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  23. <title>NASA Remembers Former Johnson Director Jefferson Howell</title>
  24. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-remembers-former-johnson-director-jefferson-howell/</link>
  26. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Wendy K. Avedisian]]></dc:creator>
  27. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 21:11:48 +0000</pubDate>
  28. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
  29. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Leadership]]></category>
  30. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884342</guid>
  31.  
  32. <description><![CDATA[July 3, 2025 Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr., former director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, died July 2, in Bee Cave, Texas. He was 85 years old. Howell was a champion of the construction of the International Space Station, working on a deadline to complete the orbiting lab by 2004. He oversaw four space [&#8230;]]]></description>
  33. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1728" height="1152" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?w=1728" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="NASA Director Howell giving a speech" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 48% 26%; object-position: 48% 26%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg 1728w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Former Johnson Director Jefferson Howell</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  34.  
  35.  
  36. <p>July 3, 2025</p>
  37.  
  38.  
  39.  
  40. <p>Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr., former director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, died July 2, in Bee Cave, Texas. He was 85 years old.</p>
  41.  
  42.  
  43.  
  44. <p>Howell was a champion of the construction of the International Space Station, working on a deadline to complete the orbiting lab by 2004. He oversaw four space shuttle crews delivering equipment and hardware to reach that goal. He also served as director during a pivotal moment for the agency: the loss of STS-107 and the crew of space shuttle Columbia. He made it his personal responsibility to meet with the families, look after them, and attend memorial services, all while keeping the families informed of the accident investigation as it unfolded.</p>
  45.  
  46.  
  47.  
  48. <p>“Gen. Howell led NASA Johnson through one of the most difficult chapters in our history, following the loss of Columbia and her crew,” said acting associate administrator Vanessa Wyche. “He brought strength and steady direction, guiding the workforce with clarity and compassion. He cared deeply for the people behind the mission and shared his leadership skills generously with the team. We extend our heartfelt condolences to his family and all who knew and loved him.”</p>
  49.  
  50.  
  51.  
  52. <p>At the time of his selection as director, he was serving as senior vice president with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) as the program manager for the safety, reliability, and quality assurance contract at Johnson. Following the accident, he made it his mission to improve the relationship between the civil servant and contractor workforce. He left his position and the agency, in October 2005, shortly after the Return-to-Flight mission of STS-114.</p>
  53.  
  54.  
  55.  
  56. <p>“General Howell stepped into leadership at Johnson during a pivotal time, as the International Space Station was just beginning to take shape. He led and supported NASA’s successes not only in space but here on the ground — helping to strengthen the center’s culture and offering guidance through both triumph and tragedy,” said Steve Koerner, Johnson Space Center’s acting director. “On behalf of NASA’s Johnson Space Center, we offer our deepest sympathies to his family, friends, and all those who had the privilege of working alongside him. The impact of his legacy will continue to shape Johnson for decades to come.”</p>
  57.  
  58.  
  59.  
  60. <p>The Victoria, Texas, native was a retired lieutenant general in the U.S. Marine Corps with a decorated military career prior to his service at NASA. He flew more than 300 combat missions in Vietnam and Thailand.</p>
  61.  
  62.  
  63.  
  64. <p>Howell is survived by his wife Janel and two children. A tree dedication will be held at NASA Johnson’s memorial grove in the coming year.</p>
  65.  
  66.  
  67.  
  68. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  69.  
  70.  
  71.  
  72. <p>Chelsey Ballarte</p>
  73.  
  74.  
  75.  
  76. <p>Johnson Space Center, Houston</p>
  77.  
  78.  
  79.  
  80. <p>281-483-5111</p>
  81.  
  82.  
  83.  
  84. <p><a href="mailto:chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov">chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov</a></p>
  85. ]]></content:encoded>
  89. </item>
  90. <item>
  91. <title>NASA Mission Monitoring Air Quality from Space Extended </title>
  92. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/missions/tempo/nasa-mission-monitoring-air-quality-from-space-extended/</link>
  94. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Charles G. Hatfield]]></dc:creator>
  95. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 20:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
  96. <category><![CDATA[Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)]]></category>
  97. <category><![CDATA[Earth]]></category>
  98. <category><![CDATA[Earth Science]]></category>
  99. <category><![CDATA[Earth Science Division]]></category>
  100. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
  101. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
  102. <category><![CDATA[Missions]]></category>
  103. <category><![CDATA[Science Mission Directorate]]></category>
  104. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=884165</guid>
  105.  
  106. <description><![CDATA[Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended [&#8230;]]]></description>
  107. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">4 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
  108.  
  109.  
  110. <p>Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended through at least September 2026. The TEMPO mission is NASA’s first to use a spectrometer to gather hourly air quality data continuously over North America during daytime hours. It can see details down to just a few square miles, a significant advancement over previous satellites.</p>
  111.  
  112.  
  113.  
  114. <p>“NASA satellites have a long history of missions lasting well beyond the primary mission timeline. While TEMPO has completed its primary mission, the life for TEMPO is far from over,” said Laura Judd, research physical scientist and TEMPO science team member at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “It is a big jump going from once-daily images prior to this mission to hourly data. We are continually learning how to use this data to interpret how emissions change over time and how to track anomalous events, such as smoggy days in cities or the transport of wildfire smoke.”&nbsp;</p>
  115.  
  116.  
  117. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO_Houston_08022024" id="nasa-plus-4mHZt" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO_Houston_08022024"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
  118. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>By measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO), TEMPO can derive the presence of near-surface ozone. On Aug. 2, 2024 over Houston, TEMPO observed exceptionally high ozone levels in the area. On the left, NO2 builds up in the atmosphere over the city and over the Houston Ship Channel.  On the right, formaldehyde levels are seen reaching a peak in the early afternoon. Formaldehyde is largely formed through the oxidation of hydrocarbons, an ingredient of ozone production, such as those that can be emitted by petrochemical facilities found in the Houston Ship Channel.  </div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
  119.  
  120.  
  121. <p>When air quality is altered by smog, wildfire smoke, dust, or emissions from vehicle traffic and power plants, TEMPO detects the trace gases that come with those effects. These include nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere.</p>
  122.  
  123.  
  124.  
  125. <p>“A major breakthrough during the primary mission has been the successful test of data delivery in under three hours with the help of NASA’s <a href="https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/about/nasa-support-snwg" rel="noopener">Satellite Needs Working Group</a>. This information empowers decision-makers and first responders to issue timely air quality warnings and help the public reduce outdoor exposure during times of higher pollution,” said Hazem Mahmoud, lead data scientist at <a href="https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/" data-type="link" data-id="https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Atmospheric Science Data Center</a> located at Langley Research Center.</p>
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  128. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
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  130. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  131. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  132. </div>
  133. <div class="blockquote-content">
  134. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  135. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">&#8230;the substantial demand for TEMPO&#039;s data underscores its critical role&#8230;</span></h2>
  136. </div>
  137. <div class="display-flex">
  138. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="hazem mahmoud" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=200,200 200w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
  139. <div class="grid-col-11">
  140. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">hazem mahmoud</p>
  141. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">NASA Data Scientist</p>
  142. </div>
  143. </div>
  144. </div>
  145. </div>
  146. </div></div>
  147.  
  148.  
  149. <p>TEMPO data is archived and distributed freely through the Atmospheric Science Data Center. “The TEMPO mission has set a groundbreaking record as the first mission to surpass two petabytes, or 2 million gigabytes, of data downloads within a single year,” said Mahmoud. “With over 800 unique users, the substantial demand for TEMPO&#8217;s data underscores its critical role and the immense value it provides to the scientific community and beyond.” Air quality forecasters, atmospheric scientists, and health researchers make up the bulk of the data users so far.</p>
  150.  
  151.  
  152. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO Dust Data 04142025" id="nasa-plus-RZ6fw" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO Dust Data 04142025"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-dust-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
  153. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>On April 14,  strong winds triggered the formation of a huge dust storm in the U.S. central plains and fueled the ignition of grassland fires in Oklahoma. On the left, the NO2 plumes originating from the grassland fires are tracked hour-by-hour by TEMPO. Smoke can be discerned from dust as a source since dust is not a source of NO2. The animation on the right shows the ultraviolet (UV) aerosol index, which indicates particulates in the atmosphere that absorb UV light, such as dust and smoke. </div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
  154.  
  155.  
  156. <p>The TEMPO mission is a collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, whose Center for Astrophysics Harvard &amp; Smithsonian&nbsp;oversees daily operations of the TEMPO instrument and produces data products through its Instrument Operations Center.</p>
  157.  
  158.  
  159.  
  160. <p>Datasets from TEMPO will be expanded through collaborations with partner agencies like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which is deriving aerosol products that can distinguish between smoke and dust particles and offer insights into their altitude and concentration.</p>
  161.  
  162.  
  163. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO Soil Data 05052025" id="nasa-plus-tgcf8" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO Soil Data 05052025"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-soil-emission-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
  164. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>On May 5, TEMPO measured NO2 emissions over the Twin Cities in the center of Minnesota during morning rush hour. The NO2 increases seen mid-day through the early evening hours are illustrated by the red and black shaded areas at the Red River Valley along the North Dakota state line. These levels are driven by emissions from the soils in agriculturally rich areas. Agricultural soil emissions are influenced by environmental factors like temperature and moisture as well as fertilizer application. Small fires and enhancements from mining activities can also be seen popping up across the region through the afternoon.</div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
  165.  
  166.  
  167. <p>“These datasets are being used to inform the public of rush-hour pollution, air quality alerts, and the movement of smoke from forest fires,” said Xiong Liu, TEMPO’s principal investigator at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard &amp; Smithsonian. &#8220;The library will soon grow with the important addition of aerosol products. Users will be able to use these expanded TEMPO products for air quality monitoring, improving forecast models, deriving pollutant amounts in emissions and many other science applications.”</p>
  168.  
