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23. <title>Curiosity Blog, Sols 4589 – 4592: Setting up to explore Volcán Peña Blanca</title>
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31. <description><![CDATA[Written by Abigail Fraeman, Deputy Project Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Earth planning date: Thursday, July 3, 2025 The team was delighted this morning to learn that Wednesday’s drive had completed flawlessly, placing us in a stable position facing a ~3 foot high ridge located ~35 feet away.  This ridge is the eastern edge […]]]></description>
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88. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Navcam view of the ~3 ft high ridge that marks the eastern side of Volcán Peña Blanca.  The ridge is currently about 35 ft away from the rover, and the team used images like this during today’s planning to decide the exact location for Curiosity’s approach.</div>
89. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
90. </figcaption></div>
91. </div>
92. </div>
93. <p>Written by Abigail Fraeman, Deputy Project Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory</p>
94. <p>Earth planning date: Thursday, July 3, 2025</p>
95. <p>The team was delighted this morning to learn that Wednesday’s drive had completed flawlessly, placing us in a stable position facing a ~3 foot high ridge located ~35 feet away.  This ridge is the eastern edge of a feature the team has informally named “Volcán Peña Blanca.” This feature certainly looked intriguing in orbital images, but once we saw Curiosity’s pictures of it from the ground, we decided it was cool enough to spend the time to investigate it closer.  The images from the ground show a lot more detail than is visible in orbit, including clear sedimentary structures exposed along the ridge face which could provide important clues about how the rocks in the boxwork-bearing terrain were initially deposited – dunes? Rivers? Lakes? The team picked their favorite spot to approach the ridge and take a closer look during Wednesday’s planning, so Curiosity made a sharp right turn to take us in that direction.  Using today’s images, we refined our plan for the exact location to approach and planned a drive to take us there, setting us up for contact science on Monday.</p>
96. <p>We had the opportunity to plan four sols today, to cover the U.S. 4<sup>th</sup> of July holiday weekend, so there was lots of time for activities besides the drive.  Curiosity is currently sitting right in front of some light toned rocks, including one we gave the evocative name “Huellas de Dinosaurios.” It’s extremely unlikely we’ll see dinosaur footprints in the rock, but we will get the chance to investigate it with APXS, MAHLI, and ChemCam.  We also have a pair of ChemCam only targets on a more typical bedrock target named “Amboro” and some pebbles named “Tunari.”  Mastcam will take a high resolution of mosaic covering Volcán Peña Blanca, some nearby rocks named “Laguna Verde,” a small light colored rock named “Suruto,” and various patterns in the ground. Two ChemCam RMI mosaics of features in the distant Mishe Mokwa face and environment monitoring activities round out the plan.</p>
97. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
98. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-updates/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates" rel="noopener"><br />
99. <span class="line-height-alt-1">For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates</span><br />
100. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
101. </a></p></div>
102. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
103. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-instruments/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments" rel="noopener"><br />
104. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments</span><br />
105. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
106. </a></p></div>
107. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles">
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202. </p></div>
203. </p></div>
204. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1440" height="720" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1440&#038;h=720&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1440&#038;h=720&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1200&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" /></figure>
205. </p></div>
206. <p> </a><br />
207. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/resources/resource-packages/mars-resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
208. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
209. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
210. <div>
211. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
212. <span>Mars Resources</span><br />
213. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
214. </h3>
215. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this page for a curated collection of Mars resources.</p>
216. </p></div>
217. </p></div>
218. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1280" height="720" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=720&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=720&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></figure>
219. </p></div>
220. <p> </a><br />
221. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
222. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
223. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
224. <div>
225. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
226. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
227. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
228. </h3>
229. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
230. </p></div>
231. </p></div>
232. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
233. </p></div>
234. <p> </a><br />
235. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
236. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
237. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
238. <div>
239. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
240. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
241. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
242. </h3>
243. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
244. </p></div>
245. </p></div>
246. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
247. </p></div>
248. <p> </a>
249. </div>
250. </p></div>
251. </p></div>
252. ]]></content:encoded>
256. </item>
257. <item>
258. <title>Curiosity Blog, Sol 4588: Ridges and troughs</title>
259. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sol-4588-ridges-and-troughs/</link>
261. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
262. <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2025 22:27:58 +0000</pubDate>
263. <category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
264. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sol-4588-ridges-and-troughs/</guid>
265.  
266. <description><![CDATA[Written by Lucy Thompson, APXS Collaborator and Senior Research Scientist at the University of New Brunswick, CanadaEarth planning date: Wednesday, July 2, 2025As we traverse the boxwork terrain, we are encountering a series of more resistant ridges/bedrock patches, and areas that are more rubbly and tend to form lower relief polygonal or trough-like features. We […]]]></description>
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300. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Mars Missions</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
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302. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mars-sample-return/" rel="noopener">Mars Sample Return</a></li>
303. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/mars-2020-perseverance/" rel="noopener">Mars Perseverance Rover</a></li>
304. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/" rel="noopener">Mars Curiosity Rover</a></li>
305. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/maven/" rel="noopener">MAVEN</a></li>
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307. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/odyssey/" rel="noopener">Mars Odyssey</a></li>
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317. </div>
318. </div>
319. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
320. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
321. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
322. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A grayscale photo of a Martian landscape shows very rough, rocky, and cracked terrain extending from the foreground to a horizon line in the distance, across the middle of the frame." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/july/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04587_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804709647EDR_F1170840NCAM00288M_.JPG?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
323. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Left Navigation Camera onboard NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity on Sol 4,587 (2025-07-02 07:33:39 UTC).</div>
324. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
325. </figcaption></div>
326. </div>
327. </div>
328. <p>Written by Lucy Thompson, APXS Collaborator and Senior Research Scientist at the University of New Brunswick, Canada</p>
329. <p>Earth planning date: Wednesday, July 2, 2025</p>
330. <p>As we traverse the boxwork terrain, we are encountering a series of more resistant ridges/bedrock patches, and areas that are more rubbly and tend to form lower relief polygonal or trough-like features. We came into planning this morning in one of the trough-like features after another successful drive. The science team is interested in determining why we see these different geomorphological and erosional expressions. Is the rock that comprises the more resistant ridges and patches a different composition to the rock in the troughs and low relief areas? How do the rocks vary texturally? Might the resistant bedrock be an indicator of what we will encounter when we reach the large boxworks that we are driving towards?</p>
331. <p>We managed to find a large enough area of rock to safely brush (target – “Guapay”), after which we will place APXS and MAHLI to determine the composition and texture. ChemCam will also analyze a different rock target, “Taltal” for chemistry and texture, and we will also acquire an accompanying Mastcam documentation image. The resistant ridge that we are planning to drive towards (“Volcan Pena Blanca”) and eventually investigate will be captured in a Mastcam mosaic. ChemCam will utilize their long-distance imaging capabilities to image the “Mishe Mokwa” butte off to the southeast of our current location, which likely contains bedrock layers that we will eventually pass through as we continue our climb up Mount Sharp.</p>
332. <p>After a planned drive, taking us closer to the “Volcan Pena Blanca” ridge, MARDI will image the new terrain beneath the wheels, before we execute some atmospheric observations. Mastcam will make a tau observation to monitor dust in the atmosphere and Navcam will acquire a zenith movie. Standard DAN, RAD and REMS activities round out the plan.</p>
333. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
334. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-updates/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates" rel="noopener"><br />
335. <span class="line-height-alt-1">For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates</span><br />
336. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
337. </a></p></div>
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339. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-instruments/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments" rel="noopener"><br />
340. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Learn more about Curiosity’s science instruments</span><br />
341. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
342. </a></p></div>
343. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles">
344. <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
345. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
346. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
347. <h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2>
348. </div></div>
349. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
350. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
351. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4589-4592-setting-up-to-explore-volcan-pena-blanca/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
352. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
353. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
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355. </p></div>
356. </p></div>
357. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
358. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
359. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
360. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4589 – 4592: Setting up to explore Volcán Peña Blanca</h3>
361. </div>
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363. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
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365. <span>Article</span><br />
366. </span><br />
367. <span class=""><br />
368. 44 minutes ago </span>
369. </div>
370. </p></div>
371. <p> </a>
372. </div>
373. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
374. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4586-4587-straight-drive-strategic-science/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
375. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
376. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
377. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="512" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
378. </p></div>
379. </p></div>
380. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
381. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
382. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
383. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4586-4587: Straight Drive, Strategic Science</h3>
384. </div>
385. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
386. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
387. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
388. <span>Article</span><br />
389. </span><br />
390. <span class=""><br />
391. 6 days ago </span>
392. </div>
393. </p></div>
394. <p> </a>
395. </div>
396. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
397. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/an-update-from-the-2025-mars-2020-science-team-meeting/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
398. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
399. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
400. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="2856" height="2142" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2856&#038;h=2142&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2856&#038;h=2142&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2856w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=900&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1500&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2856px) 100vw, 2856px" /></figure>
401. </p></div>
402. </p></div>
403. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
404. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
405. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
406. <h3 class="related-article-title">An Update From the 2025 Mars 2020 Science Team Meeting</h3>
407. </div>
408. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
409. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
410. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
411. <span>Article</span><br />
412. </span><br />
413. <span class=""><br />
414. 6 days ago </span>
415. </div>
416. </p></div>
417. <p> </a>
418. </div>
419. </p></div>
420. </section></div>
421. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
422. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
423. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
424. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
425. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
426. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
427. </p></div>
428. </p></div>
429. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
430. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/3d-resources/mars/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
431. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
432. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
433. <div>
434. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
435. <span>Mars</span><br />
436. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
437. </p>
438. </p></div>
439. </p></div>
440. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1440" height="720" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1440&#038;h=720&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1440&#038;h=720&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/3d/resources/image/mars/preview.webp?w=1200&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" /></figure>
441. </p></div>
442. <p> </a><br />
443. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/resources/resource-packages/mars-resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
444. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
445. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
446. <div>
447. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
448. <span>Mars Resources</span><br />
449. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
450. </h3>
451. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this page for a curated collection of Mars resources.</p>
452. </p></div>
453. </p></div>
454. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1280" height="720" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=720&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=720&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/releases/2025/04/STScI-01JQ6NFS351FM041Z2XBFZXEVP.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></figure>
455. </p></div>
456. <p> </a><br />
457. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
458. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
459. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
460. <div>
461. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
462. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
463. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
464. </h3>
465. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
466. </p></div>
467. </p></div>
468. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
469. </p></div>
470. <p> </a><br />
471. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
472. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
473. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
474. <div>
475. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
476. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
477. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
478. </h3>
479. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
480. </p></div>
481. </p></div>
482. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
483. </p></div>
484. <p> </a>
485. </div>
486. </p></div>
487. </p></div></p>
488. ]]></content:encoded>
492. </item>
493. <item>
494. <title>Working in Space</title>
495. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/working-in-space/</link>
497. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
498. <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2025 18:57:50 +0000</pubDate>
499. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
500. <category><![CDATA[Jonny Kim]]></category>
501. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883939</guid>
502.  
