while closing us off from the rest of the world.&lt;/p&gt;
  1312. &lt;h3 class="header-anchor-post"&gt;Enter SSP3&lt;/h3&gt;
  1313. &lt;p&gt;Back in 2016, the global energy modeling community set out to explore a set of socioeconomic futures that could shape the 21st century, impacting both our emissions and our ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change. They produced five different &amp;ldquo;Shared Socioeconomic Pathways&amp;rdquo;, or SSPs, that involved different underlying narratives of the future, levels of economic and population growth, and barriers to international cooperation and technological development.&lt;/p&gt;
  1314. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  1315. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6161837-9c9e-4177-9fd8-8c3c0cc95a7a_1704x848.png" alt="" width="550" height="274" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b6161837-9c9e-4177-9fd8-8c3c0cc95a7a_1704x848.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:725,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:108406,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/160788127?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6161837-9c9e-4177-9fd8-8c3c0cc95a7a_1704x848.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1316. &lt;em&gt;Global socioeconomic assumptions under different SSPs. Figure via&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-shared-socioeconomic-pathways-explore-future-climate-change/"&gt;Carbon Brief&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;using data from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel="" href="https://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb/"&gt;IIASA SSP database&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1317. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1318. &lt;p&gt;These SSPs included a equitable, sustainability-focused world of SSP1, a current-trends-continue SSP2 world, a world of high inequality (SSP4), and a world of rapid growth drawing heavily on fossil fuels (SSP5). But the world with the worst damages from climate change combined high inequality, high emissions, and low economic growth. It was called SSP3, and in many ways it reflects a current strain of populist isolationist politics that is ascendent today:&lt;/p&gt;
  1319. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1320. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SSP3 -&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regional Rivalry &amp;ndash; A Rocky Road (High challenges to mitigation and adaptation)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;A resurgent nationalism, concerns about competitiveness and security, and regional conflicts push countries to increasingly focus on domestic or, at most, regional issues. Policies shift over time to become increasingly oriented toward national and regional security issues. Countries focus on achieving energy and food security goals within their own regions at the expense of broader-based development. Investments in education and technological development decline. Economic development is slow, consumption is material-intensive, and inequalities persist or worsen over time. Population growth is low in industrialized and high in developing countries. A low international priority for addressing environmental concerns leads to strong environmental degradation in some regions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1321. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1322. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;I even got in a bit of trouble back in 2021 by calling this &amp;ldquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/10/trump-world-climate-change/"&gt;Trump World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;rdquo;, though the actions in his second term around energy and trade seem to be playing out much more closely to SSP3 than other pathways.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1323. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Despite having about 1C less overall warming than the (rather internally inconsistent and implausible) SSP5 pathway,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="footnote-hovercard-target"&gt;&lt;a id="footnote-anchor-2-160788127" class="footnote-anchor" rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-worse-than-current-policy-world#footnote-2-160788127" target="_self" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;SSP3 actually results in larger damages from climate change to society. Thats because in SSP3 the world is relatively poor and unequal; large parts of the planet still live in relative poverty without access to technologies that allow them to at least partially adapt to climate changes. The SSPs provide a useful tool to separate challenges to mitigation and adaption and more carefully explore the interplay of the two on future impacts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1324. &lt;div class="captioned-image-container"&gt;