  169.  
  170. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1538" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A map of North America shows several wide swaths of purple illustrating smoke in the atmosphere as measured by NASA&#039;s TEMPO instrument during wildfires in Manitoba from June 2, 2025." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 42% 49%; object-position: 42% 49%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=300,240 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=768,615 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1024,820 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1536,1230 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=400,320 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=600,481 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=900,721 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1200,961 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The TEMPO mission detects and highlights movement of smoke originating from fires burning in Manitoba on June 2. Seen in purple hues are observations made by TEMPO in the ultraviolet spectrum compared to Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) on NOAA&#8217;s GOES-R series of weather satellites that do not have the needed spectral coverage. The NOAA GOES-R data paired with NASA’s TEMPO data enhance state and local agencies’ ability to provide near-real-time smoke and dust impacts in local air quality forecasts.</div><div class="hds-credits">NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  171.  
  172.  
  173. <p>“The TEMPO data validation has truly been a community effort with over 20 agencies at the federal and international level, as well as a community of over 200 scientists at research and academic institutions,” Judd added. “I look forward to seeing how TEMPO data will help close knowledge gaps about the timing, sources, and evolution of air pollution from this unprecedented space-based view.”</p>
  174.  
  175.  
  176.  
  177. <p>An agency review will take place in the fall to assess TEMPO’s achievements and extended mission goals and identify lessons learned that can be applied to future missions.</p>
  178.  
  179.  
  180.  
  181. <p>The TEMPO mission is part of NASA’s Earth Venture Instrument program, which includes small, targeted science investigations designed to complement NASA’s larger research missions. The instrument also forms part of a virtual constellation of air quality monitors for the Northern Hemisphere which includes South Korea’s Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer and ESA’s (European Space Agency) Sentinel-4 satellite. TEMPO was built by BAE Systems Inc., Space &amp; Mission Systems (formerly Ball Aerospace). It flies onboard the Intelsat 40e satellite built by Maxar Technologies. The TEMPO Instrument Operations Center and the Science Data Processing Center are operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &amp; Smithsonian in Cambridge.</p>
  182.  
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  184.  
  185. <p></p>
  186.  
  187.  
  188.  
  189. <p></p>
  190.  
  191.  
  192.  
  193. <p>For more information about the TEMPO instrument and mission, visit: </p>
  194.  
  195.  
  196.  
  197. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tempo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tempo/</a></p>
  198.  
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  200.  
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  202.  
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  204. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1e8ed9f381d5cc1db945c77c9e1f6cd4?s=300&#038;d=blank&#038;r=g" alt="Charles G. Hatfield"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Charles G. Hatfield</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Science Public Affairs Officer, NASA Langley Research Center</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0"></p></div></div></div>
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  341. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  342. <span>Missions</span>
  343. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  344. </p>
  345. </div>
  346. </div>
  347. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  348. </a>
  349. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  350. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  351. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  352. <div>
  353. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  354. <span>Humans in Space</span>
  355. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  356. </p>
  357. </div>
  358. </div>
  359. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  360. </a>
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  363. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  364. <div>
  365. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  366. <span>Climate Change</span>
  367. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  368. </p>
  369. </div>
  370. </div>
  371. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  372. </a>
  373. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  374. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  375. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  376. <div>
  377. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  378. <span>Solar System</span>
  379. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  380. </p>
  381. </div>
  382. </div>
  383. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  384. </a>
  385. </div>
  386. </div>
  387. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  391. <media:content url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" medium="video" width="3840" height="2160">
  392. <media:player url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" />
  393. <media:title type="plain">NASA Mission Monitoring Air Quality from Space Extended  - NASA</media:title>
  394. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended through at least September 2026. The TEMPO mission is NASA’s first to use a spectrometer to gather hourly air quality data continuously over North America during daytime hours. It can see details down to just a few square miles, a significant advancement over previous satellites.]]></media:description>
  395. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png" />
  396. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
  397. </media:content>
  398. </item>
  399. <item>
  400. <title>Hubble Observations Give “Missing” Globular Cluster Time to Shine</title>
  401. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine/</link>
  403. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  404. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 20:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
  405. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
  406. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics Division]]></category>
  407. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes]]></category>
  408. <category><![CDATA[Globular Clusters]]></category>
  409. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
  410. <category><![CDATA[Hubble Space Telescope]]></category>
  411. <category><![CDATA[Star Clusters]]></category>
  412. <category><![CDATA[Stars]]></category>
  413. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine/</guid>
  414.  
  415. <description><![CDATA[A previously unexplored globular cluster glitters with multicolored stars in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image. Globular clusters like this one, called ESO 591-12 or Palomar 8, are spherical collections of tens of thousands to millions of stars tightly bound together by gravity. Globular clusters generally form early in the galaxies’ histories in regions rich […]]]></description>
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  512. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
  513. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Hubble Observations Give “Missing” Globular Cluster Time to Shine</h1>
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  520. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="4044" height="3722" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Bright stars cluster against a black background. The stars are more densely concentrated in the center of the image. The stars appear mostly white, but bright red and blue stars are also visible sprinkled throughout the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4044w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=300&#038;h=276&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=768&#038;h=707&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=942&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1414&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1885&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=400&#038;h=368&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=600&#038;h=552&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=900&#038;h=828&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1104&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1841&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4044px) 100vw, 4044px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  521. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features a dense and dazzling array of blazing stars that form globular cluster ESO 591-12.</div>
  522. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and D. Massari (INAF — Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
  523. </figcaption></div>
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  528. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Download this image</span><br />
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  531. <p>A previously unexplored globular cluster glitters with multicolored stars in this NASA <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a> image. Globular clusters like this one, called ESO 591-12 or Palomar 8, are spherical collections of tens of thousands to millions of stars tightly bound together by gravity. Globular clusters generally form early in the galaxies’ histories in regions rich in gas and dust. Since the stars form from the same cloud of gas as it collapses, they typically hover around the same age. Strewn across this image of ESO 591-12 are a number of red and blue stars. The colors indicate their temperatures; red stars are cooler, while the blue stars are hotter.</p>
  532. <p>Hubble captured the data used to create this image of ESO 591-12 as part of a study intended to resolve individual stars of the entire globular cluster system of the Milky Way. Hubble revolutionized the study of globular clusters since earthbound telescopes are unable to distinguish individual stars in the compact clusters. The study is part of the Hubble Missing Globular Clusters Survey, which targets 34 confirmed Milky Way globular clusters that Hubble has yet to observe.</p>
  533. <p>The program aims to provide complete observations of ages and distances for all of the Milky Way’s globular clusters and investigate fundamental properties of still-unexplored clusters in the galactic bulge or halo. The observations will provide key information on the early stages of our galaxy, when globular clusters formed.</p>
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  610. </p></div>
  611. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  612. <div class="grid-col-4">
  613. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
  614. </div>
  615. <div class="grid-col-8">Andrea Gianopoulos</div>
  616. </div>
  617. <div class="grid-row">
  618. <div class="grid-col-4">
  619. <div class="subheading">Location</div>
  620. </div>
  621. <div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</span></a></div>
  622. </div></div>
  623. </p></div>
  624. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  625. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
  626. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  627. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  628. </div>
  629. <ul class="article-tags">
  630. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
  631. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
  632. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics Division</a></li>
  633. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/galaxies-stars-black-holes/" rel="noopener">Galaxies, Stars, &#038; Black Holes</a></li>
  634. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/globular-clusters/" rel="noopener">Globular Clusters</a></li>
  635. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
  636. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/" rel="noopener">Star Clusters</a></li>
  637. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" rel="noopener">Stars</a></li>
  638. </ul>
  639. </div>
  640. </div></div>
  641. </section></div>
  642. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  643. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  644. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  645. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  646. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  647. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From Hubble</h2>
  648. </p></div>
  649. </p></div>
  650. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  651. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  652. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  653. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  654. <div>
  655. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  656. <span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><br />
  657. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  658. </h3>
  659. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.</p>
  660. </p></div>
  661. </p></div>
  662. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1512" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?w=1512" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg 4031w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=295,300 295w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=768,780 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1008,1024 1008w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1512,1536 1512w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=2016,2048 2016w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=394,400 394w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=591,600 591w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=886,900 886w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1181,1200 1181w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1969,2000 1969w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px" /></figure>
  663. </p></div>
  664. <p> </a><br />
  665. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/hubbles-cosmic-adventure/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  666. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  667. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  668. <div>
  669. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  670. <span>Hubble’s Cosmic Adventure</span><br />
  671. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  672. </p>
  673. </p></div>
  674. </p></div>
  675. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1420" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg 4012w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=300,277 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=768,710 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1024,947 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1536,1420 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2048,1893 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=400,370 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=600,555 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=900,832 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1200,1109 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2000,1849 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  676. </p></div>
  677. <p> </a><br />
  678. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubbles-night-sky-challenge/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  679. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  680. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  681. <div>
  682. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  683. <span>Hubble’s Night Sky Challenge</span><br />
  684. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  685. </p>
  686. </p></div>
  687. </p></div>
  688. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="375" height="350" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=300&#038;h=280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px" /></figure>
  689. </p></div>
  690. <p> </a><br />
  691. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/hubbles-35th-anniversary/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  692. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  693. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  694. <div>
  695. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  696. <span>Hubble’s 35th Anniversary</span><br />
  697. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  698. </p>
  699. </p></div>
  700. </p></div>
  701. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg 6774w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  702. </p></div>
  703. <p> </a>
  704. </div>
  705. </p></div>
  706. </p></div>
  707. ]]></content:encoded>
  711. </item>
  712. <item>
  713. <title>NASA Advances Pressure Sensitive Paint Research Capability</title>
  714. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/pressure-sensitive-paint-2025/</link>
  716. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jim Banke]]></dc:creator>
  717. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 18:59:23 +0000</pubDate>
  718. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics]]></category>
  719. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate]]></category>
  720. <category><![CDATA[Aerosciences Evaluation Test Capabilities]]></category>
  721. <category><![CDATA[Ames Research Center]]></category>
  722. <category><![CDATA[Flight Innovation]]></category>
  723. <category><![CDATA[Glenn Research Center]]></category>
  724. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
  725. <category><![CDATA[Transformational Tools Technologies]]></category>
  726. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=883466</guid>
  727.  