503. <description><![CDATA[In this May 23, 2025, image, NASA astronaut Jonny Kim works inside the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft completing cargo operations before it undocked from the International Space Station&#8217;s Harmony module several hours later. Kim launched to the International Space Station on April 8, 2025; this is his first mission. See what Kim and other space [&#8230;]]]></description>
504. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="We look upward at an Asian man holding a silver tablet. He is wearing a gray t-shirt and green pants with a belt. He is halfway through a round opening. The inside of the craft he&#039;s working in is lit, but the rest of the room is dark." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 51%; object-position: 50% 51%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg 8256w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/iss073e0078643orig.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA; JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)/Takuya Onishi</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
505.  
506.  
507. <p>In this May 23, 2025, image, NASA astronaut <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/jonny-kim/">Jonny Kim</a> works inside the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft completing cargo operations before it undocked from the International Space Station&#8217;s Harmony module several hours later. Kim launched to the International Space Station on April 8, 2025; this is his first mission.</p>
508.  
509.  
510.  
511. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/spacestation/">See what Kim and other space station crew do aboard the orbital lab.</a></p>
512.  
513.  
514.  
515. <p><em>Image credit: NASA; JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)/Takuya Onishi</em></p>
516. ]]></content:encoded>
520. </item>
521. <item>
522. <title>NASA’s Hubble and Webb Telescopes Reveal Two Faces of a Star Cluster Duo</title>
523. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-and-webb-reveal-two-faces-of-star-cluster-duo/</link>
525. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
526. <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2025 14:58:41 +0000</pubDate>
527. <category><![CDATA[Hubble Space Telescope]]></category>
528. <category><![CDATA[James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)]]></category>
529. <category><![CDATA[Open Clusters]]></category>
530. <category><![CDATA[Star Clusters]]></category>
531. <category><![CDATA[Stars]]></category>
532. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
533. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-and-webb-reveal-two-faces-of-star-cluster-duo/</guid>
534.  
535. <description><![CDATA[A riotous expanse of gas, dust, and stars stake out the dazzling territory of a duo of star clusters in this combined image from NASA’s Hubble and Webb space telescopes. Open clusters NGC 460 and NGC 456 reside in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way. Open clusters consist of anywhere […]]]></description>
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632. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">3 min read</p>
633. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">NASA’s Hubble and Webb Telescopes Reveal Two Faces of a Star Cluster Duo</h1>
634. </div>
635. </div>
636. </div>
637. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
638. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
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640. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="7028" height="12499" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Bluish clouds of gas are wound through with red-glowing lanes and filaments of dust.. The clouds contain cavities filled with stars and many more stars are visible in the background and scattered throughout the clouds. The clouds are concentrated in the upper right and the lower middle of the image. Tiny background galaxies are also sprinkled throughout the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 7028w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=169&#038;h=301&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=768&#038;h=1366&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=576&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 576w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=864&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=1152&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1152w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=225&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 225w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=337&#038;h=599&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 337w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=506&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 506w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=675&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 675w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=2001&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 7028px) 100vw, 7028px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
641. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A vast network of stars, gas, and dust is strung among a duo of star clusters in this combined image from NASA’s Hubble and Webb space telescopes. Open clusters NGC 460 and NGC 456 reside in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way. This highly detailed 527 megapixel mosaic consists of 12 overlapping observations and includes both visible and infrared wavelengths. To view some of its incredible detail, download the 40.1 MB file and zoom in.</div>
642. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
643. </figcaption></div>
644. </div>
645. </div>
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647. <a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg" target="_blank" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true" aria-label="Download this image" rel="noopener"><br />
648. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Download this image</span><br />
649. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
650. </a></p></div>
651. <p>A riotous expanse of gas, dust, and stars stake out the dazzling territory of a duo of star clusters in this combined image from NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble</a> and <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" rel="noopener">Webb</a> space telescopes.</p>
652. <p>Open clusters NGC 460 and NGC 456 reside in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way. Open clusters consist of anywhere from a few dozen to a few thousand young stars loosely bound together by gravity. These particular clusters are part of an extensive complex of star clusters and nebulae that are likely linked to one another. As clouds of gas collapse, stars are born. These young, hot stars expel intense stellar winds that shape the nebulae around them, carving out the clouds and triggering other collapses, which in turn give rise to more stars.</p>
653. <p>In these images, Hubble’s view captures the glowing, ionized gas as stellar radiation blows “bubbles” in the clouds of gas and dust (blue), while Webb’s infrared vision highlights the clumps and delicate filamentary structures of dust (red). In Hubble images, dust is often seen silhouetted against and blocking light, but in Webb’s view, the dust – warmed by starlight – shines with its own infrared glow. This mixture of gas and dust between the universe’s stars is known as the interstellar medium.</p>
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661. <img decoding="async" slot="second" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg" alt=""><br />
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674. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-before-image toggle-view-active"><img decoding="async" width="7028" height="12499" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Bluish-white, bubble-shaped clouds of gas dominate this image, sprinkled with clusters of stars. Plentiful stars and some background galaxies are visible throughout the image. The gas clouds are concentrated in the upper right and lower middle of the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 7028w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=169&#038;h=301&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=768&#038;h=1366&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=576&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 576w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=864&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=1152&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1152w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=225&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 225w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=337&#038;h=599&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 337w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=506&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 506w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=675&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 675w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=2001&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 7028px) 100vw, 7028px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
675. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This Hubble image shows a duo of open clusters, NGC 460 and NGC 456. The nebulae’s glowing gas, ionized by the radiation of nearby stars, is distinct in Hubble’s view.</div>
676. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
677. </figcaption></div>
678. <p> <!-- if image_2 is active the show image_2 --></p>
679. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
680. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-after-image"><img decoding="async" width="7028" height="12499" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Tendrils and filaments of dust glow red in this infrared image. The region is bright with myriad stars, star clusters, and background galaxies. The dust is concentrated in the upper right and middle of the image, as well as the lower left." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 7028w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=169&#038;h=301&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=768&#038;h=1366&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=576&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 576w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=864&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=1152&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1152w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=225&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 225w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=337&#038;h=599&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 337w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=506&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 506w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=675&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 675w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=2001&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 7028px) 100vw, 7028px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
681. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">In Webb’s infrared view of open clusters NGC 460 and NGC 456, dusty areas are visible as bright structures glowing red. Many background galaxies are visible, their infrared light passing through the region’s obscuring clouds of gas and dust.</div>
682. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
683. </figcaption></div>
684. <div class="toggle-button-container padding-1">
685. <button class="toggle-view-before-button toggle-comparison-view-active margin-right-1px"><span class="toggle-view-before-label">Hubble (ACS)</span></button><button class="toggle-view-after-button margin-left-1px"><span class="toggle-view-after-label">Webb (NIRCAM)</span></button>
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691. <div class="grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4">
692. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
693. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="7028" height="12499" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Bluish-white, bubble-shaped clouds of gas dominate this image, sprinkled with clusters of stars. Plentiful stars and some background galaxies are visible throughout the image. The gas clouds are concentrated in the upper right and lower middle of the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 7028w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=169&#038;h=301&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=768&#038;h=1366&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=576&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 576w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=864&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=1152&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1152w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=225&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 225w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=337&#038;h=599&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 337w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=506&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 506w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=675&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 675w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=2001&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 7028px) 100vw, 7028px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
694. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This Hubble image shows a duo of open clusters, NGC 460 and NGC 456. The nebulae’s glowing gas, ionized by the radiation of nearby stars, is distinct in Hubble’s view.</div>
695. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
696. </figcaption></div>
697. </p></div>
698. <div class="bg-spacesuit-white width-2px"></div>
699. <div class="grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4">
700. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
701. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="7028" height="12499" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Tendrils and filaments of dust glow red in this infrared image. The region is bright with myriad stars, star clusters, and background galaxies. The dust is concentrated in the upper right and middle of the image, as well as the lower left." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=7028&#038;h=12499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 7028w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=169&#038;h=301&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 169w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=768&#038;h=1366&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=576&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 576w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=864&#038;h=1537&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=1152&#038;h=2049&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1152w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=225&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 225w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=337&#038;h=599&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 337w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=506&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 506w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=675&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 675w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=2001&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 7028px) 100vw, 7028px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
702. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">In Webb’s infrared view of open clusters NGC 460 and NGC 456, dusty areas are visible as bright structures glowing red. Many background galaxies are visible, their infrared light passing through the region’s obscuring clouds of gas and dust.</div>
703. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
704. </figcaption></div>
705. </p></div>
706. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before">
707. <span class="curtain-view-label"><br />
708. Hubble (ACS) </span>
709. </div>
710. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after">
711. <span class="curtain-view-label"><br />
712. Webb (NIRCAM) </span>
713. </div>
714. </p></div>
715. </p></div>
716. <p> <!-- Under image content --></p>
717. <div class="grid-row flex-row title-row padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-2">
718. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6">
719. <h2 class="before-after-title margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
720. Hubble and Webb view a duo of open star clusters </h2>
721. </p></div>
722. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 button-row margin-bottom-3 tablet:margin-bottom-0">
723. <!-- Update onClick handlers --><br />
724. <button
725. aria-label="Curtain view"
726. class="comparison-view curtain-view-button comparison-view-active padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
727. >Curtain</button><button
728. aria-label="Toggle view"
729. class="comparison-view toggle-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
730. >Toggle</button><button
731. aria-label="Two-Up view"
732. class="comparison-view two-up-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
733. >2-Up</button> </div>
734. </p></div>
735. </p></div>
736. <p> <!-- Image detail area --></p>
737. <div class="image-details-panel padding-x-0">
738. <div class="before-after-details-divider padding-y-2">
739. <!-- OnClick handleImageDetailsClick --><button class="image-details-toggle-button"><span>Image Details</span><!-- style - if showImageDetails, then transform rotate(180deg), else none --><svg aria-hidden="true" width="14" height="15" viewBox="0 0 14 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="7" cy="7.5" r="6.5" stroke="#58585B" /><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.0002 8.23854L9.26318 5.95996L9.80019 6.50067L7.0002 9.31996L4.2002 6.50067L4.73721 5.95996L7.0002 8.23854Z" fill="#58585B" /></svg></button>
740. </div>
741. <p> <!-- if showImageDetails, then display --></p>
742. <div id="image-details" class=" padding-x-0">
743. <div class="grid-row">
744. <div class="grid-col flex-2">
745. <div class="image-details-wrapper">