  1325. &lt;div class="image2-inset"&gt;&lt;img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaa3cb54-8648-4177-8990-991b5ac3a16d_1696x1366.png" alt="" width="550" height="443" data-attrs="{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/faa3cb54-8648-4177-8990-991b5ac3a16d_1696x1366.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;srcNoWatermark&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;fullscreen&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;imageSize&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:1173,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:1456,&amp;quot;resizeWidth&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;bytes&amp;quot;:685012,&amp;quot;alt&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;image/png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:null,&amp;quot;belowTheFold&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;topImage&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;internalRedirect&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/160788127?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaa3cb54-8648-4177-8990-991b5ac3a16d_1696x1366.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;isProcessing&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;align&amp;quot;:null}" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1326. &lt;em&gt;Figure from&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/1/3"&gt;Sellers and Ebi 2018&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1327. &lt;p&gt;That being said, the 21st century is much longer than a four year term, and the world is much larger than the United States. While a world like this is worth considering (and trying to avoid!), its far from a foregone conclusion that we are headed there now. And some changes over the past decade make the SSP3 baseline scenario less likely than when it was originally published.&lt;/p&gt;
  1328. &lt;h3 class="header-anchor-post"&gt;Still an unlikely scenario&lt;/h3&gt;
  1329. &lt;p&gt;There are a few parts of SSP3 that seem pretty unlikely even if Trumpian politics become the driving force of the next 75 years. For one thing, global population growth as high as SSP3 is increasingly unlikely; even the decade since the SSPs were published has seen a notable downturn in future population projections.&lt;/p&gt;
  1330. &lt;p&gt;Similarly, SSP3&amp;rsquo;s dramatic expansion of coal use seems pretty unlikely today. Since the publication of SSP3 the world&amp;rsquo;s energy landscape has dramatically changed, both due to the plummeting costs of renewables and storage and from the expansion of natural gas systems (particularly LNG infrastructure). While clean energy is ideologically polarized in the US, it is less likely to be in China, India, and the developing world who will in large part determine the world&amp;rsquo;s emissions trajectory this century. There the focus is on building out the lowest cost energy system &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;which today is increasingly clean.&lt;/p&gt;
  1331. &lt;p&gt;But the consistent move toward lower emissions futures over the past decade should not make us overconfident that this trend will necessarily continue. It is only through hard work &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;innovation, policy, deployment &amp;ndash;&amp;nbsp;that emissions will come down, and it is certainly possible to imagine a world worse than current policies would imply, even if it is not clear that we are headed toward that world quite yet.&lt;/p&gt;
  1332. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;And, of course, current policies themselves&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/29768659241304854"&gt;lead to a world a bit below 3C warming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;, which is woefully insufficient to avoid potentially catastrophic impacts from climate change. In the critical time that we need to ramp up mitigation, we are starting to move in the wrong direction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1333. &lt;div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a id="footnote-1-160788127" class="footnote-number" rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-worse-than-current-policy-world#footnote-anchor-1-160788127" target="_self"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;While we are likely heading to a bit below 3C under current policies, that is the central estimate and ignores large uncertainties in the climate system. It is&amp;nbsp;&lt;a rel="" href="https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/flattening-the-curve-of-future-emissions"&gt;still possible&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for the world to end up at 4C instead of ~2.7C in a current policy world if climate sensitivity and carbon cycle feedbacks are both on the high end of the range of estimates.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1334. &lt;div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a id="footnote-2-160788127" class="footnote-number" rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-worse-than-current-policy-world#footnote-anchor-2-160788127" target="_self"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;SSP5 has always struck me as a hard outcome to imagine. Its a world where everyone is incredibly wealthily by the end of the century, technology advances rapidly, the world interconnected and much more equal, and we still decide to burn all our coal reserves. I see a fossil fuel-heavy world as much more likely associated with poverty, isolationism, and low rates of technological development.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
  1335. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/worse-than-current-policy-world.html</link>
  1336. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/worse-than-current-policy-world.html</guid>
  1337. <pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2025 14:05:54 EST</pubDate>
  1338. </item>  <item>
  1339. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #16</title>
  1340. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 28 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 13, 2025 thru Sat, April 19, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
  1341. &lt;p&gt;This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. The formatting is a bit different compared to previous weeks, though. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;
  1342. &lt;h3&gt;Stories we promoted this week, by category:&lt;/h3&gt;