  728. <description><![CDATA[Many of us grew up using paint-by-number sets to create beautiful color pictures. For years now, NASA engineers studying aircraft and rocket designs in wind tunnels have flipped that childhood pastime, using computers to generate images from “numbers-by-paint” – pressure sensitive paint (PSP), that is. Now, advances in the use of high-speed cameras, supercomputers, and [&#8230;]]]></description>
  729. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
  730.  
  731. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1119" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A model of a blended wing aircraft glows pink inside a wind tunnel." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg 5830w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=300,164 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=768,420 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1024,560 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1536,839 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=2048,1119 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=400,219 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=600,328 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=900,492 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1200,656 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=2000,1093 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The Swept Wing Flow Test model, known as SWiFT, with pressure sensitive paint applied, sports a pink glow under ultraviolet lights while tested during 2023 in a NASA wind tunnel at Langley Research Center in Virginia.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dave Bowman</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  732.  
  733.  
  734. <p>Many of us grew up using paint-by-number sets to create beautiful color pictures.</p>
  735.  
  736.  
  737.  
  738. <p>For years now, NASA engineers studying aircraft and rocket designs in wind tunnels have flipped that childhood pastime, using computers to generate images from “numbers-by-paint” – pressure sensitive paint (PSP), that is.</p>
  739.  
  740.  
  741.  
  742. <p>Now, advances in the use of high-speed cameras, supercomputers, and even more sensitive PSP have made this numbers-by-paint process 10,000 times faster while creating engineering visuals with 1,000 times higher resolution.</p>
  743.  
  744.  
  745.  
  746. <p>So, what’s the big difference exactly between the<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/power-of-pink-provides-nasa-with-pressure-pictures/" data-type="post" data-id="38128"> “old” capability in use at NASA for more than a decade </a>and the “new?”</p>
  747.  
  748.  
  749.  
  750. <p>“The key is found by adding a single word in front of PSP, namely ‘unsteady’ pressure sensitive paint, or uPSP,” said E. Lara Lash, an aerospace engineer from NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/" data-type="topic" data-id="122533">Ames Research Center </a>in California’s Silicon Valley.</p>
  751.  
  752.  
  753.  
  754. <p>With PSP, NASA researchers study the large-scale effects of relatively smooth air flowing over the wings and body of aircraft. Now with uPSP, they are able to see in finer detail what happens when more turbulent air is present – faster and better than ever before.</p>
  755.  
  756.  
  757.  
  758. <p>In some cases with the new capability, researchers can get their hands on the wind tunnel data they’re looking for within 20 minutes. That’s quick enough to allow engineers to adjust their testing in real time.</p>
  759.  
  760.  
  761.  
  762. <p>Usually, researchers record wind tunnel data and then take it back to their labs to decipher days or weeks later. If they find they need more data, it can take additional weeks or even months to wait in line for another turn in the wind tunnel.</p>
  763.  
  764.  
  765.  
  766. <p>“The result of these improvements provides a data product that is immediately useful to aerodynamic engineers, structural engineers, or engineers from other disciplines,” Lash said.</p>
  767.  
  768.  
  769.  
  770. <p>Robert Pearce, NASA’s associate administrator for aeronautics, who recently saw a demonstration of uPSP-generated data displayed at Ames, hailed the new tool as a national asset that will be available to researchers all over the country.</p>
  771.  
  772.  
  773.  
  774. <p>“It’s a unique NASA innovation that isn’t offered anywhere else,” Pearce said. “It will help us maintain NASA’s world leadership in wind tunnel capabilities.”</p>
  775.  
  776.  
  777. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1345" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A technician sprays pressure sensitive paint onto a small model of the Space Launch System rocket." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg 2439w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=300,197 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=768,504 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1024,673 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1536,1009 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=2048,1345 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=400,263 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=600,394 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=900,591 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1200,788 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=2000,1314 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A technician sprays unsteady pressure sensitive paint onto the surface of a small model of the Space Launch System in preparation for testing in a NASA wind tunnel.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dave Bowman</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  778.  
  779.  
  780. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How it Works</strong></h3>
  781.  
  782.  
  783.  
  784. <p>With both PSP and uPSP, a unique paint is applied to scale models of aircraft or rockets, which are mounted in wind tunnels equipped with specific types of lights and cameras.</p>
  785.  
  786.  
  787.  
  788. <p>When illuminated during tests, the paint’s color brightness changes depending on the levels of pressure the model experiences as currents of air rush by. Darker shades mean higher pressure; lighter shades mean lower pressure.</p>
  789.  
  790.  
  791.  
  792. <p>Cameras capture the brightness intensity and a supercomputer turns that information into a set of numbers representing pressure values, which are made available to engineers to study and glean what truths they can about the vehicle design’s structural integrity.</p>
  793.  
  794.  
  795.  
  796. <p>“Aerodynamic forces can vibrate different parts of the vehicle to different degrees,” Lash said. “Vibrations could damage what the vehicle is carrying or can even lead to the vehicle tearing itself apart. The data we get through this process can help us prevent that.”</p>
  797.  
  798.  
  799.  
  800. <p>Traditionally, pressure readings are taken using sensors connected to little plastic tubes strung through a model’s interior and poking up through small holes in key places, such as along the surface of a wing or the fuselage.&nbsp;</p>
  801.  
  802.  
  803.  
  804. <p>Each point provides a single pressure reading. Engineers must use mathematical models to estimate the pressure values between the individual sensors.</p>
  805.  
  806.  
  807.  
  808. <p>With PSP, there is no need to estimate the numbers. Because the paint covers the entire model, its brightness as seen by the cameras reveals the pressure values over the whole surface.</p>
  809.  
  810.  
  811. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1317" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A rocket glows pink from the use of Pressure Sensitive Paint inside a NASA wind tunnel." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 59% 20%; object-position: 59% 20%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=768,494 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1024,658 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1536,988 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=2048,1317 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=400,257 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=600,386 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=900,579 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1200,772 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=2000,1286 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A four-percent scale model of the Space Launch System rocket is tested in 2017 using unsteady Pressure Sensitive Paint inside the 11-foot by 11-foot Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA&#8217;s Ames Research Center in California.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dominic Hart</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  812.  
  813.  
  814. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Making it Better</strong></h3>
  815.  
  816.  
  817.  
  818. <p>The introduction, testing, and availability of uPSP is the result of a successful five-year-long effort, begun in 2019, in which researchers challenged themselves to significantly improve the PSP’s capability with its associated cameras and computers.</p>
  819.  
  820.  
  821.  
  822. <p>The NASA team’s desire was to develop and demonstrate a better process of acquiring, processing, and visualizing data using a properly equipped wind tunnel and supercomputer, then make the tool available at NASA wind tunnels across the country.</p>
  823.  
  824.  
  825.  
  826. <p>The focus during a capability challenge was on NASA’s<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel/ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel-11-by-11-foot-twt-test-section/" data-type="topic" data-id="175950"> Unitary Plan Facility</a>’s 11-foot transonic wind tunnel, which the team connected to the nearby NASA <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/core-area-of-expertise-supercomputing/" data-type="topic" data-id="349035">Advanced Supercomputing Facility</a>, both located at Ames.</p>
  827.  
  828.  
  829.  
  830. <p>Inside the wind tunnel, a scale model of NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/space-launch-system/" data-type="category" data-id="3784">Space Launch System</a> rocket served as the primary test subject during the challenge period.</p>
  831.  
  832.  
  833.  
  834. <p>Now that the agency has completed its <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-i/" data-type="category" data-id="2917">Artemis I </a>uncrewed lunar flight test mission, researchers can match the flight-recorded data with the wind tunnel data to see how well reality and predictions compare.</p>
  835.  
  836.  
  837.  
  838. <p>With the capability challenge officially completed at the end of 2024, the uPSP team is planning to deploy it to other wind tunnels and engage with potential users with interests in aeronautics or spaceflight.</p>
  839.  
  840.  
  841.  
  842. <p>“This is a NASA capability that we have, not only for use within the agency, but one that we can offer industry, academia, and other government agencies to come in and do research using these new tools,” Lash said. </p>
  843.  
  844.  
  845.  
  846. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aetc/" data-type="topic" data-id="203236">Aerosciences Evaluation and Test Capabilities </a>portfolio office, an organization managed under the agency’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/" data-type="topic" data-id="161884">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a>, oversaw the development of the uPSP capability.</p>
  847.  
  848.  
  849.  
  850. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch this uPSP Video</h3>
  851.  
  852.  
  853.  
  854. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  855. <iframe loading="lazy" title="The Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint System" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  856. </div></figure>
  857.  
  858.  
  859. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/cropped-banke-press-300x300.jpg" alt="Jim Banke"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Jim Banke</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Managing Editor/Senior Writer</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0">Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics&#039; Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on the NASA website.</p></div></div></div>
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  887. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
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  899. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
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  916. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg 4000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=300,139 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=768,355 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1024,473 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1536,710 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=2048,946 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=400,185 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=600,277 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=900,416 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1200,554 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=2000,924 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
  917. </div>
  918. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  919. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div>
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  924. <span>Article</span>
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  926. <span class="">
  927. 1 week ago </span>
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  929. </div>
  930. </a>
  931. </div>
  932. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
  933. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/armstrong/nasa-intern-took-career-from-car-engines-to-cockpits/" class="color-carbon-black">
  934. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  935. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
  936. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="287" height="300" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?w=287" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg 1279w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=287,300 287w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=768,803 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=979,1024 979w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=382,400 382w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=574,600 574w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=860,900 860w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=1147,1200 1147w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px" /></figure> </div>
  937. </div>
  938. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  939. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
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  944. <span>Article</span>
  945. </span>
  946. <span class="">
  947. 2 weeks ago </span>
  948. </div>
  949. </div>
  950. </a>
  951. </div>
  952. </div>
  953. </section>
  954. </div>
  955.  