746. Slide to switch between Hubble and Web images. Hubble’s view captures visible light and some infrared wavelengths, while Webb’s view is exclusively infrared. The nebulae’s glowing gas, ionized by the radiation of nearby stars, is distinct in Hubble’s view. Dusty areas that appear dark in the Hubble image are visible as bright structures in the Webb image, and more background galaxies are visible since infrared light from fainter and farther galaxies can pass through the obscuring clouds of gas and dust. </div>
747. <p> <!-- File List --></p>
748. <div class="downloads-wrapper padding-3 margin-y-4">
749. <h3 class="image-details-downloads-heading padding-top-0 padding-bottom-2">
750. Downloads </h3>
751. <div class="hds-file-list-row">
752. <div class="hds-list-thumbnail hds-file-list-thumbnail"></div>
753. <div class="hds-list-details">
754. <div class="hds-list-name hds-file-list-name">
755. <p>Hubble </p>
756. </p></div>
757. <div class="hds-list-meta-item hds-file-list-filetype">
758. <p>JPEG</p>
759. <p>(47 MB)</p>
760. </p></div>
761. <div class="hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download">
762. <a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/HUbble_NGC460_NGC456_mosaic_ACS_FINAL.jpg" target="_blank" download rel="noopener"><svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="16" cy="16.0001" r="16" fill="#1C67E3"/><path d="M15.2357 8.00007L15.2357 16.4829L11.9504 13.4078L10.8801 14.4094L16.0001 19.2001L21.1201 14.4094L20.0499 13.4078L16.7645 16.4829L16.7645 8.00007L15.2357 8.00007Z" fill="white"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.6 20.8001V18.4001H8V22.4001H24V18.4001H22.4V20.8001H9.6Z" fill="white"/></svg><br />
763. </a>
764. </div>
765. </p></div>
766. <div class="hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download"></div>
767. </p></div>
768. <div class="hds-file-list-row">
769. <div class="hds-list-thumbnail hds-file-list-thumbnail"></div>
770. <div class="hds-list-details">
771. <div class="hds-list-name hds-file-list-name">
772. <p>Webb</p>
773. </p></div>
774. <div class="hds-list-meta-item hds-file-list-filetype">
775. <p>JPEG</p>
776. <p>(35 MB)</p>
777. </p></div>
778. <div class="hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download">
779. <a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Webb_NGC460_NGC456_NIRCAM_FINAL_new.jpg" target="_blank" download rel="noopener"><svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="16" cy="16.0001" r="16" fill="#1C67E3"/><path d="M15.2357 8.00007L15.2357 16.4829L11.9504 13.4078L10.8801 14.4094L16.0001 19.2001L21.1201 14.4094L20.0499 13.4078L16.7645 16.4829L16.7645 8.00007L15.2357 8.00007Z" fill="white"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.6 20.8001V18.4001H8V22.4001H24V18.4001H22.4V20.8001H9.6Z" fill="white"/></svg><br />
780. </a>
781. </div>
782. </p></div>
783. <div class="hds-list-cta hds-file-list-download"></div>
784. </p></div>
785. </p></div>
786. </p></div>
787. </p></div>
788. </p></div>
789. </p></div>
790. </p></div>
791. </p></div>
792. <p>The nodules visible in these images are scenes of active star formation, with stars ranging from just one to 10 million years old. In contrast, our Sun is 4.5 billion years old. The region that holds these clusters, known as the N83-84-85 complex, is home to multiple, rare O-type stars, hot and extremely massive stars that burn hydrogen like our Sun. Astronomers estimate there are only around 20,000 O-type stars among the approximately 400 billion stars in the Milky Way.</p>
793. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
794. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
795. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
796. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_HST_Webb_2%20new.jpg?w=3306&#038;h=2556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="3306" height="2556" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_HST_Webb_2%20new.jpg?w=3306&#038;h=2556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="On the left is a Hubble image of NGC 460, showing bluish bubbles of gas and stars. On the right is a Webb telescope image of NGC 460, showing red filaments of dust and stars." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
797. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Clouds of ionized gas dominate open cluster NGC 460 in the Hubble image (left), while tendrils of dust are on display in the Webb image (right). Together, the two images provide a more comprehensive look at the region.</div>
798. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
799. </figcaption></div>
800. </div>
801. </div>
802. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
803. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
804. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
805. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=3306&#038;h=2556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="3306" height="2556" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=3306&#038;h=2556&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="On the left is a Hubble image of NGC 460, a round,bubble-shaped bluish cloud of gas and dust. On the right is a Webb telescope image of NGC 460, showing a cavern-like outline of red filaments of dust. Both are studded with stars." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=3306&#038;h=2556&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3306w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=300&#038;h=232&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=768&#038;h=594&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=792&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1188&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1583&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=400&#038;h=309&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=600&#038;h=464&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=900&#038;h=696&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=928&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/NGC456_HST_Webb_2.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1546&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 3306px) 100vw, 3306px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
806. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The Hubble image of NGC 456 (left) shows a puffy, bluish cloud of ionized gas, while the Webb image (right) displays the same cluster’s cavern-like outline of dust. </div>
807. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and C. Lindberg (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
808. </figcaption></div>
809. </div>
810. </div>
811. <p>The Small Magellanic Cloud is of great interest to researchers because it is less enriched in metals than the Milky Way. Astronomers call all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium – that is, with more than two protons in the atom’s nucleus – “metals.”  This state mimics conditions in the early universe, so the Small Magellanic Cloud provides a relatively nearby laboratory to explore theories about star formation and the interstellar medium at early stages of cosmic history. With these observations of NGC 460 and NGC 456, researchers intend to study how gas flows in the region converge or divide; refine the collision history between the Small Magellanic Cloud and its fellow dwarf galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud; examine how bursts of star formation occur in such gravitational interactions between galaxies; and better understand the interstellar medium.</p>
812. <h1 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-explore-more">Explore More</h1>
813. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
814. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/universe-uncovered/hubble-star-clusters/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Hubble&#039;s Star Clusters" rel="noopener"><br />
815. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Hubble&#8217;s Star Clusters</span><br />
816. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
817. </a></p></div>
818. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
819. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/science-highlights/exploring-the-birth-of-stars/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Exploring the Birth of Stars" rel="noopener"><br />
820. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Exploring the Birth of Stars</span><br />
821. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
822. </a></p></div>
823. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
824. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/universe-uncovered/hubble-nebulae/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Hubble&#039;s Nebulae" rel="noopener"><br />
825. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Hubble&#8217;s Nebulae</span><br />
826. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
827. </a></p></div>
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833. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://facebook.com/NASAHubble" aria-label="Go to @NASAHubble on facebook" rel="noopener">@NASAHubble</a> </div>
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840. </p></div>
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844. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
845. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASAHubble" aria-label="Go to @NASAHubble on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASAHubble</a> </div>
846. </p></div>
847. </p></div>
848. <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">Media Contact</span>:</strong></p>
849. <p><strong>Claire Andreoli</strong><br /><strong>NASA’s </strong><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><strong>Goddard Space Flight Center</strong></a>, <strong>Greenbelt, MD</strong><br /><a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>claire.andreoli@nasa.gov</strong></a></p>
850. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
851. <section class="padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
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855. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
856. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
857. </p></div>
858. <div class="padding-bottom-2">
859. <ul class="social-icons social-icons-round">
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861. <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=NASA%E2%80%99s%20Hubble%20and%20Webb%20Telescopes%20Reveal%20Two%20Faces%20of%20a%20Star%20Cluster%20Duo&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fhubble%2Fnasas-hubble-and-webb-reveal-two-faces-of-star-cluster-duo%2F" aria-label="Share on X."><br />
862. <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg><br />
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864. </li>
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866. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fhubble%2Fnasas-hubble-and-webb-reveal-two-faces-of-star-cluster-duo%2F" aria-label="Share on Facebook." rel="noopener"><br />
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874. </li>
875. <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss">
876. <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Subscribe to RSS feed."><br />
877. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg><br />
878. </a>
879. </li>
880. </ul></div>
881. </p></div>
882. </p></div>
883. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
884. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
885. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
886. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
887. </p></div>
888. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
889. <div class="grid-col-4">
890. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
891. </p></div>
892. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 07, 2025</div>
893. </p></div>
894. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
895. <div class="grid-col-4">
896. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
897. </div>
898. <div class="grid-col-8">Andrea Gianopoulos</div>
899. </div>
900. <div class="grid-row">
901. <div class="grid-col-4">
902. <div class="subheading">Location</div>
903. </div>
904. <div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</span></a></div>
905. </div></div>
906. </p></div>
907. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
908. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
909. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
910. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
911. </div>
912. <ul class="article-tags">
913. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
914. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb" rel="noopener">James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)</a></li>
915. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/open-clusters/" rel="noopener">Open Clusters</a></li>
916. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/" rel="noopener">Star Clusters</a></li>
917. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" rel="noopener">Stars</a></li>
918. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
919. </ul>
920. </div>
921. </div></div>
922. </section></div>
923. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
924. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
925. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
926. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
927. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
928. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From Hubble</h2>
929. </p></div>
930. </p></div>
931. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
932. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
933. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
934. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
935. <div>
936. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
937. <span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><br />
938. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
939. </h3>
940. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.</p>
941. </p></div>
942. </p></div>
943. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1512" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?w=1512" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg 4031w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=295,300 295w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=768,780 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1008,1024 1008w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1512,1536 1512w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=2016,2048 2016w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=394,400 394w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=591,600 591w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=886,900 886w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1181,1200 1181w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1969,2000 1969w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px" /></figure>
944. </p></div>
945. <p> </a><br />
946. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/hubbles-cosmic-adventure/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
947. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
948. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
949. <div>
950. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
951. <span>Hubble’s Cosmic Adventure</span><br />
952. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
953. </p>
954. </p></div>
955. </p></div>
956. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1420" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg 4012w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=300,277 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=768,710 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1024,947 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1536,1420 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2048,1893 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=400,370 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=600,555 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=900,832 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1200,1109 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2000,1849 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
957. </p></div>
958. <p> </a><br />
959. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubbles-night-sky-challenge/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
960. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
961. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
962. <div>
963. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
964. <span>Hubble’s Night Sky Challenge</span><br />
965. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
966. </p>
967. </p></div>
968. </p></div>
969. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="375" height="350" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=300&#038;h=280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px" /></figure>
970. </p></div>
971. <p> </a><br />
972. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/hubbles-35th-anniversary/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
973. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
974. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
975. <div>
976. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
977. <span>Hubble’s 35th Anniversary</span><br />
978. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
979. </p>
980. </p></div>
981. </p></div>
982. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg 6774w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
983. </p></div>
984. <p> </a>
985. </div>
986. </p></div>
987. </p></div></p>
988. ]]></content:encoded>
992. </item>
993. <item>
994. <title>Aaisha Ali: From Marine Biology to the Artemis Control Room </title>
995. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/aaisha-ali-from-marine-biology-to-the-artemis-control-room/</link>
997. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Sumer Loggins]]></dc:creator>
998. <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jul 2025 10:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
999. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
1000. <category><![CDATA[Artemis]]></category>
1001. <category><![CDATA[Artemis 1]]></category>
1002. <category><![CDATA[Artemis 2]]></category>
1003. <category><![CDATA[Artemis 3]]></category>
1004. <category><![CDATA[People of Johnson]]></category>
1005. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=877625</guid>
1006.  