  1343. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Policy and Politics (13 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1344. &lt;ul&gt;
  1345. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2025/04/epa-plans-target-climate-change-initiatives/" target="_blank"&gt;EPA plans target climate change initiatives&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Environmental law experts say rollbacks will reverse advances in recent decades&lt;/em&gt; Nation &amp;amp; World, Harvard Gazette, Alvin Powell, Apr 14, 2024.&lt;/li&gt;
  1346. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/10042025/deep-change-theory-could-lead-to-sustainable-future/" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;lsquo;Deep Change Theory&amp;rsquo; Could Pull Us Out of a Global Climate and Pollution Crisis, Scientists Say&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A new U.N. report maps a path toward a more sustainable future and challenges society to question basic assumptions and values about the environment, consumption and waste.&lt;/em&gt; Science, Inside Climate News, Bob Berwyn, Apr 10, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1347. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11042025/noaa-cuts-continue-ocean-researchers-worry/" target="_blank"&gt;As NOAA Cuts Continue, Ocean Researchers Worry About Monitoring Programs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A global network of buoys that measure sea surface temperatures could be vulnerable because the U.S. funds about half the program.&lt;/em&gt; Inside Climate News, Bob Berwyn, Apr 11, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1348. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12042025/new-trump-administration-directives-to-repeal-environmental-regulations-en-masse-make-no-sense-legal-experts-say/" target="_blank"&gt;New Trump Administration Directives to Repeal Environmental Regulations En Masse Make &amp;lsquo;No Sense,&amp;rsquo; Legal Experts Say&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Experts in environmental and energy law said the effort &amp;ldquo;reflects a complete lack of understanding of how government works.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/em&gt; Politics, Inside Climate News, Kiley Bense, Apr 12, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1349. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/04/12/climate-change-news-shows-rapid-shifts-under-trump-administration/83013048007/" target="_blank"&gt;Barrage of news shows climate change policy is rapidly shifting under Trump administration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Spending cuts and directives questioning the reality and urgency of climate change have marked quick shifts in U.S. science policy., Dinah Voyles Pulver, Apr 12, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1350. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Environmental Groups Sue the Trump Administration to Restore Web Tools Critical for Gauging Climate and Pollution Impacts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The removal of websites designed to help disadvantaged communities will hurt those communities the most, lawyers argue.&lt;/em&gt; Justice, &amp;amp; Health, Inside Climate News, Georgina Gustin, Apr 14, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1351. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/04/the-drafters-of-the-clean-air-act-saw-co2-as-a-pollutant/" target="_blank"&gt;The drafters of the Clean Air Act saw CO2 as a pollutant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Climate change and carbon dioxide came up regularly in &amp;lsquo;60s-era Congressional hearings, a team of Harvard historians has found.&lt;/em&gt; Audio, Yale Climate Communications, YCC Team, Apr 14, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1352. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/weather/article/trump-congress-noaa-budget-cuts-california-20275773.php" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;lsquo;Five-alarm fire&amp;rsquo;: Read the Trump proposal that could decimate climate research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Weather, The San Francisco Chronicle, Anthony Edwards, Apr 15, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1353. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/15/trump-climate-webpage-removal-lawsuit" target="_blank"&gt;Green groups sue Trump administration over climate webpage removals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The White House has pulled federal webpages tracking climate and environmental justice data&lt;/em&gt; The Guardian, Dharna Noor, Apr 15, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1354. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://heated.world/p/climate-science-isnt-giving-your" target="_blank"&gt;Climate science isn't giving your kid anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Trump's newest argument for defunding climate science is that it's giving kids anxiety. But that's not really why kids are upset.&lt;/em&gt; HEATED, Emily Atkin, Apr 16, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1355. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18042025/trump-administration-halts-new-york-offshore-wind-project/" target="_blank"&gt;Trump Administration Halts Construction on New York Offshore Wind Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Empire Wind 1&amp;rsquo;s developer says it is considering its legal remedies. New York, meanwhile, needs renewable energy projects to meet its climate goals and to ensure the continued growth of green job opportunities in the city.&lt;/em&gt; Clean Energy, Inside Climate News, Lauren Dalban, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1356. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18042025/trump-may-target-environmental-nonprofits-earth-day-executive-orders/" target="_blank"&gt;Trump May Target Environmental Nonprofits in Executive Orders Expected on Earth Day&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Environmental groups say they are preparing for the worst&amp;mdash;and preparing to fight back.&lt;/em&gt; Politics, Inside Climate News, Marianne Lavelle &amp;amp; Lee Hedgepeth, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1357. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.newsweek.com/nonprofits-work-fill-climate-information-gap-left-trump-cuts-2061304" target="_blank"&gt;Nonprofits Work to Fill the Climate Information Gap Left by Trump Cuts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Newsweek, Jeff Young, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1358. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1359. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1360. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Impacts (4 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1361. &lt;ul&gt;
  1362. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/14/climate-crisis-has-tripled-length-of-deadly-ocean-heatwaves-study-finds" target="_blank"&gt;Climate crisis has tripled length of deadly ocean heatwaves, study finds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Hotter seas supercharge storms and destroy critical ecosystems such as kelp forests and coral reefs&lt;/em&gt; The Guardian, Damian Carrington, Apr 14, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1363. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/B5FmWfIyTUI?si=uhVoVFE4AkkYmee-" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;Ecirc;urope&amp;rsquo;s climate is heating faster than any other&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; DrGilbz on Youtube, Dr. Ella Gilbert, Apr 15, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1364. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16042025/half-the-worlds-people-depend-on-rice-new-research-says-climate-change-will-make-it-toxic/" target="_blank"&gt;Half the World&amp;rsquo;s People Depend on Rice. New Research Says Climate Change Will Make it Toxic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Warmer temperatures and more carbon dioxide will boost levels of arsenic, a dangerous heavy metal, in the staple crop.&lt;/em&gt; Justice &amp;amp; Health, Inside Climate News, Georgina Gustin, Apr 16, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1365. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19042025/greenland-inuit-climate-crisis-ice-melt/" target="_blank"&gt;Surviving the Thaw: Greenland`s Inuit Grapple with Their Melting World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The decline of the island&amp;rsquo;s ice and increasingly volatile weather have made it hard to maintain some Indigenous traditions. The effects of those changes and other impacts of the climate crisis on mental health can be harder to see.&lt;/em&gt; Inside Climate News, Maddy Keyes, Apr 19, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1366. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1367. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Education and Communication (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1368. &lt;ul&gt;
  1369. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-prolog.html" target="_blank"&gt;EGU2025 - Picking and chosing sessions to attend on site in Vienna&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Apr 14, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1370. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/5252198-climate-change-silence-study/" target="_blank"&gt;Most Americans fear global warming. Here's why few discuss it&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; TheHill, Saul Elbein, Apr 17, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1371. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1372. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health Aspects of Climate Change (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1373. &lt;ul&gt;
  1374. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://grist.org/health/science-extreme-heat-humidity-research/" target="_blank"&gt;The world is heating up. How much can our bodies handle?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Scientists put people in a heat chamber for nine hours. Here's what they learned.&lt;/em&gt; Health, Grist, Sachi Kitajima Mulkey, Apr 8, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1375. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/wellness/story/not-just-the-planet-the-climate-crisis-is-also-affecting-our-minds-2708958-2025-04-14" target="_blank"&gt;Not just the planet: The climate crisis is also affecting our minds&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;While not officially classified as a mental illness, eco-anxiety manifests through symptoms such as helplessness, guilt, and distress. This form of anxiety is particularly prevalent among younger generations who are deeply concerned about the world they will inherit.&lt;/em&gt; Lifestyle, India Today, Tiasa Bhowal, Apr 14, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1376. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1377. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Miscellaneous (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1378. &lt;ul&gt;