  956. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  957. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  958. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  959. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  960. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  961. </div>
  962. </div>
  963. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  964. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  965. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  966. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  967. <div>
  968. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  969. <span>Missions</span>
  970. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  971. </p>
  972. </div>
  973. </div>
  974. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1405" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png 1987w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=300,274 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=768,702 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1024,936 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1536,1405 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=400,366 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=600,549 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=900,823 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1200,1097 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  975. </a>
  976. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  977. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  978. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  979. <div>
  980. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  981. <span>Artemis</span>
  982. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  983. </p>
  984. </div>
  985. </div>
  986. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
  987. </a>
  988. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aeronautics-stem/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  989. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  990. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  991. <div>
  992. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  993. <span>Aeronautics STEM</span>
  994. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  995. </p>
  996. </div>
  997. </div>
  998. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="610" height="930" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?w=610" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg 610w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></figure> </div>
  999. </a>
  1000. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/explore-nasas-history/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1001. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1002. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1003. <div>
  1004. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1005. <span>Explore NASA&#8217;s History</span>
  1006. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1007. </p>
  1008. </div>
  1009. </div>
  1010. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1919" height="1878" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&amp;h=1878&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1919w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=294&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=752&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=1002&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1503&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=50&amp;h=49&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=391&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=587&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=881&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/as17-134-20476/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=1174&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px" /></figure> </div>
  1011. </a>
  1012. </div>
  1013. </div>
  1014. </div>
  1015.  
  1016. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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  1048. </div>
  1049. </div>
  1050. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1051. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
  1052. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1053. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  1054. </div>
  1055. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  1056. <div class="grid-col-4">
  1057. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  1058. </div>
  1059. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 03, 2025</div>
  1060. </div>
  1061. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jim Banke</div></div><div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Contact</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><div class="margin-bottom-3"><div>Jim Banke</div><div><a href="mailto:j&#105;m.ban&#107;e&#64;n&#97;&#115;&#97;&#46;gov">&#106;&#105;&#109;.ba&#110;&#107;&#101;&#64;na&#115;&#97;.&#103;o&#118;</a></div></div></div></div> </div>
  1062. </div>
  1063. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/">Aeronautics</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aetc/">Aerosciences Evaluation Test Capabilities</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/">Ames Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/flight-innovation/">Flight Innovation</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/glenn/">Glenn Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/langley-research-center/">Langley Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/tacp/ttt/">Transformational Tools Technologies</a></li></ul></div></div>
  1064. </div>
  1065. </section>
  1066. </div>
  1067.  
  1068.  
  1069. <p></p>
  1070. ]]></content:encoded>
  1074. <media:content url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM" medium="video" width="1280" height="720">
  1075. <media:player url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM" />
  1076. <media:title type="plain">The Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint System</media:title>
  1077. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[In the future, the complete picture of air flow will need to be accurately measured in detail, so vehicle designs can minimize the effects of unsteady air.  ...]]></media:description>
  1078. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg" />
  1079. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
  1080. </media:content>
  1081. </item>
  1082. <item>
  1083. <title>Old Glory on the Red Planet</title>
  1084. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/old-glory-on-the-red-planet/</link>
  1086. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
  1087. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 17:07:48 +0000</pubDate>
  1088. <category><![CDATA[Perseverance (Rover)]]></category>
  1089. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883936</guid>
  1090.  
  1091. <description><![CDATA[The United States flag adorns an aluminum plate mounted at the base of the mast, or “head,” of NASA&#8217;s Perseverance Mars rover. This image of the plate was taken on June 28, 2025 (the 1,548th day, or sol, of the mission), by the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera on the [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1092. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2008" height="2035" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?w=2008" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A small metal American flag attached to the Mars Perceverance rover&#039;s mast. The mast is white with silver metal pieces attached to it. There is red dust all over the mast. The image appears in a vignette that looks like a rectangle rotated diagonally; the rest of the image is dark." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg 2008w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=296,300 296w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=768,778 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1010,1024 1010w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1516,1536 1516w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=395,400 395w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=592,600 592w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=888,900 888w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1184,1200 1184w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1973,2000 1973w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2008px) 100vw, 2008px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1093.  
  1094.  
  1095. <p>The United States flag adorns an aluminum plate mounted at the base of the mast, or “head,” of NASA&#8217;s Perseverance Mars rover. <a href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26579" rel="noopener">This image of the plate</a> was taken on June 28, 2025 (the 1,548th day, or sol, of the mission), by the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera on the end of the rover&#8217;s robotic arm.</p>
  1096.  
  1097.  
  1098.  
  1099. <p>WATSON, part of an instrument called SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman &amp; Luminescence for Organics &amp; Chemicals), was built by Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego and is operated jointly by MSSS and NASA&#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. JPL, which is managed for the agency by Caltech, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.</p>
  1100.  
  1101.  
  1102.  
  1103. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-perseverance/perseverance-rover/nasas-perseverance-rover-scours-mars-for-science/">Learn more about Perseverance’s latest science.</a></p>
  1104. ]]></content:encoded>
  1108. </item>
  1109. <item>
  1110. <title>Discovery Alert: Scientists Spot a Planetary Carousel</title>
  1111. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-scientists-spot-a-planetary-carousel/</link>
  1113. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1114. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 16:17:47 +0000</pubDate>
  1115. <category><![CDATA[Exoplanets]]></category>
  1116. <category><![CDATA[Gas Giant Exoplanets]]></category>
  1117. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-scientists-spot-a-planetary-carousel/</guid>
  1118.  
  1119. <description><![CDATA[The Planets KOI-134 b and KOI-134 c  The Discovery A new investigation into old Kepler data has revealed that a planetary system once thought to house zero planets actually has two planets which orbit their star in a unique style, like an old-fashioned merry-go-round.  Key Facts The KOI-134 system contains two planets which orbit their […]]]></description>
  1120. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1121. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1122. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1123. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><video class="hds-video-background " alt="In the center of this artist's concept animation is a star against the backdrop of space. Around it orbit two planets, one with blue trailing behind it indicating its orbital path, and the other with a green trail behind it indicating its orbital path. While one planet seems to orbit flatly across the star in front of it, making a transit, the other planet's orbit is tilted and it doesn't cross the star's face." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" autoplay="true" loop muted="true" playsinline="true"><source src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/250603_KOI_Anim_v1.mp4" type="video/mp4" /></video></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1124. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This artist’s concept animation shows the orbital dynamics of KOI-134 system which, in 2025, a paper revealed to have two planets: KOI-134 b and KOI-134 c.</div>
  1125. <div class="hds-credits"><strong>NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)</strong></div>
  1126. </figcaption></div>
  1127. </div>
  1128. </div>
  1129. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Planets</strong></h2>
  1130. <p>KOI-134 b and KOI-134 c </p>
  1131. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1132. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1133. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1134. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="This artist's concept shows a star in the upper right-hand corner, a large planet across screen on the left side with a blue trail indicating its orbital path behind it and a smaller planet is seen on the lower right-hand side with a green trail behind it indicating its orbital path." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v3.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1135. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This artist’s concept shows the KOI-134 system which, in 2025, a paper revealed to have two planets: KOI-134 b and KOI-134 c.</div>
  1136. <div class="hds-credits"><strong>NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)</strong></div>
  1137. </figcaption></div>
  1138. </div>
  1139. </div>
  1140. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Discovery</strong></h2>
  1141. <p>A new investigation into old Kepler data has revealed that a planetary system once thought to house zero planets actually has two planets which orbit their star in a unique style, like an old-fashioned merry-go-round. </p>
  1142. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key Facts</strong></h2>
  1143. <p>The KOI-134 system contains two planets which orbit their star in a peculiar fashion on two different orbital planes, with one planet exhibiting significant variation in transit times. This is the first-discovered system of its kind. </p>
  1144. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Details </strong></h2>
  1145. <p>Over a decade ago, scientists used NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope to observe the KOI-134 system and thought that it might have a planet orbiting, but they deemed this planet candidate to be a false positive, because its transits (or passes in front of its star) were not lining up as expected. These transits were so abnormal that the planet was actually weeded out through an automated system as a false positive before it could be analyzed further. </p>
  1146. <p>However, NASA’s commitment to openly sharing scientific data means that researchers can constantly revisit old observations to make new discoveries. In this new study, researchers re-analyzed this Kepler data on KOI-134 and confirmed that not only is the “false positive” actually a real planet, but the system has <em>two </em>planets and some really interesting orbital dynamics! </p>