1007. <description><![CDATA[As humanity prepares to return to the lunar surface, Aaisha Ali is behind the scenes ensuring mission readiness for astronauts set to orbit the Moon during Artemis II.&#160; Ali is the Artemis ground control flight lead at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. She makes sure her team has the resources needed for the next [&#8230;]]]></description>
1008. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
1009. <p>As humanity prepares to return to the lunar surface, Aaisha Ali is behind the scenes ensuring mission readiness for astronauts set to orbit the Moon during Artemis II.&nbsp;</p>
1010.  
1011.  
1012.  
1013. <p>Ali is the Artemis ground control flight lead at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. She makes sure her team has the resources needed for the next giant leap to the Moon and beyond.&nbsp;</p>
1014.  
1015.  
1016. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A woman sits at a desk and poses in front of three monitors. Multiple monitors display live data and video of astronauts on the International Space Station. An American flag and NASA mission patches are visible on the wall behind her." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg 5323w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Aaisha Ali on console in the International Space Station Flight Control Room at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. </div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Robert Markowitz</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1017.  
1018. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
1019. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
1020. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
1021. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
1022. </div>
1023. <div class="blockquote-content">
1024. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
1025. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">My passion has always been science. I started by exploring the ocean, and now I get to help explore the stars.</span></h2>
1026. </div>
1027. <div class="display-flex">
1028. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Aaisha Ali" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
1029. <div class="grid-col-11">
1030. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Aaisha Ali</p>
1031. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">Artemis Ground Control Flight Lead</p>
1032. </div>
1033. </div>
1034. </div>
1035. </div>
1036. </div></div>
1037.  
1038.  
1039. <p>Ali received a bachelor’s degree in biology from Texas A&amp;M University at Galveston before beginning a career as a marine biologist. Her curiosity about science and communication eventually led her from studying marine life to sharing NASA’s mission with the public. With a robust skill set that includes public relations, media relations, and strategic communications, she went on to work at Space Center Houston and later at Johnson on the protocol and digital imagery teams.</p>
1040.  
1041.  
1042.  
1043. <p>Today, Ali leads the ground control team supporting Artemis II, ensuring that systems, simulations, and procedures are ready for the mission. Her role includes developing flight rules, finalizing operations plans and leading training sessions – known as “network sims” – that prepare her team to respond quickly and effectively.&nbsp;</p>
1044.  
1045.  
1046.  
1047. <p>“Because I’ve had a multifaceted career path, it has given me a different outlook,” she said. “Diversity of mindsets helps us approach problems. Sometimes a different angle is exactly what we need.”&nbsp;</p>
1048.  
1049.  
1050. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1977" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 31%; object-position: 51% 31%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg 3480w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=300,290 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=768,742 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=1024,989 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=1536,1483 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=2048,1977 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=400,386 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=600,579 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=900,869 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=1200,1159 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-family.jpg?resize=2000,1931 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Aaisha Ali, right, with her two siblings. </div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1051.  
1052.  
1053. <p>Her perspective was also shaped by visits to her grandmother in the Caribbean as a child. “She lived in the tropical forest in a small village in Trinidad,” Ali said. “I was fortunate enough to spend summers on the island and experience a different way of life, which has helped me grow into the person I am today.”&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
1054.  
1055.  
1056.  
1057. <p>Communication, she explained, is just as critical as technical expertise. “When we report to the flight director, we are the experts in our system. But we have to be clear and concise. You don’t get a lot of time on the flight loop to explain.”&nbsp;</p>
1058.  
1059.  
1060.  
1061. <p>That clarity, humility, and sense of teamwork are values Ali says have shaped her journey.&nbsp;</p>
1062.  
1063.  
1064. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1360" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Eight people sit at a long table in front of their computers in a large facility. An airplane is parked behind them." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 42% 43%; object-position: 42% 43%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg 4288w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=768,510 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=1024,680 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=1536,1020 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=2048,1360 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=900,598 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=1200,797 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-highres.jpg?resize=2000,1328 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Aaisha Ali participates in a public affairs event at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston in 2005.</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1065.  
1066. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
1067. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
1068. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
1069. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
1070. </div>
1071. <div class="blockquote-content">
1072. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
1073. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">We don’t do it by ourselves. Everyone — from our engineers to custodial staff to cafeteria workers — plays a role in getting us to the Moon. NASA is for the world. And it takes all of us.</span></h2>
1074. </div>
1075. <div class="display-flex">
1076. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Aaisha ali" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e064940.jpg?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
1077. <div class="grid-col-11">
1078. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Aaisha ali</p>
1079. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">Artemis Ground Control Flight Lead</p>
1080. </div>
1081. </div>
1082. </div>
1083. </div>
1084. </div></div>
1085.  
1086.  
1087. <p>Looking ahead, Ali is especially passionate about inspiring the Artemis Generation — those who will one day explore the Moon and Mars. She often shares advice with her nieces and nephews, including one determined nephew who has dreamed of becoming an astronaut since age 7.&nbsp;</p>
1088.  
1089.  
1090.  
1091. <p>“Do what you love, and NASA will find a place for you,” she said. “NASA is a big place. If you love the law, we have lawyers. If you love art, science, or technology, there’s a place for you. Passion is what we’re looking for.”&nbsp;</p>
1092.  
1093.  
1094. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="2048" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?w=1536" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A woman as Disney World wearing a" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png 2448w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=225,300 225w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=768,1024 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=1536,2048 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=300,400 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=450,600 450w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=675,900 675w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=900,1200 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-disney.png?resize=1500,2000 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Aaisha Ali at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida.  </div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1095.  
1096.  
1097. <p>In her free time, Ali enjoys photography and connecting with nature by camping and visiting national parks. She also loves planning trips to Walt Disney World, meeting new people, experiencing different cultures, and learning new things.&nbsp;</p>
1098.  
1099.  
1100.  
1101. <p>Even as her days are packed with simulations and mission prep, Ali knows landing astronauts on the lunar surface for Artemis III is not far behind.&nbsp;</p>
1102.  
1103.  
1104.  
1105. <p>“There’s a lot of uphill left to climb,” she said. “But we’re ready.”&nbsp;</p>
1106.  
1107.  
1108. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
1109. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
1110. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
1111. </div>
1112. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
1113. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1114. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/going-the-distance-lisa-pace-leads-exploration-development-integration-at-johnson/" class="color-carbon-black">
1115. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1116. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1117. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg 1980w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=768,706 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=1024,942 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=1536,1413 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=400,368 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=600,552 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=900,828 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/l-pace-sm.jpg?resize=1200,1104 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1118. </div>
1119. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1120. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1121. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Going the Distance: Lisa Pace Leads Exploration Development Integration at Johnson</h3></div>
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1123. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1124. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1125. <span>Article</span>
1126. </span>
1127. <span class="">
1128. 1 week ago </span>
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1131. </a>
1132. </div>
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1134. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/heather-cowardin-safeguards-the-future-of-space-exploration/" class="color-carbon-black">
1135. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1136. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1137. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?w=225" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg 3458w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=225,300 225w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=768,1024 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=1536,2048 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=300,400 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=450,600 450w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=675,900 675w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=900,1200 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/jsc2019e058912-edit.jpg?resize=1500,2000 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px" /></figure> </div>
1138. </div>
1139. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1140. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div>
1141. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Heather Cowardin Safeguards the Future of Space Exploration  </h3></div>
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1143. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
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1145. <span>Article</span>
1146. </span>
1147. <span class="">
1148. 2 weeks ago </span>
1149. </div>
1150. </div>
1151. </a>
1152. </div>
1153. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1154. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/i-am-artemis/i-am-artemis-patrick-junen/" class="color-carbon-black">
1155. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1156. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1157. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg 6933w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=300,184 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=768,470 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=1024,627 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=1536,940 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=2048,1254 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=400,245 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=600,367 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=900,551 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=1200,735 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/dsc08787.jpg?resize=2000,1224 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1158. </div>
1159. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1160. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
1161. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">I Am Artemis: Patrick Junen</h3></div>
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1165. <span>Article</span>
1166. </span>
1167. <span class="">
1168. 2 weeks ago </span>
1169. </div>
1170. </div>
1171. </a>
1172. </div>
1173. </div>
1174. </section>
1175. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1179. </item>
1180. <item>
1181. <title>NASA Remembers Former Johnson Director Jefferson Howell</title>
1182. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-remembers-former-johnson-director-jefferson-howell/</link>
1184. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Wendy K. Avedisian]]></dc:creator>
1185. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 21:11:48 +0000</pubDate>
1186. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
1187. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Leadership]]></category>
1188. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=884342</guid>
1189.  