  1379. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_15.html" target="_blank"&gt;2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp;amp; Global Warming News Roundup #15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A listing of 36 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 6, 2025 thru Sat, April 12, 2025.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, B&amp;auml;rbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom &amp;amp; John Hartz, Apr 13, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1380. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://heatmap.news/energy/solar-gas-cost-tariffs-ira" target="_blank"&gt;Solar Could Lose Its Cost Advantage Over Gas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tariffs and the loss of Inflation Reduction Act incentives could realign new power pricing, according to Morgan Stanley.&lt;/em&gt; HEATMAP, Matthew Zeitlin, Apr 17, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1381. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1382. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Misunderstandings about Climate Science (2 articles)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1383. &lt;ul&gt;
  1384. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-sun.html" target="_blank"&gt;Fact brief - Is the sun responsible for global warming?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, Sue Bin Park, Apr 12, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1385. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-impacts.html" target="_blank"&gt;Fact brief - Is climate change a net benefit for society?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;No - Human-caused climate change has been a net detriment to society as measured by loss of life, economic harm and ecosystem damage.&lt;/em&gt; Skeptical Science, Sue Bin Park, Apr 19, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1386. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1387. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1388. &lt;ul&gt;
  1389. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/windprice"&gt;Is wind power too expensive?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;by Sabin Center, Skeptical Science, Apr 15, 2025&lt;/li&gt;
  1390. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1391. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Science and Research (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1392. &lt;ul&gt;
  1393. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-exploring-the-risks-of-cascading-tipping-points-in-a-warming-world/" target="_blank"&gt;Guest post: Exploring the risks of &amp;lsquo;cascading&amp;rsquo; tipping points in a warming world&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tipping elements within the Earth system are increasingly well understood. &lt;/em&gt; Guest Post, Carbon Brief, Dr Nico Wunderling &amp;amp; Thilo K&amp;ouml;rkel,, Apr 15, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1394. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1395. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (1 article)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1396. &lt;ul&gt;
  1397. &lt;li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr788kljlklo" target="_blank"&gt;Project to suck carbon out of sea begins in UK&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; BBC News, John Fisher, Apr 18, 2025.&lt;/li&gt;
  1398. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1399. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
  1400. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_16.html</link>
  1401. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_16.html</guid>
  1402. <pubDate>Sun, 20 Apr 2025 10:52:58 EST</pubDate>
  1403. </item>  <item>
  1404. <title>EGU2025 - Presentation about our translation activities</title>
  1405. <description>&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in the recently published &lt;a href="https://sks.to/egu25-prolog" target="_blank"&gt;prolog to EGU2025 article&lt;/a&gt;, I submitted&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/EGU25-1440.html" target="_blank"&gt;an abstract to talk about some of our translation activities&lt;/a&gt; and the challenges we have been facing with those. This blog post is a "companion article" to that presentation in session&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52035" target="_blank"&gt;EOS4.3 Geoethics and Global Anthropogenic Change: Geoscience for Policy, Action and Education in Addressing the Climate and Ecological Crises&lt;/a&gt; and will go into somewhat greater details than is possible in the 8 minutes available during the oral session which will be happening on May 2. Please note that what follows is by no means meant as a crtiicism of the many volunteer translator teams, of whom &lt;em&gt;we are very appreciative&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;for the work they did over the years, creating the many translations available on our website! &lt;span&gt;You can download the full presentation in &lt;span id="skstip2" class="skstip advanced disabled"&gt;PDF&lt;/span&gt;-format (3MB) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2025-EOS4.3-SkS-Translations.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1406. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-ShareGraphic-Translations-1500px.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-ShareGraphic-Translations-570px.jpg" alt="Translations" width="570" height="383" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1407. &lt;h3&gt;Some statistics&lt;/h3&gt;
  1408. &lt;p&gt;When John Cook launched Skeptical Science in 2007, the website was only available in English. During 2009 some regular readers floated the idea to also offer translated versions of the rebuttals and John added those capabilities towards the end of the year. The first translations added were Finnish, Spanish and Czech. A while later, options to also translate blog posts and pages were added. People worked on their own or within small teams and many translations were added during the first few years as can be seen in the statistics of number of rebuttals added per language and year:&lt;/p&gt;