  1147. <p>First, the “false positive” planet, named KOI-134 b, was confirmed to be a warm Jupiter (or a warm planet of a similar size to Jupiter). Through this analysis, researchers uncovered that the reason this planet eluded confirmation previously is because it experiences what are called transit timing variations (TTVs), or small differences in a planet’s transit across its star that can make its transit “early” or “late” because the planet is being pushed or pulled by the gravity from another planet which was also revealed in this study. Researchers estimate that KOI-134 b transits across its star as much as 20 hours “late” or “early,” which is a significant variation. In fact, it was so significant that it’s the reason why the planet wasn’t confirmed in initial observations. </p>
  1148. <p>As these TTVs are caused by the gravitational interaction with another planet, this discovery also revealed a planetary sibling: KOI-134 c. Through studying this system in simulations that include these TTVs, the team found that KOI-134 c is a planet slightly smaller than Saturn and closer to its star than KOI-134 b. </p>
  1149. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1150. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1151. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1152. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="This artist's concept shows a star in the upper right-hand corner, a planet across screen on the left side with a blue trail indicating its orbital path behind it and a smaller planet is seen on the lower right-hand side with a green trail behind it indicating its orbital path." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/2024/03/KOI_134_Beauty_v2.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1153. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This artist’s concept shows the KOI-134 system which, in 2025, a paper revealed to have two planets: KOI-134 b and KOI-134 c.</div>
  1154. <div class="hds-credits"><strong>NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)</strong></div>
  1155. </figcaption></div>
  1156. </div>
  1157. </div>
  1158. <p>KOI-134 c previously eluded observation because it orbits on a tilted orbital plane, a different plane from KOI-134 b, and this tilted orbit prevents the planet from transiting its star. The two orbital planes of these planets are about 15 degrees different from one another, also known as a mutual inclination of 15 degrees, which is significant. Due to the gravitational push and pull between these two planets, their orbital planes also tilt back and forth. </p>
  1159. <p>Another interesting feature of this planetary system is something called resonance. These two planets have a 2 to 1 resonance, meaning within the same time that one planet completes one orbit, the other completes two orbits. In this case, KOI-134 b has an orbital period (the time it takes a planet to complete one orbit) of about 67 days, which is twice the orbital period of KOI-134 c, which orbits every 33-34 days. </p>
  1160. <p>Between the separate orbital planes tilting back and forth, the TTVs, and the resonance, the two planets orbit their star in a pattern that resembles two wooden ponies bobbing up and down as they circle around on an old-fashioned merry go round. </p>
  1161. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Fun Facts</strong></h2>
  1162. <p>While this system started as a false positive with Kepler, this re-analysis of the data reveals a vibrant system with two planets. In fact, this is the first-ever discovered compact, multiplanetary system that isn’t flat, has such a significant TTV, and experiences orbital planes tilting back and forth. </p>
  1163. <p>Also, most planetary systems do not have high mutual inclinations between close planet pairs. In addition to being a rarity, mutual inclinations like this are also not often measured because of challenges within the observation process. So, having measurements like this of a significant mutual inclination in a system, as well as measurements of resonance and TTVs, provides a clear picture of dynamics within a planetary system which we are not always able to see. </p>
  1164. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Discoverers</strong></h2>
  1165. <p>A team of scientists led by Emma Nabbie of the University of Southern Queensland published a paper on June 27 on their discovery, “A high mutual inclination system around KOI-134 revealed by transit timing variations,” <a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02594-8__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!J4U0jcM9rYNfcP3Tgu7RWudGNLgaOu0bBJiXtwjRQDFDRbZVPAv3587ki7R8g3ulvui7BrGBcCDLDUDjgCS-iTei$" rel="noopener">in the journal “Nature Astronomy.” </a>The observations described in this paper and used in simulations in this paper were made by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope and the paper included collaboration and contributions from institutions including the University of Geneva, University of La Laguna, Purple Mountain Observatory, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Southern Queensland, and NASA’s retired Kepler Space Telescope.</p>
  1166. ]]></content:encoded>
  1170. </item>
  1171. <item>
  1172. <title>NASA Sets Briefings for SpaceX Crew-11 Mission to Space Station</title>
  1173. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-sets-briefings-for-spacex-crew-11-mission-to-space-station/</link>
  1175. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Lauren E. Low]]></dc:creator>
  1176. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 21:26:32 +0000</pubDate>
  1177. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
  1178. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
  1179. <category><![CDATA[Opportunities For International Participants to Get Involved]]></category>
  1180. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884094</guid>
  1181.  
  1182. <description><![CDATA[NASA and its partners will discuss the upcoming crew rotation to the International Space Station during a pair of news conferences on Thursday, July 10, from the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. First is an overview news conference at 12 p.m. EDT with mission leadership discussing final launch and mission preparations on the agency’s [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1183. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="925" height="619" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?w=925" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png 925w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=300,201 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=768,514 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=400,268 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=600,402 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/crew11.png?resize=900,602 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The four crew members of NASA&#8217;s SpaceX Crew-11 mission to the International Space Station train inside a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft in Hawthorne, California. From left to right: Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Zena Cardman, and JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: SpaceX</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1184.  
  1185.  
  1186. <p>NASA and its partners will discuss the upcoming crew rotation to the International Space Station during a pair of news conferences on Thursday, July 10, from the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.<br><br>First is an overview news conference at 12 p.m. EDT with mission leadership discussing final launch and mission preparations on the agency’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2aBZuCeDwlSoxUrYsYWZr6NBTTKGir8U" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> channel.</p>
  1187.  
  1188.  
  1189.  
  1190. <p>Next, crew will participate in a news conference at 2 p.m. on NASA’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2aBZuCeDwlSoxUrYsYWZr6NBTTKGir8U" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> channel, followed by individual astronaut interviews at 3 p.m. This is the final media opportunity with Crew-11 before they travel to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for launch.<br><br>The Crew-11 mission, targeted to launch in late July/early August, will carry NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov to the orbiting laboratory. The crew will launch aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft on the company’s Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A.<br><br>United States-based media seeking to attend in person must contact the NASA Johnson newsroom no later than 5 p.m. on Monday, July 7, at 281-483-5111 or <a href="mailto:jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov">jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov</a>. A copy of NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/nasa-agencywide-media-accreditation-policy/">media accreditation policy</a> is available online.</p>
  1191.  
  1192.  
  1193.  
  1194. <p>Any media interested in participating in the news conferences by phone must contact the Johnson newsroom by 9:45 a.m. the day of the event. Media seeking virtual interviews with the crew must submit requests to the Johnson newsroom by 5 p.m. on Monday, July 7.<br><br>Briefing participants are as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change based on real-time operations):<br><br><strong>12 p.m.: Mission Overview News Conference</strong></p>
  1195.  
  1196.  
  1197.  
  1198. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  1199. <li>Steve Stich, manager, Commercial Crew Program, NASA Kennedy</li>
  1200.  
  1201.  
  1202.  
  1203. <li>Bill Spetch, operations integration manager, International Space Station Program, NASA Johnson</li>
  1204.  
  1205.  
  1206.  
  1207. <li>NASA’s Space Operations Mission Directorate representative</li>
  1208.  
  1209.  
  1210.  
  1211. <li>Sarah Walker, director, Dragon Mission Management, SpaceX</li>
  1212.  
  1213.  
  1214.  
  1215. <li>Mayumi Matsuura, vice president and director general, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA</li>
  1216. </ul>
  1217.  
  1218.  
  1219.  
  1220. <p><strong>2 p.m.: Crew News Conference </strong><strong></strong></p>
  1221.  
  1222.  
  1223.  
  1224. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  1225. <li>Zena Cardman, Crew-11 commander, NASA</li>
  1226.  
  1227.  
  1228.  
  1229. <li>Mike Fincke, Crew-11 pilot, NASA</li>
  1230.  
  1231.  
  1232.  
  1233. <li>Kimiya Yui, Crew-11 mission specialist, JAXA</li>
  1234.  
  1235.  
  1236.  
  1237. <li>Oleg Platonov, Crew-11 mission specialist, Roscosmos</li>
  1238. </ul>
  1239.  
  1240.  
  1241.  
  1242. <p><strong>3 p.m.: Crew Individual Interview Opportunities</strong><strong></strong></p>
  1243.  
  1244.  
  1245.  
  1246. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  1247. <li>Crew-11 members available for a limited number of interviews</li>
  1248. </ul>
  1249.  
  1250.  
  1251.  
  1252. <p><br>Selected as a NASA astronaut in 2017, Cardman will conduct her first spaceflight. The Williamsburg, Virginia, native holds a bachelor’s degree in Biology and a master’s in Marine Sciences from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At the time of selection, she was pursuing a doctorate in geosciences. Cardman’s geobiology and geochemical cycling research focused on subsurface environments, from caves to deep sea sediments. Since completing initial training, Cardman has supported real-time station operations and lunar surface exploration planning. Follow <a href="https://x.com/zenanaut">@zenanaut</a> on X and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/zenanaut/" rel="noopener">@zenanaut</a> on Instagram.<br><br>This will be Fincke’s fourth trip to the space station, having logged 382 days in space and nine spacewalks during Expedition 9 in 2004, Expedition 18 in 2008, and STS-134 in 2011, the final flight of space shuttle Endeavour. Throughout the past decade, Fincke has applied his expertise to NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, advancing the development and testing of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft and Boeing Starliner spacecraft toward operational certification. The Emsworth, Pennsylvania, native is a graduate of the United States Air Force Test Pilot School and holds bachelors’ degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, in both aeronautics and astronautics, as well as Earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences. He also has a master’s degree in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University in California. Fincke is a retired U.S. Air Force colonel with more than 2,000 flight hours in over 30 different aircraft. Follow <a href="https://x.com/AstroIronMike">@AstroIronMike</a> on X and <a href="https://www.instagram.com/astroironmike/?hl=en" rel="noopener">Instagram</a>.<br><br>With 142 days in space, this will be Yui’s second trip to the space station. After his selection as a JAXA astronaut in 2009, Yui flew as a flight engineer for Expedition 44/45 and became the first Japanese astronaut to capture JAXA’s H-II Transfer Vehicle using the station’s robotic arm. In addition to constructing a new experimental environment aboard Kibo, he conducted a total of 21 experiments for JAXA. In November 2016, Yui was assigned as chief of the JAXA Astronaut Group. He graduated from the School of Science and Engineering at the National Defense Academy of Japan in 1992. He later joined the Air Self-Defense Force at the Japan Defense Agency (currently the Ministry of Defense). In 2008, Yui joined the Air Staff Office at the Ministry of Defense as a lieutenant colonel. Follow <a href="https://x.com/Astro_Kimiya">@astro_kimiya</a> on X.<br><br>The Crew-11 mission also will be Platonov’s first spaceflight. Before his selection as a cosmonaut in 2018, Platonov earned a degree in engineering from Krasnodar Air Force Academy in aircraft operations and air traffic management. He also earned a bachelor’s degree in state and municipal management in 2016 from the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Russia. Assigned as a test cosmonaut in 2021, he has experience in piloting aircraft, zero gravity training, scuba diving, and wilderness survival.</p>
  1253.  