1190. <description><![CDATA[July 3, 2025 Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr., former director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, died July 2, in Bee Cave, Texas. He was 85 years old. Howell was a champion of the construction of the International Space Station, working on a deadline to complete the orbiting lab by 2004. He oversaw four space [&#8230;]]]></description>
1191. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1728" height="1152" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?w=1728" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="NASA Director Howell giving a speech" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 48% 26%; object-position: 48% 26%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg 1728w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/howell-speech-pic-7-3-25.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Former Johnson Director Jefferson Howell</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1192.  
1193.  
1194. <p>July 3, 2025</p>
1195.  
1196.  
1197.  
1198. <p>Jefferson Davis Howell, Jr., former director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, died July 2, in Bee Cave, Texas. He was 85 years old.</p>
1199.  
1200.  
1201.  
1202. <p>Howell was a champion of the construction of the International Space Station, working on a deadline to complete the orbiting lab by 2004. He oversaw four space shuttle crews delivering equipment and hardware to reach that goal. He also served as director during a pivotal moment for the agency: the loss of STS-107 and the crew of space shuttle Columbia. He made it his personal responsibility to meet with the families, look after them, and attend memorial services, all while keeping the families informed of the accident investigation as it unfolded.</p>
1203.  
1204.  
1205.  
1206. <p>“Gen. Howell led NASA Johnson through one of the most difficult chapters in our history, following the loss of Columbia and her crew,” said acting associate administrator Vanessa Wyche. “He brought strength and steady direction, guiding the workforce with clarity and compassion. He cared deeply for the people behind the mission and shared his leadership skills generously with the team. We extend our heartfelt condolences to his family and all who knew and loved him.”</p>
1207.  
1208.  
1209.  
1210. <p>At the time of his selection as director, he was serving as senior vice president with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) as the program manager for the safety, reliability, and quality assurance contract at Johnson. Following the accident, he made it his mission to improve the relationship between the civil servant and contractor workforce. He left his position and the agency, in October 2005, shortly after the Return-to-Flight mission of STS-114.</p>
1211.  
1212.  
1213.  
1214. <p>“General Howell stepped into leadership at Johnson during a pivotal time, as the International Space Station was just beginning to take shape. He led and supported NASA’s successes not only in space but here on the ground — helping to strengthen the center’s culture and offering guidance through both triumph and tragedy,” said Steve Koerner, Johnson Space Center’s acting director. “On behalf of NASA’s Johnson Space Center, we offer our deepest sympathies to his family, friends, and all those who had the privilege of working alongside him. The impact of his legacy will continue to shape Johnson for decades to come.”</p>
1215.  
1216.  
1217.  
1218. <p>The Victoria, Texas, native was a retired lieutenant general in the U.S. Marine Corps with a decorated military career prior to his service at NASA. He flew more than 300 combat missions in Vietnam and Thailand.</p>
1219.  
1220.  
1221.  
1222. <p>Howell is survived by his wife Janel and two children. A tree dedication will be held at NASA Johnson’s memorial grove in the coming year.</p>
1223.  
1224.  
1225.  
1226. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
1227.  
1228.  
1229.  
1230. <p>Chelsey Ballarte</p>
1231.  
1232.  
1233.  
1234. <p>Johnson Space Center, Houston</p>
1235.  
1236.  
1237.  
1238. <p>281-483-5111</p>
1239.  
1240.  
1241.  
1242. <p><a href="mailto:chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov">chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov</a></p>
1243. ]]></content:encoded>
1247. </item>
1248. <item>
1249. <title>NASA Mission Monitoring Air Quality from Space Extended </title>
1250. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/missions/tempo/nasa-mission-monitoring-air-quality-from-space-extended/</link>
1252. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Charles G. Hatfield]]></dc:creator>
1253. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 20:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
1254. <category><![CDATA[Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)]]></category>
1255. <category><![CDATA[Earth]]></category>
1256. <category><![CDATA[Earth Science]]></category>
1257. <category><![CDATA[Earth Science Division]]></category>
1258. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
1259. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
1260. <category><![CDATA[Missions]]></category>
1261. <category><![CDATA[Science Mission Directorate]]></category>
1262. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=884165</guid>
1263.  
1264. <description><![CDATA[Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended [&#8230;]]]></description>
1265. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">4 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
1266.  
1267.  
1268. <p>Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended through at least September 2026. The TEMPO mission is NASA’s first to use a spectrometer to gather hourly air quality data continuously over North America during daytime hours. It can see details down to just a few square miles, a significant advancement over previous satellites.</p>
1269.  
1270.  
1271.  
1272. <p>“NASA satellites have a long history of missions lasting well beyond the primary mission timeline. While TEMPO has completed its primary mission, the life for TEMPO is far from over,” said Laura Judd, research physical scientist and TEMPO science team member at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “It is a big jump going from once-daily images prior to this mission to hourly data. We are continually learning how to use this data to interpret how emissions change over time and how to track anomalous events, such as smoggy days in cities or the transport of wildfire smoke.”&nbsp;</p>
1273.  
1274.  
1275. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO_Houston_08022024" id="nasa-plus-l7IMf" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO_Houston_08022024"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
1276. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>By measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO), TEMPO can derive the presence of near-surface ozone. On Aug. 2, 2024 over Houston, TEMPO observed exceptionally high ozone levels in the area. On the left, NO2 builds up in the atmosphere over the city and over the Houston Ship Channel.  On the right, formaldehyde levels are seen reaching a peak in the early afternoon. Formaldehyde is largely formed through the oxidation of hydrocarbons, an ingredient of ozone production, such as those that can be emitted by petrochemical facilities found in the Houston Ship Channel.  </div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
1277.  
1278.  
1279. <p>When air quality is altered by smog, wildfire smoke, dust, or emissions from vehicle traffic and power plants, TEMPO detects the trace gases that come with those effects. These include nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere.</p>
1280.  
1281.  
1282.  
1283. <p>“A major breakthrough during the primary mission has been the successful test of data delivery in under three hours with the help of NASA’s <a href="https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/about/nasa-support-snwg" rel="noopener">Satellite Needs Working Group</a>. This information empowers decision-makers and first responders to issue timely air quality warnings and help the public reduce outdoor exposure during times of higher pollution,” said Hazem Mahmoud, lead data scientist at <a href="https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/" data-type="link" data-id="https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Atmospheric Science Data Center</a> located at Langley Research Center.</p>
1284.  
1285.  
1286. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
1287. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
1288. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
1289. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
1290. </div>
1291. <div class="blockquote-content">
1292. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
1293. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">&#8230;the substantial demand for TEMPO&#039;s data underscores its critical role&#8230;</span></h2>
1294. </div>
1295. <div class="display-flex">
1296. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="hazem mahmoud" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/hazem-mahmoud@2x.jpg?resize=200,200 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
1297. <div class="grid-col-11">
1298. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">hazem mahmoud</p>
1299. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">NASA Data Scientist</p>
1300. </div>
1301. </div>
1302. </div>
1303. </div>
1304. </div></div>
1305.  
1306.  
1307. <p>TEMPO data is archived and distributed freely through the Atmospheric Science Data Center. “The TEMPO mission has set a groundbreaking record as the first mission to surpass two petabytes, or 2 million gigabytes, of data downloads within a single year,” said Mahmoud. “With over 800 unique users, the substantial demand for TEMPO&#8217;s data underscores its critical role and the immense value it provides to the scientific community and beyond.” Air quality forecasters, atmospheric scientists, and health researchers make up the bulk of the data users so far.</p>
1308.  
1309.  
1310. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO Dust Data 04142025" id="nasa-plus-70AmZ" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO Dust Data 04142025"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-dust-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
1311. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>On April 14,  strong winds triggered the formation of a huge dust storm in the U.S. central plains and fueled the ignition of grassland fires in Oklahoma. On the left, the NO2 plumes originating from the grassland fires are tracked hour-by-hour by TEMPO. Smoke can be discerned from dust as a source since dust is not a source of NO2. The animation on the right shows the ultraviolet (UV) aerosol index, which indicates particulates in the atmosphere that absorb UV light, such as dust and smoke. </div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
1312.  
1313.  
1314. <p>The TEMPO mission is a collaboration between NASA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, whose Center for Astrophysics Harvard &amp; Smithsonian&nbsp;oversees daily operations of the TEMPO instrument and produces data products through its Instrument Operations Center.</p>
1315.  
1316.  
1317.  
1318. <p>Datasets from TEMPO will be expanded through collaborations with partner agencies like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which is deriving aerosol products that can distinguish between smoke and dust particles and offer insights into their altitude and concentration.</p>
1319.  
1320.  
1321. <div id="" class="width-full maxw-full margin-left-auto margin-right-auto hds-media-align-inline hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-video"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full flex-column"><div class="hds-video-container width-full embed-container"><video title="TEMPO Soil Data 05052025" id="nasa-plus-yG7pv" class="video-js video-player vjs-fluid width-full" data-setup='{"controls":true,"preload":"auto","plugins":{"mux":{"debug":false,"data":{"env_key":"91nns8oppqdfqc44lgo4b1gni","player_name":"www.nasa.gov Player","video_name":"TEMPO Soil Data 05052025"}}}}'  ><source src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-soil-emission-final.mp4" type="video/mp4"><p class="vjs-no-js">To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that
1322. <a href="https://videojs.com/html5-video-support/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">supports HTML5 video</a></p></video></div></div><div class="hds-media-caption hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0"><div>On May 5, TEMPO measured NO2 emissions over the Twin Cities in the center of Minnesota during morning rush hour. The NO2 increases seen mid-day through the early evening hours are illustrated by the red and black shaded areas at the Red River Valley along the North Dakota state line. These levels are driven by emissions from the soils in agriculturally rich areas. Agricultural soil emissions are influenced by environmental factors like temperature and moisture as well as fertilizer application. Small fires and enhancements from mining activities can also be seen popping up across the region through the afternoon.</div></div><div class="hds-credits"><div>Trent Schindler/NASA&#039;s Scientific Visualization Studio</div></div></div></div>
1323.  