  1409. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1410. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide06.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide06-570px.JPG" alt="Rebuttal translation stats" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1411. &lt;p&gt;During 2010 - the first full year of rebuttal translations being possible - more than 430 rebuttal translations were created and 40 translators were active in the system tackling 19 languages. In 2011 those numbers went down to 250 rebuttals created by 25 translators in 15 languages and even further down in the following years:&lt;/p&gt;
  1412. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide08.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide08-570px.JPG" alt="Active translators per year" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1413. &lt;p&gt;The picture is similar for translations of blog posts but on a much lower level of activity than for rebuttals. These translations became possible in 2010 and 70 translations were created in 11 languages by 12 translators. Numbers fell to a bit over 20 translations in the 2 following years. The little spike of blog post translations in 2024 is due to 20 German fact brief translations created by a translator course at the University of Heidelberg - a successful collaboration mentioned in more details &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-collaborations.html#IUD" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
  1414. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide09.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide09-570px.JPG" alt="Blog post translations" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1415. &lt;p&gt;For most languages, only one translator has created blog post translations during a year and at most there were two. There never were more than 12 translators of blog posts across languages in any given year.&lt;/p&gt;
  1416. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide10.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide10-570px.JPG" alt="Blog post translators" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1417. &lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;
  1418. &lt;p&gt;What do these numbers mean? There obviously was a big push to create rebuttal translations by many people in many languages shortly after the option to do so became available. The activity however apparently wasn't sustainable in the long run, as shown by the quick and deep drop after the first two or three years of activities. Most likely reasons are that the volunteer translators had to turn their activities towards other tasks on their plate and they just no longer had the time to work on translations.&lt;/p&gt;
  1419. &lt;p&gt;Another thing, the statistics above show, is that many more rebuttal translations than blog post translations have been created over the years. The reason might be that creating translations for long-lived rebuttals is seen as more worth the effort than for transient blog posts (even though some of those are very often referred to from elsewhere).&lt;/p&gt;
  1420. &lt;p&gt;What the data also show: once created, rebuttal translations are rarely - if ever - updated to reflect changes in the English original version. This holds true for tedious tasks like fixing broken links but also for much bigger changes in the English versions, like when we&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/at-a-glance" target="_blank"&gt;added the "At-a-glance" sections&lt;/a&gt; in 2023/24 to more than 70 rebuttals. Only a fraction of those saw updates in one or two languages:&lt;/p&gt;
  1421. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/2_EGU25-Translations-Slide08.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide07-570px.JPG" alt="Rebuttal Updates" width="571" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1422. &lt;h3&gt;Other translation projects&lt;/h3&gt;
  1423. &lt;p&gt;In addition to coordinating translation activities for our own website's content, I have the pleasure to coordinate translations for several other projects which at least have some connection to Skeptical Science. For each of these projects, we have dedicated pages or blog posts, so I'll only list them here briefly:&lt;/p&gt;
  1424. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Cranky Uncle game&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1425. &lt;p&gt;Connection to Skeptical Science: John Cook is the creator of both. As of this writing, the game - available for &lt;a href="https://sks.to/crankyandroid" target="_blank"&gt;Android&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/crankyiphone" target="_blank"&gt;iOS&lt;/a&gt; and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/crankybrowser" target="_blank"&gt;browser&lt;/a&gt; - can be&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/crankyml" target="_blank"&gt;played in 16 languages&lt;/a&gt; and more are in the works. In addition to the game, the accompanying&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/crankyguide" target="_blank"&gt;Teachers' Guide&lt;/a&gt; has by now been translated into 6 languages.&lt;/p&gt;