  1254.  
  1255.  
  1256. <p>For more information about the mission, visit:</p>
  1257.  
  1258.  
  1259.  
  1260. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew</strong></a></p>
  1261.  
  1262.  
  1263.  
  1264. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  1265.  
  1266.  
  1267.  
  1268. <p>Claire O’Shea / Joshua Finch<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1100<br><a href="mailto:claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov">claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov">joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov</a></p>
  1269.  
  1270.  
  1271.  
  1272. <p>Sandra Jones / Joseph Zakrzewski<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov">sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:Joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov">Joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  1318. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 02, 2025</div>
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  1329. </item>
  1330. <item>
  1331. <title>NASA Awards Simulation and Advanced Software Services II Contract</title>
  1332. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-simulation-and-advanced-software-services-ii-contract/</link>
  1334. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Tiernan P. Doyle]]></dc:creator>
  1335. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 20:32:03 +0000</pubDate>
  1336. <category><![CDATA[Technology]]></category>
  1337. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
  1338. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884075</guid>
  1339.  
  1340. <description><![CDATA[NASA has awarded a contract to MacLean Engineering &#38; Applied Technologies, LLC of Houston to provide simulation and advanced software services to the agency. The Simulation and Advanced Software Services II (SASS II) contract includes services from Oct. 1, 2025, through Sept. 30, 2030, with a maximum potential value not to exceed $150 million. The [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1341. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1321" height="730" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?w=1321" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The letters NASA on a blue circle with red and white detail, all surrounded by a black background" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp 1321w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=300,166 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=768,424 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=1024,566 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=400,221 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=600,332 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=900,497 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/meatball-w-black-background.webp?resize=1200,663 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1321px) 100vw, 1321px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1342.  
  1343.  
  1344. <p>NASA has awarded a contract to MacLean Engineering &amp; Applied Technologies, LLC of Houston to provide simulation and advanced software services to the agency.</p>
  1345.  
  1346.  
  1347.  
  1348. <p>The Simulation and Advanced Software Services II (SASS II) contract includes services from Oct. 1, 2025, through Sept. 30, 2030, with a maximum potential value not to exceed $150 million. The contract is a single award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quality contract with the capability to issue cost-plus-fixed-fee task orders and firm-fixed-price task orders.</p>
  1349.  
  1350.  
  1351.  
  1352. <p>Under the five-year SASS II contract, the awardee is tasked to provide simulation and software services for space-based vehicle models and robotic manipulator systems; human biomechanical representations for analysis and development of countermeasures devices; guidance, navigation, and control of space-based vehicles for all flight phases; and space-based vehicle on-board computer systems simulations of flight software systems. Responsibilities also include astronomical object surface interaction simulation of space-based vehicles, graphics support for simulation visualization and engineering analysis, and ground-based and onboarding systems to support human-in-the-loop training.</p>
  1353.  
  1354.  
  1355.  
  1356. <p>Major subcontractors include Tietronix Software Inc. in Houston and VEDO Systems, LLC, in League City, Texas.</p>
  1357.  
  1358.  
  1359.  
  1360. <p>For information about NASA and agency programs, visit:</p>
  1361.  
  1362.  
  1363.  
  1364. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/</strong></a></p>
  1365.  
  1366.  
  1367.  
  1368. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  1369.  
  1370.  
  1371.  
  1372. <p>Tiernan Doyle<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:tiernan.doyle@nasa.gov">tiernan.doyle@nasa.gov</a></p>
  1373.  
  1374.  
  1375.  
  1376. <p>Chelsey Ballarte<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:Chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov">Chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov</a></p>
  1377.  
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  1433. </item>
  1434. <item>
  1435. <title>How NASA’s SPHEREx Mission Will Share Its All-Sky Map With the World </title>
  1436. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/spherex-universe-map/</link>
  1438. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1439. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 19:57:07 +0000</pubDate>
  1440. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
  1441. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies]]></category>
  1442. <category><![CDATA[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]></category>
  1443. <category><![CDATA[Open Science]]></category>
  1444. <category><![CDATA[SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe and Ices Explorer)]]></category>
  1445. <category><![CDATA[The Search for Life]]></category>
  1446. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
  1447. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/spherex-universe-map/</guid>
  1448.  
  1449. <description><![CDATA[NASA’s newest astrophysics space telescope launched in March on a mission to create an all-sky map of the universe. Now settled into low-Earth orbit, SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) has begun delivering its sky survey data to a public archive on a weekly basis, allowing anyone […]]]></description>
  1450. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
  1451. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
  1452. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  1453. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p>
  1454. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">How NASA’s SPHEREx Mission Will Share Its All-Sky Map With the World </h1>
  1455. </div>
  1456. </div>
  1457. </div>
  1458. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1459. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1460. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1461. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="3406" height="1684" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="This infrared image of the Vela Molecular Ridge was captured by SPHEREx and is part of the mission’s first ever public data release. The thousands of stars in the image are mostly represented in shades of blue and green. The yellow patch on the right side of the image is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that glows in some infrared colors due to radiation from nearby stars." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=3406&#038;h=1684&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3406w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=300&#038;h=148&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=768&#038;h=380&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=759&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1013&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=400&#038;h=198&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=600&#038;h=297&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=900&#038;h=445&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=593&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/RCW36.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=989&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 3406px) 100vw, 3406px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1462. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s SPHEREx mission will map the entire sky in 102 different wavelengths, or colors, of infrared light. This image of the Vela Molecular Ridge was captured by SPHEREx and is part of the mission’s first ever public data release. The yellow patch on the right side of the image is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that glows in some infrared colors due to radiation from nearby stars.</div>
  1463. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1464. </figcaption></div>
  1465. </div>
  1466. </div>
  1467. <p>NASA’s newest astrophysics space telescope launched in March on a mission to create an all-sky map of the universe. Now settled into low-Earth orbit, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/spherex/" rel="noopener">SPHEREx</a> (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) has begun delivering its sky survey data to <a href="https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/spherex.html" rel="noopener">a public archive</a> on a weekly basis, allowing anyone to use the data to probe the secrets of the cosmos.</p>
  1468. <p>“Because we’re looking at everything in the whole sky, almost every area of astronomy can be addressed by SPHEREx data,” said Rachel Akeson, the lead for the SPHEREx Science Data Center at IPAC. IPAC is a science and data center for astrophysics and planetary science at Caltech in Pasadena, California.</p>
  1469. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote">
  1470. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
  1471. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
  1472. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  1473. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  1474. </div>
  1475. <div class="blockquote-content">
  1476. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  1477. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">Almost every area of astronomy can be addressed by SPHEREx data.</span></h2>
  1478. </p></div>
  1479. <div class="display-flex">
  1480. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3">
  1481. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Rachel Akeson" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meatball-1041-jpg.webp?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure>
  1482. </div>
  1483. <div class="grid-col-11">
  1484. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Rachel Akeson</p>
  1485. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">SPHEREx Science Data Center Lead</p>
  1486. </p></div>
  1487. </p></div>
  1488. </p></div>
  1489. </p></div>
  1490. </p></div>
  1491. </div>
  1492. <p>Other missions, like NASA’s now-retired WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer), have also mapped the entire sky. SPHEREx builds on this legacy by observing in 102 infrared wavelengths, compared to WISE’s four wavelength bands.</p>
  1493. <p>By putting the many wavelength bands of SPHEREx data together, scientists can identify the signatures of specific molecules with a <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/why-nasas-spherex-mission-will-make-most-colorful-cosmic-map-ever/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">technique known as spectroscopy</a>. The mission’s science team will use this method to study the distribution of frozen water and organic molecules — the “building blocks of life” — in the Milky Way.</p>
  1494. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  1495. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  1496. <iframe loading="lazy" title="SPHEREx Survey Animation" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eOfoWtt0TP8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  1497. </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">This animation shows how NASA’s SPHEREx observatory will map the entire sky — a process it will complete four times over its two-year mission. The telescope will observe every point in the sky in 102 different infrared wavelengths, more than any other all-sky survey. SPHEREx’s openly available data will enable a wide variety of astronomical studies. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</figcaption></figure>
  1498. <p>The SPHEREx science team will also use the mission’s data to study the physics that drove the universe’s expansion following the big bang, and to measure the amount of light emitted by all the galaxies in the universe over time. Releasing SPHEREx data in a public archive encourages far more astronomical studies than the team could do on their own.</p>
  1499. <p>“By making the data public, we enable the whole astronomy community to use SPHEREx data to work on all these other areas of science,” Akeson said.</p>
  1500. <p>NASA is committed to the sharing of scientific data, promoting transparency and efficiency in scientific research. In line with this commitment, data from SPHEREx appears in the public archive within 60 days after the telescope collects each observation. The short delay allows the SPHEREx team to process the raw data to remove or flag artifacts, account for detector effects, and align the images to the correct astronomical coordinates.</p>
  1501. <p>The team publishes the procedures they used to process the data alongside the actual data products. “We want enough information in those files that people can do their own research,” Akeson said.</p>
  1502. <div id="" class="hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel">
  1503. <div id="carousel-wrapper-carousel-6865ad1152050" class="hds-carousel-wrapper">
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  1518. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2">