1324.  
1325. <p>“These datasets are being used to inform the public of rush-hour pollution, air quality alerts, and the movement of smoke from forest fires,” said Xiong Liu, TEMPO’s principal investigator at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard &amp; Smithsonian. &#8220;The library will soon grow with the important addition of aerosol products. Users will be able to use these expanded TEMPO products for air quality monitoring, improving forecast models, deriving pollutant amounts in emissions and many other science applications.”</p>
1326.  
1327.  
1328. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1538" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A map of North America shows several wide swaths of purple illustrating smoke in the atmosphere as measured by NASA&#039;s TEMPO instrument during wildfires in Manitoba from June 2, 2025." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 42% 49%; object-position: 42% 49%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=300,240 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=768,615 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1024,820 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1536,1230 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=400,320 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=600,481 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=900,721 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-adp-localrun-saai-20250602-scan08-1614-1707.png?resize=1200,961 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The TEMPO mission detects and highlights movement of smoke originating from fires burning in Manitoba on June 2. Seen in purple hues are observations made by TEMPO in the ultraviolet spectrum compared to Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) on NOAA&#8217;s GOES-R series of weather satellites that do not have the needed spectral coverage. The NOAA GOES-R data paired with NASA’s TEMPO data enhance state and local agencies’ ability to provide near-real-time smoke and dust impacts in local air quality forecasts.</div><div class="hds-credits">NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1329.  
1330.  
1331. <p>“The TEMPO data validation has truly been a community effort with over 20 agencies at the federal and international level, as well as a community of over 200 scientists at research and academic institutions,” Judd added. “I look forward to seeing how TEMPO data will help close knowledge gaps about the timing, sources, and evolution of air pollution from this unprecedented space-based view.”</p>
1332.  
1333.  
1334.  
1335. <p>An agency review will take place in the fall to assess TEMPO’s achievements and extended mission goals and identify lessons learned that can be applied to future missions.</p>
1336.  
1337.  
1338.  
1339. <p>The TEMPO mission is part of NASA’s Earth Venture Instrument program, which includes small, targeted science investigations designed to complement NASA’s larger research missions. The instrument also forms part of a virtual constellation of air quality monitors for the Northern Hemisphere which includes South Korea’s Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer and ESA’s (European Space Agency) Sentinel-4 satellite. TEMPO was built by BAE Systems Inc., Space &amp; Mission Systems (formerly Ball Aerospace). It flies onboard the Intelsat 40e satellite built by Maxar Technologies. The TEMPO Instrument Operations Center and the Science Data Processing Center are operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard &amp; Smithsonian in Cambridge.</p>
1340.  
1341.  
1342.  
1343. <p></p>
1344.  
1345.  
1346.  
1347. <p></p>
1348.  
1349.  
1350.  
1351. <p>For more information about the TEMPO instrument and mission, visit: </p>
1352.  
1353.  
1354.  
1355. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tempo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tempo/</a></p>
1356.  
1357.  
1358.  
1359. <p></p>
1360.  
1361.  
1362. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1e8ed9f381d5cc1db945c77c9e1f6cd4?s=300&#038;d=blank&#038;r=g" alt="Charles G. Hatfield"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Charles G. Hatfield</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Science Public Affairs Officer, NASA Langley Research Center</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0"></p></div></div></div>
1363.  
1364. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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1370. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
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1398. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1399. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1400. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1401. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1402. </div>
1403. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1404. <div class="grid-col-4">
1405. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1406. </div>
1407. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 03, 2025</div>
1408. </div>
1409. <div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/langley/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Langley Research Center</span></a></div></div> </div>
1410. </div>
1411. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tempo" rel="noopener">Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" rel="noopener">Earth</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/" rel="noopener">Earth Science</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/" rel="noopener">Earth Science Division</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/">General</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/langley-research-center/">Langley Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/">Missions</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/" rel="noopener">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul></div></div>
1412. </div>
1413. </section>
1414. </div>
1415.  
1416. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
1417. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
1418. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
1419. </div>
1420. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
1421. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1422. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-and-webb-reveal-two-faces-of-star-cluster-duo/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener">
1423. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1424. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1425. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/open-clusters/Hubble_NGC460_NGC456_HST_JWST_new.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1426. </div>
1427. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1428. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
1429. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA’s Hubble and Webb Telescopes Reveal Two Faces of a Star Cluster Duo</h3></div>
1430. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">A riotous expanse of gas, dust, and stars stake out the dazzling territory of a&hellip;</p>
1431. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1432. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1433. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1434. <span>Article</span>
1435. </span>
1436. <span class="">
1437. 16 hours ago </span>
1438. </div>
1439. </div>
1440. </a>
1441. </div>
1442. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1443. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/aaisha-ali-from-marine-biology-to-the-artemis-control-room/" class="color-carbon-black">
1444. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1445. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1446. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg 5323w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/me-console2-high.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
1447. </div>
1448. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1449. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
1450. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Aaisha Ali: From Marine Biology to the Artemis Control Room </h3></div>
1451. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1452. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1453. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1454. <span>Article</span>
1455. </span>
1456. <span class="">
1457. 21 hours ago </span>
1458. </div>
1459. </div>
1460. </a>
1461. </div>
1462. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1463. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener">
1464. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1465. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
1466. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1467. </div>
1468. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1469. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
1470. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Hubble Observations Give “Missing” Globular Cluster Time to Shine</h3></div>
1471. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">A previously unexplored globular cluster glitters with multicolored stars in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope&hellip;</p>
1472. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
1473. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
1474. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
1475. <span>Article</span>
1476. </span>
1477. <span class="">
1478. 4 days ago </span>
1479. </div>
1480. </div>
1481. </a>
1482. </div>
1483. </div>
1484. </section>
1485. </div>
1486.  
1487. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1488. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1489. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1490. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1491. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
1492. </div>
1493. </div>
1494. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1495. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1496. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1497. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1498. <div>
1499. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1500. <span>Missions</span>
1501. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1502. </p>
1503. </div>
1504. </div>
1505. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1506. </a>
1507. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1508. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1509. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1510. <div>
1511. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1512. <span>Humans in Space</span>
1513. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1514. </p>
1515. </div>
1516. </div>
1517. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1518. </a>
1519. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1520. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1521. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1522. <div>
1523. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1524. <span>Climate Change</span>
1525. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1526. </p>
1527. </div>
1528. </div>
1529. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1530. </a>
1531. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1532. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1533. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1534. <div>
1535. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1536. <span>Solar System</span>
1537. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1538. </p>
1539. </div>
1540. </div>
1541. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div>
1542. </a>
1543. </div>
1544. </div>
1545. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1549. <media:content url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" medium="video" width="3840" height="2160">
1550. <media:player url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-houston-final.mp4" />
1551. <media:title type="plain">NASA Mission Monitoring Air Quality from Space Extended  - NASA</media:title>
1552. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[Since launching in 2023, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution mission, or TEMPO, has been measuring the quality of the air we breathe from 22,000 miles above the ground. June 19 marked the successful completion of TEMPO’s 20-month-long initial prime mission, and based on the quality of measurements to date, the mission has been extended through at least September 2026. The TEMPO mission is NASA’s first to use a spectrometer to gather hourly air quality data continuously over North America during daytime hours. It can see details down to just a few square miles, a significant advancement over previous satellites.]]></media:description>
1553. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png" />
1554. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
1555. </media:content>
1556. </item>
1557. <item>
1558. <title>Hubble Observations Give “Missing” Globular Cluster Time to Shine</title>
1559. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine/</link>
1561. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
1562. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 20:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
1563. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
1564. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics Division]]></category>
1565. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes]]></category>
1566. <category><![CDATA[Globular Clusters]]></category>
1567. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
1568. <category><![CDATA[Hubble Space Telescope]]></category>
1569. <category><![CDATA[Star Clusters]]></category>
1570. <category><![CDATA[Stars]]></category>
1571. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine/</guid>
1572.  