  1426. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The FLICC poster&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1427. &lt;p&gt;Connection to Skeptical Science: the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FLICC-poster-collab" target="_blank"&gt;FLICC-poster is a collaboration&lt;/a&gt; between us and our German-language partner website &lt;a href="https://klimafakten.de" target="_blank"&gt;klimafakten.de&lt;/a&gt;. Right now, the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/flicc-poster" target="_blank"&gt;poster is available in 10 languages&lt;/a&gt; and most translations are created without direct involvement of translators active for our own content. How helpful these translations can be, became apparent in 2021 during the COVID-pandemic when &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/PLURV-getting-popular-in-Germany.html"&gt;#PLURV - the German #FLICC - became quite popular in Germany&lt;/a&gt; and the poster was circulated widely on social media. See also my &lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-collaborations.html#FLICC-Poster" target="_blank"&gt;blog post about our collaborations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1428. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Conspiracy Theory Handbook&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1429. &lt;p&gt;Connection to Skeptical Science: John Cook co-authored this handbook with Stephan Lewandwosky.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/conspiracy" target="_blank"&gt;The Conspiracy Theory Handbook&lt;/a&gt; was first published in 2020 and has been translated into 20 languages since then.&lt;/p&gt;
  1430. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Debunking Handbook 2020&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1431. &lt;p&gt;Connection to Skeptical Science: John Cook is one of the coordinating lead authors of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/debunk2020" target="_blank"&gt;The Debunking Handbook 2020&lt;/a&gt; which was first published in 2020 and has also been translated into 20 languages since then.&lt;/p&gt;
  1432. &lt;p&gt;We've seen in our statistics that the &lt;strong&gt;translated handbooks&lt;/strong&gt; get downloaded thousands of times each year, indicating that creating the translations is really worth the effort and helps to get important information into the hands of many people across the globe.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Review.html#Handbooks" target="_blank"&gt;Last year's review article&lt;/a&gt; of our activities has some numbers.&lt;/p&gt;
  1433. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide11.JPG" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU25-Translations-Slide11-570px.JPG" alt="Other translation projects" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1434. &lt;h3&gt;Challenge(s) and Outlook&lt;/h3&gt;
  1435. &lt;p&gt;The biggest challenge as far as translations of our own content goes is to make translation activities more sustainable in the long run. Ideally, we'd have one team per language to create new rebuttal translations and - equally important - update existing rebuttal translations where the original English version was updated since the translation was first created. In addition, we plan to add the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FLICC-sks" target="_blank"&gt;FLICC-fallacies&lt;/a&gt; as a new content type related to the rebuttals when we eventually re-launch our website. And while we already have some of these translated into a few other languages, there'll be a lot of texts which would really be "nice" to get translated as well!&lt;/p&gt;
  1436. &lt;p&gt;Perhaps, the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-collaborations.html#IUD" target="_blank"&gt;German translations created by a translator course at the University of Heidelberg&lt;/a&gt; could serve as a good example of how translations could turn into collaborative activities and a win:win situation for both the students and us? The students gained experience with tackling translations with varying complexity (short fact briefs vs. longer rebuttals) and specific topics (climate change and renewable energy myths) and we gained&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/gfb-de" target="_blank"&gt;20 "Kurze Faktenchecks"&lt;/a&gt; as well as &lt;a href="https://sks.to/sabin33-rebuttals-de" target="_blank"&gt;33 translated rebuttals&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1437. &lt;h3&gt;Interested in helping us to tackle these challenges?&lt;/h3&gt;
  1438. &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Is this something up your alley you&amp;rsquo;d like to help with? If your answer is 'Yes', then please let us know by filling out the short form below. I'll then be in touch to let you know about the next steps, depending on your preferences of where you'd like to get involved.&lt;/p&gt;
  1439. &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfaTknzcbVg5RFF4uteCK8CW0Y6QSNhkFbf_rmnJzlE_E7Qrg/viewform?embedded=true " width="570" height="800" frameborder="0"&gt;Loading…&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1440. &lt;p class="greenbox" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The full presentation in &lt;span id="skstip2" class="skstip advanced disabled"&gt;PDF&lt;/span&gt;-format (3MB) can be downloaded &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2025-EOS4.3-SkS-Translations.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  1441. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-translations.html</link>
  1442. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/egu25-presentation-about-translations.html</guid>
  1443. <pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2025 10:49:02 EST</pubDate>
  1444. </item>  <item>
  1445. <title>Fact brief - Is climate change a net benefit for society?</title>
  1446. <description>&lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-Banner-250px.jpg" alt="FactBrief" width="248" height="44" /&gt;Skeptical Science is partnering with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; to produce fact briefs &amp;mdash; bite-sized fact checks of trending claims. You can submit claims you think need checking via &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/tipline?org_id=1813" target="_blank"&gt;the tipline&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1447. &lt;h3&gt;Is climate change a net benefit for society?&lt;/h3&gt;