  1519. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1520. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="2280" height="1282" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="A cloud of dust imaged by SPHEREx in 3.29 microns, an infrared wavelength invisible to the human eye that has been adjusted to appear red in this image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-1.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1521. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">One of the early test images captured by NASA’s SPHEREx mission in April 2025. This image shows a section of sky in one infrared wavelength, or color, that is invisible to the human eye but is represented here in a visible color. This particular wavelength (3.29 microns) reveals a cloud of dust made of a molecule similar to soot or smoke.</div>
  1522. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1523. </figcaption></div>
  1524. </p></div>
  1525. </figure></div>
  1526. <div class="display-block width-full" data-label="">
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  1528. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2">
  1529. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1530. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="2280" height="1282" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="A patch of sky imaged by SPHEREx in 0.98 microns, an infrared wavelength invisible to the human eye that has been adjusted to appear blue in this picture. The cloud of dust in this image does not appear because it is invisible in this wavelength." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2280&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/spherex-cloud-2.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1531. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This image from NASA’s SPHEREx shows the same region of space in a different infrared wavelength (0.98 microns), once again represented by a color that is visible to the human eye. The dust cloud has vanished because the molecules that make up the dust — polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons — do not radiate light in this color.</div>
  1532. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1533. </figcaption></div>
  1534. </p></div>
  1535. </figure></div>
  1536. </p></div>
  1537. <div class="hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0" data-carousel-id="image-carousel-slider-carousel-6865ad1152050">
  1538. <button class="hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev"><br />
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  1540. </button><br />
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  1543. </button>
  1544. </div>
  1545. </p></div>
  1546. </p></div>
  1547. <p>During its two-year prime mission, SPHEREx will survey the entire sky twice a year, creating four all-sky maps. After the mission reaches the one-year mark, the team plans to release a map of the whole sky at all 102 wavelengths.</p>
  1548. <p>In addition to the science enabled by SPHEREx itself, the telescope unlocks an even greater range of astronomical studies when paired with other missions. Data from SPHEREx can be used to identify interesting targets for further study by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, refine exoplanet parameters collected from NASA’s TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), and study the properties of dark matter and dark energy along with ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) Euclid mission and NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.</p>
  1549. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1550. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1551. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1552. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="In this illustration, NASA's SPHEREx mission is highlighted among a line of other NASA space telescopes." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26535/PIA26535~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1553. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The SPHEREx mission’s all-sky survey will complement data from other NASA space telescopes. SPHEREx is illustrated second from the right. The other telescope illustrations are, from left to right: the Hubble Space Telescope, the retired Spitzer Space Telescope, the retired WISE/NEOWISE mission, the James Webb Space Telescope, and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.</div>
  1554. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1555. </figcaption></div>
  1556. </div>
  1557. </div>
  1558. <p>The IPAC archive that hosts SPHEREx data, IRSA (NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive), also hosts pointed observations and all-sky maps at a variety of wavelengths from previous missions. The large amount of data available through IRSA gives users a comprehensive view of the astronomical objects they want to study.</p>
  1559. <p>“SPHEREx is part of the entire legacy of NASA space surveys,” said IRSA Science Lead Vandana Desai. “People are going to use the data in all kinds of ways that we can’t imagine.”</p>
  1560. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ocsdo/?utm_source=spherex_072025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</a> leads open science efforts for the agency. Public sharing of scientific data, tools, research, and software maximizes the impact of NASA’s science missions. To learn more about NASA’s commitment to transparency and reproducibility of scientific research, visit <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/?utm_source=spherex_072025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">science.nasa.gov/open-science</a>. To get more stories about the impact of NASA’s science data delivered directly to your inbox, <a href="https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/dngxZy8/NASAOpenScience" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sign up for the NASA Open Science newsletter</a>.</p>
  1561. <p><strong><em>By Lauren Leese</em></strong><br /><strong><em>Web Content Strategist for the Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</em></strong> </p>
  1562. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">More About SPHEREx</h2>
  1563. <p>The SPHEREx mission is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the agency’s Astrophysics Division within the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. BAE Systems in Boulder, Colorado, built the telescope and the spacecraft bus. The science analysis of the SPHEREx data will be conducted by a team of scientists located at 10 institutions in the U.S., two in South Korea, and one in Taiwan. Caltech in Pasadena managed and integrated the instrument. The mission’s principal investigator is based at Caltech with a joint JPL appointment. Data will be processed and archived at IPAC at Caltech. The SPHEREx dataset will be publicly available at the NASA-IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.</p>
  1564. <p>To learn more about SPHEREx, visit:</p>
  1565. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://nasa.gov/SPHEREx" rel="noopener">https://nasa.gov/SPHEREx</a></p>
  1566. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Media Contacts</h2>
  1567. <p>Calla Cofield<br />Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br />626-808-2469<br /><a href="mailto:calla.e.cofield@jpl.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">calla.e.cofield@jpl.nasa.gov</a></p>
  1568. <p>Amanda Adams<br />Office of the Chief Science Data Officer<br />256-683-6661<br /><a href="mailto:amanda.m.adams@nasa.gov">amanda.m.adams@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  1608. <div class="grid-col-4">
  1609. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  1610. </p></div>
  1611. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 02, 2025</div>
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  1616. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
  1617. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1618. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  1619. </div>
  1620. <ul class="article-tags">
  1621. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/" rel="noopener">Open Science</a></li>
  1622. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
  1623. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" rel="noopener">Galaxies</a></li>
  1624. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/" rel="noopener">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li>
  1625. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/spherex" rel="noopener">SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe and Ices Explorer)</a></li>
  1626. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" rel="noopener">The Search for Life</a></li>
  1627. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
  1628. </ul>
  1629. </div>
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  1666. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="300" height="211" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg 3987w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=300,211 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=768,539 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1024,719 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1536,1078 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=2048,1438 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=400,281 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=600,421 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=900,632 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=1200,842 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/stsci-01hzmg8ma6yvd0k54qb9gf2g9g-unannotated-4k.jpg?resize=2000,1404 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure>
  1667. </p></div>
  1668. </p></div>
  1669. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  1670. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">11 min read</div>
  1671. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
  1672. <h3 class="related-article-title">3 Years of Science: 10 Cosmic Surprises from NASA’s Webb Telescope</h3>
  1673. </div>
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  1677. <span>Article</span><br />
  1678. </span><br />
  1679. <span class=""><br />
  1680. 7 hours ago </span>
  1681. </div>
  1682. </p></div>
  1683. <p> </a>
  1684. </div>
  1685. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
  1686. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/a-new-alloy-is-enabling-ultra-stable-structures-needed-for-exoplanet-discovery/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
  1687. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1688. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
  1689. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1280" height="960" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=960&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=960&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=900&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></figure>
  1690. </p></div>
  1691. </p></div>
  1692. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  1693. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">7 min read</div>
  1694. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
  1695. <h3 class="related-article-title">A New Alloy is Enabling Ultra-Stable Structures Needed for Exoplanet Discovery</h3>
  1696. </div>
  1697. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
  1698. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
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  1700. <span>Article</span><br />
  1701. </span><br />
  1702. <span class=""><br />
  1703. 1 day ago </span>
  1704. </div>
  1705. </p></div>
  1706. <p> </a>
  1707. </div>
  1708. </p></div>
  1709. </section></div>
  1710. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  1711. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1712. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1713. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1714. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1715. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  1716. </p></div>
  1717. </p></div>
  1718. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1719. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1720. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1721. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1722. <div>
  1723. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1724. <span>Missions</span><br />
  1725. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1726. </p>
  1727. </p></div>
  1728. </p></div>
  1729. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1730. </p></div>
  1731. <p> </a><br />
  1732. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1733. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1734. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1735. <div>
  1736. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1737. <span>Humans in Space</span><br />
  1738. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1739. </p>
  1740. </p></div>
  1741. </p></div>
  1742. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1743. </p></div>
  1744. <p> </a><br />
  1745. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1746. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1747. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1748. <div>
  1749. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1750. <span>Climate Change</span><br />
  1751. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1752. </p>
  1753. </p></div>
  1754. </p></div>
  1755. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1756. </p></div>
  1757. <p> </a><br />
  1758. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1759. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1760. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1761. <div>
  1762. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1763. <span>Solar System</span><br />
  1764. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1765. </p>
  1766. </p></div>
  1767. </p></div>
  1768. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1769. </p></div>
  1770. <p> </a>
  1771. </div>
  1772. </p></div>
  1773. </p></div>
  1774. ]]></content:encoded>
  1778. </item>
  1779. <item>
  1780. <title>What’s Up: July 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA</title>
  1781. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-july-2025-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/</link>
  1783. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1784. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 16:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
  1785. <category><![CDATA[Skywatching]]></category>
  1786. <category><![CDATA[Skywatching Tips]]></category>
  1787. <category><![CDATA[The Solar System]]></category>
  1788. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-july-2025-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/</guid>
  1789.  