1573. <description><![CDATA[A previously unexplored globular cluster glitters with multicolored stars in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image. Globular clusters like this one, called ESO 591-12 or Palomar 8, are spherical collections of tens of thousands to millions of stars tightly bound together by gravity. Globular clusters generally form early in the galaxies’ histories in regions rich […]]]></description>
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1581. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Home</a></li>
1582. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Overview</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
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1585. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/the-history-of-hubble/" rel="noopener">The History of Hubble</a></li>
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1667. <div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
1668. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
1669. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
1670. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
1671. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Hubble Observations Give “Missing” Globular Cluster Time to Shine</h1>
1672. </div>
1673. </div>
1674. </div>
1675. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
1676. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
1677. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
1678. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="4044" height="3722" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Bright stars cluster against a black background. The stars are more densely concentrated in the center of the image. The stars appear mostly white, but bright red and blue stars are also visible sprinkled throughout the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=4044&#038;h=3722&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4044w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=300&#038;h=276&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=768&#038;h=707&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=942&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1414&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1885&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=400&#038;h=368&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=600&#038;h=552&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=900&#038;h=828&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1104&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1841&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4044px) 100vw, 4044px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
1679. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features a dense and dazzling array of blazing stars that form globular cluster ESO 591-12.</div>
1680. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, and D. Massari (INAF — Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)</div>
1681. </figcaption></div>
1682. </div>
1683. </div>
1684. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
1685. <a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/hubble/stars/globular-clusters/Hubble_ESO591-12_1flat_FINAL.jpg" target="_blank" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true" aria-label="Download this image" rel="noopener"><br />
1686. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Download this image</span><br />
1687. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
1688. </a></p></div>
1689. <p>A previously unexplored globular cluster glitters with multicolored stars in this NASA <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a> image. Globular clusters like this one, called ESO 591-12 or Palomar 8, are spherical collections of tens of thousands to millions of stars tightly bound together by gravity. Globular clusters generally form early in the galaxies’ histories in regions rich in gas and dust. Since the stars form from the same cloud of gas as it collapses, they typically hover around the same age. Strewn across this image of ESO 591-12 are a number of red and blue stars. The colors indicate their temperatures; red stars are cooler, while the blue stars are hotter.</p>
1690. <p>Hubble captured the data used to create this image of ESO 591-12 as part of a study intended to resolve individual stars of the entire globular cluster system of the Milky Way. Hubble revolutionized the study of globular clusters since earthbound telescopes are unable to distinguish individual stars in the compact clusters. The study is part of the Hubble Missing Globular Clusters Survey, which targets 34 confirmed Milky Way globular clusters that Hubble has yet to observe.</p>
1691. <p>The program aims to provide complete observations of ages and distances for all of the Milky Way’s globular clusters and investigate fundamental properties of still-unexplored clusters in the galactic bulge or halo. The observations will provide key information on the early stages of our galaxy, when globular clusters formed.</p>
1692. <h1 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-explore-more">Explore More</h1>
1693. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
1694. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/universe-uncovered/hubble-star-clusters/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Hubble&#039;s Star Clusters" rel="noopener"><br />
1695. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Hubble&#8217;s Star Clusters</span><br />
1696. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
1697. </a></p></div>
1698. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-wide nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
1699. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/science-highlights/exploring-the-birth-of-stars/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="Exploring the Birth of Stars" rel="noopener"><br />
1700. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Exploring the Birth of Stars</span><br />
1701. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
1702. </a></p></div>
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1707. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
1708. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://facebook.com/NASAHubble" aria-label="Go to @NASAHubble on facebook" rel="noopener">@NASAHubble</a> </div>
1709. </p></div>
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1713. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
1714. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://x.com/NASAHubble" aria-label="Go to @NASAHubble on twitter">@NASAHubble</a> </div>
1715. </p></div>
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1719. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
1720. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASAHubble" aria-label="Go to @NASAHubble on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASAHubble</a> </div>
1721. </p></div>
1722. </p></div>
1723. <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline">Media Contact</span>:</strong></p>
1724. <p><strong>Claire Andreoli</strong><br /><strong>NASA’s </strong><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><strong>Goddard Space Flight Center</strong></a>, <strong>Greenbelt, MD</strong><br /><a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>claire.andreoli@nasa.gov</strong></a></p>
1725. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
1726. <section class="padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
1727. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
1728. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1729. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1730. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1731. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
1732. </p></div>
1733. <div class="padding-bottom-2">
1734. <ul class="social-icons social-icons-round">
1735. <li class="social-icon social-icon-x">
1736. <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&#038;text=Hubble%20Observations%20Give%20%E2%80%9CMissing%E2%80%9D%20Globular%20Cluster%20Time%20to%20Shine&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fhubble%2Fhubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine%2F" aria-label="Share on X."><br />
1737. <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg><br />
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1739. </li>
1740. <li class="social-icon social-icon-facebook">
1741. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fhubble%2Fhubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine%2F" aria-label="Share on Facebook." rel="noopener"><br />
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1746. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fhubble%2Fhubble-observations-give-missing-globular-cluster-time-to-shine%2F" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn." rel="noopener"><br />
1747. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg><br />
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1749. </li>
1750. <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss">
1751. <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Subscribe to RSS feed."><br />
1752. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg><br />
1753. </a>
1754. </li>
1755. </ul></div>
1756. </p></div>
1757. </p></div>
1758. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1759. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1760. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1761. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1762. </p></div>
1763. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1764. <div class="grid-col-4">
1765. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1766. </p></div>
1767. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 03, 2025</div>
1768. </p></div>
1769. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1770. <div class="grid-col-4">
1771. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
1772. </div>
1773. <div class="grid-col-8">Andrea Gianopoulos</div>
1774. </div>
1775. <div class="grid-row">
1776. <div class="grid-col-4">
1777. <div class="subheading">Location</div>
1778. </div>
1779. <div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://nasa.gov/goddard" rel="noopener"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</span></a></div>
1780. </div></div>
1781. </p></div>
1782. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1783. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
1784. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1785. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
1786. </div>
1787. <ul class="article-tags">
1788. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
1789. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
1790. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics Division</a></li>
1791. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/galaxies-stars-black-holes/" rel="noopener">Galaxies, Stars, &#038; Black Holes</a></li>
1792. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/globular-clusters/" rel="noopener">Globular Clusters</a></li>
1793. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
1794. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/stars/star-clusters/" rel="noopener">Star Clusters</a></li>
1795. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" rel="noopener">Stars</a></li>
1796. </ul>
1797. </div>
1798. </div></div>
1799. </section></div>
1800. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
1801. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1802. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1803. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1804. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1805. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From Hubble</h2>
1806. </p></div>
1807. </p></div>
1808. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1809. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
1810. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1811. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1812. <div>
1813. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1814. <span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><br />
1815. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
1816. </h3>
1817. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.</p>
1818. </p></div>
1819. </p></div>
1820. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1512" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?w=1512" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg 4031w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=295,300 295w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=768,780 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1008,1024 1008w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1512,1536 1512w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=2016,2048 2016w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=394,400 394w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=591,600 591w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=886,900 886w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1181,1200 1181w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hubble-space-telescope-hst-6.jpg?resize=1969,2000 1969w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px" /></figure>
1821. </p></div>
1822. <p> </a><br />
1823. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/hubbles-cosmic-adventure/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
1824. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1825. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1826. <div>
1827. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1828. <span>Hubble’s Cosmic Adventure</span><br />
1829. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1830. </p>
1831. </p></div>
1832. </p></div>
1833. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1420" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg 4012w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=300,277 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=768,710 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1024,947 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1536,1420 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2048,1893 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=400,370 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=600,555 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=900,832 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=1200,1109 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/hubble-ngc1356-potw2352a.jpg?resize=2000,1849 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
1834. </p></div>
1835. <p> </a><br />
1836. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubbles-night-sky-challenge/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
1837. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1838. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1839. <div>
1840. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1841. <span>Hubble’s Night Sky Challenge</span><br />
1842. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1843. </p>
1844. </p></div>
1845. </p></div>
1846. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="375" height="350" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=375&#038;h=350&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/mission/35th-anniversary/stargazing-banner-2_crop.jpg?w=300&#038;h=280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px" /></figure>
1847. </p></div>
1848. <p> </a><br />
1849. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/hubbles-35th-anniversary/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
1850. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1851. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1852. <div>
1853. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1854. <span>Hubble’s 35th Anniversary</span><br />
1855. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1856. </p>
1857. </p></div>
1858. </p></div>
1859. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg 6774w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/27947790171-849723abba-o.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
1860. </p></div>
1861. <p> </a>
1862. </div>
1863. </p></div>
1864. </p></div>
1865. ]]></content:encoded>
1869. </item>
1870. <item>
1871. <title>NASA Advances Pressure Sensitive Paint Research Capability</title>
1872. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/pressure-sensitive-paint-2025/</link>
1874. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jim Banke]]></dc:creator>
1875. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 18:59:23 +0000</pubDate>
1876. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics]]></category>
1877. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate]]></category>
1878. <category><![CDATA[Aerosciences Evaluation Test Capabilities]]></category>
1879. <category><![CDATA[Ames Research Center]]></category>
1880. <category><![CDATA[Flight Innovation]]></category>
1881. <category><![CDATA[Glenn Research Center]]></category>
1882. <category><![CDATA[Langley Research Center]]></category>
1883. <category><![CDATA[Transformational Tools Technologies]]></category>
1884. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=883466</guid>
1885.  
1886. <description><![CDATA[Many of us grew up using paint-by-number sets to create beautiful color pictures. For years now, NASA engineers studying aircraft and rocket designs in wind tunnels have flipped that childhood pastime, using computers to generate images from “numbers-by-paint” – pressure sensitive paint (PSP), that is. Now, advances in the use of high-speed cameras, supercomputers, and [&#8230;]]]></description>
1887. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
1888.  
1889. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1119" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A model of a blended wing aircraft glows pink inside a wind tunnel." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg 5830w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=300,164 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=768,420 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1024,560 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1536,839 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=2048,1119 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=400,219 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=600,328 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=900,492 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=1200,656 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg?resize=2000,1093 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The Swept Wing Flow Test model, known as SWiFT, with pressure sensitive paint applied, sports a pink glow under ultraviolet lights while tested during 2023 in a NASA wind tunnel at Langley Research Center in Virginia.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dave Bowman</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1890.  
1891.  
1892. <p>Many of us grew up using paint-by-number sets to create beautiful color pictures.</p>
1893.  
1894.  
1895.  
1896. <p>For years now, NASA engineers studying aircraft and rocket designs in wind tunnels have flipped that childhood pastime, using computers to generate images from “numbers-by-paint” – pressure sensitive paint (PSP), that is.</p>
1897.  
1898.  
1899.  
1900. <p>Now, advances in the use of high-speed cameras, supercomputers, and even more sensitive PSP have made this numbers-by-paint process 10,000 times faster while creating engineering visuals with 1,000 times higher resolution.</p>
1901.  
1902.  
1903.  
1904. <p>So, what’s the big difference exactly between the<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/power-of-pink-provides-nasa-with-pressure-pictures/" data-type="post" data-id="38128"> “old” capability in use at NASA for more than a decade </a>and the “new?”</p>
1905.  
1906.  
1907.  
1908. <p>“The key is found by adding a single word in front of PSP, namely ‘unsteady’ pressure sensitive paint, or uPSP,” said E. Lara Lash, an aerospace engineer from NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/" data-type="topic" data-id="122533">Ames Research Center </a>in California’s Silicon Valley.</p>
1909.  
1910.  
1911.  
1912. <p>With PSP, NASA researchers study the large-scale effects of relatively smooth air flowing over the wings and body of aircraft. Now with uPSP, they are able to see in finer detail what happens when more turbulent air is present – faster and better than ever before.</p>
1913.  
1914.  
1915.  
1916. <p>In some cases with the new capability, researchers can get their hands on the wind tunnel data they’re looking for within 20 minutes. That’s quick enough to allow engineers to adjust their testing in real time.</p>
1917.  
1918.  
1919.  