  1448. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-No-200px.jpg" alt="No" width="200" height="59" /&gt;Human-caused climate change has been a net detriment to society as measured by loss of life, economic harm and ecosystem damage.&lt;/p&gt;
  1449. &lt;p&gt;Between 2000 and 2019, climate change caused $2.86 trillion in damages from extreme weather like storms, floods, droughts, and wildfires. Nearly 61,000 net deaths were linked to climate change during this time.&lt;/p&gt;
  1450. &lt;p&gt;Ocean acidification from CO2 emissions has degraded coral reefs, which provide trillions of dollars in ecosystem services annually by sustaining fisheries and protecting coasts.&lt;/p&gt;
  1451. &lt;p&gt;Habitat loss from climate change has contributed to an extinction rate at least 100 times higher than pre-industrial times.&lt;/p&gt;
  1452. &lt;p&gt;And while some regions have seen short-term agricultural benefits like longer growing seasons, climate change has negatively impacted overall crop output; one study estimated global productivity is 20% lower than it would have been without climate change.&lt;/p&gt;
  1453. &lt;p&gt;As global temperatures continue to rise, these and other issues are projected to worsen.&lt;/p&gt;
  1454. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/impacts" target="_blank"&gt;Go to full rebuttal on Skeptical Science&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-briefs/is-climate-change-a-net-benefit-to-society/" target="_blank"&gt;to the fact brief on Gigafact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1455. &lt;hr /&gt;
  1456. &lt;p&gt;This fact brief is responsive to quotes such as &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTlYl8E_B14&amp;amp;ab_channel=PanteleAz" target="_blank"&gt;the one in this video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1457. &lt;hr /&gt;
  1458. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1459. &lt;p&gt;Nature &lt;a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41888-1" target="_blank"&gt;The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1460. &lt;p&gt;World Economic Forum &lt;a href="https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/10/climate-loss-and-damage-cost-16-million-per-hour/#:~:text=Flooding%20and%20drought%20each%20made,trillion%2C%20averaging%20$143%20billion%20annually" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour: study&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1461. &lt;p&gt;Energy &amp;amp; Climate Intelligence Unit &lt;a href="https://eciu.net/analysis/briefings/climate-impacts/climate-economics-costs-and-benefits#:~:text=Creative%20Commons%20licence-,The%20costs%20of%20climate%20change,are%20often%20omitted%20from%20projections" target="_blank"&gt;Climate economics - costs and benefits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1462. &lt;p&gt;WHO &lt;a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" target="_blank"&gt;Climate change&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1463. &lt;p&gt;NOAA &lt;a href="https://archive.is/1zLrw" target="_blank"&gt;Are there positive benefits from global warming?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1464. &lt;p&gt;NASA &lt;a href="https://archive.is/rcXzu" target="_blank"&gt;Vanishing Corals: NASA Data Helps Track Coral Reefs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1465. &lt;p&gt;MIT Science Policy Review &lt;a href="https://sciencepolicyreview.org/2020/08/coral-reefs-are-critical-for-our-food-supply-tourism-and-ocean-health-we-can-protect-them-from-climate-change/" target="_blank"&gt;Coral reefs are critical for our food supply, tourism, and ocean health. We can protect them from climate change&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1466. &lt;p&gt;Science Advances &lt;a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1400253" target="_blank"&gt;Accelerated modern human&amp;ndash;induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1467. &lt;p&gt;Cornell University Report: &lt;a href="https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2024/01/report-warmer-planet-will-trigger-increased-farm-losses#:~:text=%E2%80%9CGlobally%2C%20we've%20found,been%20without%20anthropogenic%20climate%20change.%E2%80%9D" target="_blank"&gt;Warmer planet will trigger increased farm losses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  1468. &lt;!--more--&gt;
  1469. &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About fact briefs published on Gigafact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fact briefs are short, credibly sourced summaries that offer &amp;ldquo;yes/no&amp;rdquo; answers in response to claims found online. They rely on publicly available, often primary source data and documents. Fact briefs are created by contributors to &lt;a rel="noreferrer" href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; a nonprofit project looking to expand participation in fact-checking and protect the democratic process. &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;See all of our published fact briefs here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  1470. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-brief-quiz/skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Quiz-Image-570px.jpg" alt="Gigafact Quiz" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  1471. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-impacts.html</link>
  1472. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-impacts.html</guid>
  1473. <pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 10:02:40 EST</pubDate>
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