  1790. <description><![CDATA[A.M./P.M. Planet Watching, Plus the Eagle Constellation Mars shines in the evening, and is joined briefly by Mercury. Jupiter joins Venus as the month goes on. And all month, look for Aquila the eagle. Skywatching Highlights All Month – Planet Visibility: Daily Highlights: July 1 – 7 – Mercury is relatively bright and easy to […]]]></description>
  1791. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class=" hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation">
  1792. <div class="hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0">
  1793. <div id="" class="hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav"><button type="button" class="hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="hds-secondary-nav-track"><span>Skywatching</span><svg width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg></button></p>
  1794. <div class="hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 ">
  1795. <div class="hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items">
  1796. <nav>
  1797. <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0">
  1798. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/" rel="noopener">Skywatching Home</a></li>
  1799. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/whats-up/" rel="noopener">What’s Up</a></li>
  1800. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/meteor-showers/" rel="noopener">Meteor Showers</a></li>
  1801. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/" rel="noopener">Eclipses</a></li>
  1802. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-observation/daily-moon-guide/?intent=011" rel="noopener">Daily Moon Guide</a></li>
  1803. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>More</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
  1804. <ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
  1805. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/tips-guides/" rel="noopener">Tips &#038; Guides</a></li>
  1806. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/faq/" rel="noopener">Skywatching FAQ</a></li>
  1807. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/night-sky-network/" rel="noopener">Night Sky Network</a></li>
  1808. </ul>
  1809. </li>
  1810. </ul>
  1811. </nav>
  1812. </div>
  1813. </div>
  1814. </div>
  1815. </div>
  1816. </div>
  1817. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  1818. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  1819. <iframe loading="lazy" title="What's Up: July 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SQu8utmfOQk?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  1820. </div>
  1821. </figure>
  1822. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>A.M./P.M. Planet Watching, Plus the Eagle Constellation</strong></h2>
  1823. <p>Mars shines in the evening, and is joined briefly by Mercury. Jupiter joins Venus as the month goes on. And all month, look for Aquila the eagle.</p>
  1824. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Skywatching Highlights</h2>
  1825. <p><strong>All Month – Planet Visibility:</strong></p>
  1826. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  1827. <li><strong>Venus:</strong> Shines brightly in the east each morning during the couple of hours before sunrise, with the Pleiades and bright stars Aldebaran and Capella.</li>
  1828. <li><strong>Mars:</strong> Sits in the west, about 20 degrees above the horizon as twilight fades. Sets a couple of hours after dark.</li>
  1829. <li><strong>Jupiter:</strong> Starts to become visible low in the east in the hour before sunrise after mid-month. You’ll notice it rises a bit higher each day through August, quickly approaching closer to Venus each morning.</li>
  1830. <li><strong>Mercury:</strong> Visible very low in the west (10 degrees or lower) the first week or so in July. Find it for a short time before it sets, beginning 30-45 minutes after sunset.</li>
  1831. <li><strong>Saturn:</strong> Rises around midnight and climbs to a point high in the south as dawn approaches.</li>
  1832. </ul>
  1833. <p><strong>Daily Highlights:</strong></p>
  1834. <p><strong>July 1 – 7 </strong>– Mercury is relatively bright and easy to spot without a telescope, beginning about 30-45 minutes after sunset for the first week or so of July. You will need an unobstructed view toward the horizon, and note that it sets within an hour after the Sun.</p>
  1835. <p><strong>July 21 &#038; 22 – Moon, Venus, &#038; Jupiter </strong>– Look toward the east this morning to find a lovely scene, with the crescent Moon and Venus, plus several bright stars. And if you have a clear view toward the horizon, Jupiter is there too, low in the sky.</p>
  1836. <p><strong>July 28 – Moon &#038; Mars </strong>– The crescent Moon appears right next to Mars this evening after sunset.</p>
  1837. <p><strong>All month – Constellation: Aquila</strong> – The Eagle constellation, Aquila, appears in the eastern part of the sky during the first half of the night. Its brightest star, Altair, is the southernmost star in the Summer Triangle, which is an easy-to-locate star pattern in Northern Hemisphere summer skies.</p>
  1838. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Transcript</h2>
  1839. <p>What’s Up for July? Mars shines in the evening sky, sixty years after its first close-up, Venus brightens your mornings, and the eagle soars overhead.</p>
  1840. <p>First up, Mercury is visible for a brief time following sunset for the first week of July. Look for it very low in the west 30 to 45 minutes after sundown. It sets within the hour after that, so be on the ball if you want to catch it!</p>
  1841. <p>Mars is visible for the first hour or two after it gets dark. You’ll find it sinking lower in the sky each day and looking a bit dimmer over the course of the month, as our two planets’ orbits carry them farther apart. The crescent Moon appears right next to Mars on the 28th.</p>
  1842. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1843. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1844. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1845. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Mercury%20Mars_skychart_July2025.png.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Mercury%20Mars_skychart_July2025.png.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the western sky 45 minutes after sunset. The scene features a twilight background with faint stars and labeled compass directions: "SW," "W," and "NW" across the bottom from left to right. Near center is Mars, represented by a bright reddish-white dot. Near the horizon at bottom, right of center, is Mercury, represented as a bright white dot. Just below and to the right of Mars is the bright star Regulus; and higher in the sky are the bright stars Spica and Arcturus. (These stars are also labeled.)" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1846. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing Mercury and Mars in the western sky following sunset in early July.</div>
  1847. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1848. </figcaption></div>
  1849. </div>
  1850. </div>
  1851. <p>July is the 60th anniversary of the first successful flyby of Mars, by NASA’s Mariner 4 spacecraft in 1965. Mariner 4 sent back the first photos of another planet from deep space, along with the discovery that the Red Planet has only a very thin, cold atmosphere.</p>
  1852. <p>Next, Saturn is rising late in the evening, and by dawn it’s high overhead to the south.</p>
  1853. <p>Looking to the morning sky, Venus shines brightly all month. You’ll find it in the east during the couple of hours before sunrise, with the Pleiades and bright stars Aldebaran and Capella. And as the month goes on, Jupiter makes its morning sky debut, rising in the hour before sunrise and appearing a little higher each day.</p>
  1854. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1855. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1856. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1857. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the eastern sky 1 hour before sunrise. The scene features a dark twilight background with faint stars and labeled compass directions: "NE," "E," and "SE" across the bottom from left to right. Near center is the Pleiades star cluster indicated by a circle.Below the Pleiades is Venus, represented as a bright white dot. Saturn is a smaller, fainter dot near upper right. Two bright stars are also labeled, appearing to the left and right of Venus: Capella and Aldebaran." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Venus_skychart_July2025.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1858. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing Venus in the morning sky in July.</div>
  1859. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1860. </figcaption></div>
  1861. </div>
  1862. </div>
  1863. <p>By the end of the month, early risers will have the two brightest planets there greeting them each morning. They’re headed for a super-close meetup in mid-August, and the pair will be a fixture of the a.m. sky through late this year. Look for them together with the crescent moon on the 21st and 22nd.</p>
  1864. <p><strong>Aquila, The Eagle</strong></p>
  1865. <p>From July and into August, is a great time to observe the constellation Aquila, the eagle.</p>
  1866. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1867. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1868. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1869. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An illustrated sky chart shows a view of the eastern sky around 10pm in July. The scene features a dark, nighttime background with faint stars. Near center are two shapes — patterns of stars, connected by faint purple lines. At center is the Summer Triangle, with its three bright stars, Vega, Altair, and Deneb, labeled. On its left side is the Aquila constellation. Altair is its brightest star and the eagle's right with points upward, toward Vega. Finally, an arrow points toward the left, indicating the direction of north on the sky. The eagle appears to be flying toward the north." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Aquila_skychart_July2025.png?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1870. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Sky chart showing the shape and orientation of the constellation Aquila in the July evening sky. Aquila’s brightest star, Altair, is part of the Summer Triangle star pattern.</div>
  1871. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1872. </figcaption></div>
  1873. </div>
  1874. </div>
  1875. <p>This time of year, it soars high into the sky in the first half of the night. Aquila represents the mythical eagle that was a powerful servant and messenger of the Greek god Zeus. The eagle carried his lightning bolts and was a symbol of his power as king of the gods.</p>
  1876. <p>To find Aquila in the sky, start by locating its brightest star, Altair. It’s one the three bright stars in the Summer Triangle, which is super easy to pick out during summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. Altair is the second brightest of the three, and sits at the southernmost corner of the triangle.</p>
  1877. <p>The other stars in Aquila aren’t as bright as Altair, which can make observing the constellation challenging if you live in an area with a lot of light pollution. It’s easier, though, if you know how the eagle is oriented on the sky. Imagine it’s flying toward the north with its wings spread wide, its right wing pointed toward Vega. If you can find Altair, and Aquila’s next brightest star, you can usually trace out the rest of the spread-eagle shape from there. ​​The second half of July is the best time of the month to observe Aquila, as the Moon doesn’t rise until later then, making it easier to pick out the constellation’s fainter stars.</p>
  1878. <p>Observing the constellation Aquila makes for a worthy challenge in the July night sky. And once you’re familiar with its shape, it’s hard not to see the mythical eagle soaring overhead among the summertime stars.</p>
  1879. <p>Here are the phases of the Moon for July. </p>
  1880. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1881. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1882. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1883. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Moon%20Phases%20July%202025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/july/Moon%20Phases%20July%202025.png?w=1920&#038;h=1080&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The main phases of the Moon are illustrated in a horizontal row, with the first quarter moon on July 2, full moon on July 10, third quarter on July 17, and the new moon on July 24." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1884. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The phases of the Moon for July 2025.</div>
  1885. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1886. </figcaption></div>
  1887. </div>
  1888. </div>
  1889. <p>You can stay up to date on all of NASA’s missions exploring the solar system and beyond at science.nasa.gov. I’m Preston Dyches from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and that’s What’s Up for this month.</p>
  1890. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  1891. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1892. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1893. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1894. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1895. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  1896. </p></div>
  1897. </p></div>
  1898. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1899. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1900. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1901. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1902. <div>
  1903. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1904. <span>Missions</span><br />
  1905. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1906. </p>
  1907. </p></div>
  1908. </p></div>
  1909. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1910. </p></div>
  1911. <p> </a><br />
  1912. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1913. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1914. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1915. <div>
  1916. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1917. <span>Humans in Space</span><br />
  1918. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1919. </p>
  1920. </p></div>
  1921. </p></div>
  1922. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1923. </p></div>
  1924. <p> </a><br />
  1925. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1926. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1927. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1928. <div>
  1929. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1930. <span>Climate Change</span><br />
  1931. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1932. </p>
  1933. </p></div>
  1934. </p></div>
  1935. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1936. </p></div>
  1937. <p> </a><br />
  1938. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"></p>
  1939. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1940. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1941. <div>
  1942. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1943. <span>Solar System</span><br />
  1944. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1945. </p>
  1946. </p></div>
  1947. </p></div>
  1948. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536 1536w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg?w=1536px" ></figure>
  1949. </p></div>
  1950. <p> </a>
  1951. </div>
  1952. </p></div>
  1953. </p></div>
  1954. ]]></content:encoded>
  1958. </item>
  1959. </channel>
  1960. </rss>
  1961.  

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