1920. <p>Usually, researchers record wind tunnel data and then take it back to their labs to decipher days or weeks later. If they find they need more data, it can take additional weeks or even months to wait in line for another turn in the wind tunnel.</p>
1921.  
1922.  
1923.  
1924. <p>“The result of these improvements provides a data product that is immediately useful to aerodynamic engineers, structural engineers, or engineers from other disciplines,” Lash said.</p>
1925.  
1926.  
1927.  
1928. <p>Robert Pearce, NASA’s associate administrator for aeronautics, who recently saw a demonstration of uPSP-generated data displayed at Ames, hailed the new tool as a national asset that will be available to researchers all over the country.</p>
1929.  
1930.  
1931.  
1932. <p>“It’s a unique NASA innovation that isn’t offered anywhere else,” Pearce said. “It will help us maintain NASA’s world leadership in wind tunnel capabilities.”</p>
1933.  
1934.  
1935. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1345" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A technician sprays pressure sensitive paint onto a small model of the Space Launch System rocket." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg 2439w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=300,197 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=768,504 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1024,673 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1536,1009 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=2048,1345 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=400,263 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=600,394 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=900,591 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=1200,788 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2017-h1-p-slspsp-060810.jpg?resize=2000,1314 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A technician sprays unsteady pressure sensitive paint onto the surface of a small model of the Space Launch System in preparation for testing in a NASA wind tunnel.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dave Bowman</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1936.  
1937.  
1938. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How it Works</strong></h3>
1939.  
1940.  
1941.  
1942. <p>With both PSP and uPSP, a unique paint is applied to scale models of aircraft or rockets, which are mounted in wind tunnels equipped with specific types of lights and cameras.</p>
1943.  
1944.  
1945.  
1946. <p>When illuminated during tests, the paint’s color brightness changes depending on the levels of pressure the model experiences as currents of air rush by. Darker shades mean higher pressure; lighter shades mean lower pressure.</p>
1947.  
1948.  
1949.  
1950. <p>Cameras capture the brightness intensity and a supercomputer turns that information into a set of numbers representing pressure values, which are made available to engineers to study and glean what truths they can about the vehicle design’s structural integrity.</p>
1951.  
1952.  
1953.  
1954. <p>“Aerodynamic forces can vibrate different parts of the vehicle to different degrees,” Lash said. “Vibrations could damage what the vehicle is carrying or can even lead to the vehicle tearing itself apart. The data we get through this process can help us prevent that.”</p>
1955.  
1956.  
1957.  
1958. <p>Traditionally, pressure readings are taken using sensors connected to little plastic tubes strung through a model’s interior and poking up through small holes in key places, such as along the surface of a wing or the fuselage.&nbsp;</p>
1959.  
1960.  
1961.  
1962. <p>Each point provides a single pressure reading. Engineers must use mathematical models to estimate the pressure values between the individual sensors.</p>
1963.  
1964.  
1965.  
1966. <p>With PSP, there is no need to estimate the numbers. Because the paint covers the entire model, its brightness as seen by the cameras reveals the pressure values over the whole surface.</p>
1967.  
1968.  
1969. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1317" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A rocket glows pink from the use of Pressure Sensitive Paint inside a NASA wind tunnel." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 59% 20%; object-position: 59% 20%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=300,193 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=768,494 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1024,658 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1536,988 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=2048,1317 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=400,257 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=600,386 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=900,579 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=1200,772 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cacd17-0218-021.jpg?resize=2000,1286 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A four-percent scale model of the Space Launch System rocket is tested in 2017 using unsteady Pressure Sensitive Paint inside the 11-foot by 11-foot Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA&#8217;s Ames Research Center in California.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dominic Hart</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1970.  
1971.  
1972. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Making it Better</strong></h3>
1973.  
1974.  
1975.  
1976. <p>The introduction, testing, and availability of uPSP is the result of a successful five-year-long effort, begun in 2019, in which researchers challenged themselves to significantly improve the PSP’s capability with its associated cameras and computers.</p>
1977.  
1978.  
1979.  
1980. <p>The NASA team’s desire was to develop and demonstrate a better process of acquiring, processing, and visualizing data using a properly equipped wind tunnel and supercomputer, then make the tool available at NASA wind tunnels across the country.</p>
1981.  
1982.  
1983.  
1984. <p>The focus during a capability challenge was on NASA’s<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel/ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel-11-by-11-foot-twt-test-section/" data-type="topic" data-id="175950"> Unitary Plan Facility</a>’s 11-foot transonic wind tunnel, which the team connected to the nearby NASA <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/core-area-of-expertise-supercomputing/" data-type="topic" data-id="349035">Advanced Supercomputing Facility</a>, both located at Ames.</p>
1985.  
1986.  
1987.  
1988. <p>Inside the wind tunnel, a scale model of NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/space-launch-system/" data-type="category" data-id="3784">Space Launch System</a> rocket served as the primary test subject during the challenge period.</p>
1989.  
1990.  
1991.  
1992. <p>Now that the agency has completed its <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-i/" data-type="category" data-id="2917">Artemis I </a>uncrewed lunar flight test mission, researchers can match the flight-recorded data with the wind tunnel data to see how well reality and predictions compare.</p>
1993.  
1994.  
1995.  
1996. <p>With the capability challenge officially completed at the end of 2024, the uPSP team is planning to deploy it to other wind tunnels and engage with potential users with interests in aeronautics or spaceflight.</p>
1997.  
1998.  
1999.  
2000. <p>“This is a NASA capability that we have, not only for use within the agency, but one that we can offer industry, academia, and other government agencies to come in and do research using these new tools,” Lash said. </p>
2001.  
2002.  
2003.  
2004. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aetc/" data-type="topic" data-id="203236">Aerosciences Evaluation and Test Capabilities </a>portfolio office, an organization managed under the agency’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/" data-type="topic" data-id="161884">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a>, oversaw the development of the uPSP capability.</p>
2005.  
2006.  
2007.  
2008. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch this uPSP Video</h3>
2009.  
2010.  
2011.  
2012. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
2013. <iframe loading="lazy" title="The Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint System" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
2014. </div></figure>
2015.  
2016.  
2017. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"><img decoding="async" width="10rem" height="10rem" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low" class="avatar avatar-300 photo medium" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/cropped-banke-press-300x300.jpg" alt="Jim Banke"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Jim Banke</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Managing Editor/Senior Writer</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0">Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics&#039; Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on the NASA website.</p></div></div></div>
2018.  
2019. <div id="" class="hds-social-media grid-container grid-container-block nasa-gb-align- width-full maxw-full margin-y-0 padding-y-5 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-0 font-weight-bold hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-social-media-links"> <div class="display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1" id="social-facebook">
2020. <div class="circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center" style="background-color: #4267B2;">
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2023. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://facebook.com/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on facebook" rel="noopener">@NASA</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://facebook.com/NASAaero" aria-label="Go to @NASAaero on facebook" rel="noopener">@NASAaero</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://facebook.com/NASA_es" aria-label="Go to @NASA_es on facebook" rel="noopener">@NASA_es</a> </div>
2024. </div>
2025. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1" id="social-twitter">
2026. <div class="circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center" style="background-color: #1DA1F2;">
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2028. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
2029. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://x.com/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on twitter">@NASA</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://x.com/NASAaero" aria-label="Go to @NASAaero on twitter">@NASAaero</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://x.com/NASA_es" aria-label="Go to @NASA_es on twitter">@NASA_es</a> </div>
2030. </div>
2031. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1" id="social-instagram">
2032. <div class="circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center" style="background-color: #833AB4;">
2033. <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="169.063px" height="169.063px" viewBox="0 0 169.063 169.063" style="enable-background:new 0 0 169.063 169.063;" xml:space="preserve" aria-labelledby="instagramIconTitle"><title id="instagramIconTitle">Instagram logo</title><g> <path d="M122.406,0H46.654C20.929,0,0,20.93,0,46.655v75.752c0,25.726,20.929,46.655,46.654,46.655h75.752 c25.727,0,46.656-20.93,46.656-46.655V46.655C169.063,20.93,148.133,0,122.406,0z M154.063,122.407 c0,17.455-14.201,31.655-31.656,31.655H46.654C29.2,154.063,15,139.862,15,122.407V46.655C15,29.201,29.2,15,46.654,15h75.752 c17.455,0,31.656,14.201,31.656,31.655V122.407z"/> <path d="M84.531,40.97c-24.021,0-43.563,19.542-43.563,43.563c0,24.02,19.542,43.561,43.563,43.561s43.563-19.541,43.563-43.561 C128.094,60.512,108.552,40.97,84.531,40.97z M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561 c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z"/> <path d="M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78 c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78 C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z"/></g></svg> </div>
2034. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
2035. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASA</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASAaero" aria-label="Go to @NASAaero on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASAaero</a><a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://instagram.com/NASA_es" aria-label="Go to @NASA_es on instagram" rel="noopener">@NASA_es</a> </div>
2036. </div>
2037. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1" id="social-linkedin">
2038. <div class="circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center" style="background-color: #0072b1;">
2039. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-labelledby="linkedinIconTitle"><title id="linkedinIconTitle">Linkedin logo</title><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </div>
2040. <div class="hds-social-media-items padding-left-2">
2041. <a target="_blank" class="margin-right-2" href="https://linkedin.com/company/NASA" aria-label="Go to @NASA on linkedin" rel="noopener">@NASA</a> </div>
2042. </div>
2043. </div>
2044.  
2045. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
2046. <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left">
2047. <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div>
2048. </div>
2049. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
2050. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
2051. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/tempo/nasa-mission-monitoring-air-quality-from-space-extended/" class="color-carbon-black">
2052. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
2053. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
2054. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png 3430w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=1536,863 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=2048,1151 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/tempo-data-visual-05-05-2025-still.png?resize=2000,1124 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
2055. </div>
2056. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
2057. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
2058. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Mission Monitoring Air Quality from Space Extended </h3></div>
2059. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
2060. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
2061. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
2062. <span>Article</span>
2063. </span>
2064. <span class="">
2065. 4 days ago </span>
2066. </div>
2067. </div>
2068. </a>
2069. </div>
2070. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
2071. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/ames-science/by-air-and-by-sea-validating-nasas-pace-ocean-color-instrument/" class="color-carbon-black">
2072. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
2073. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
2074. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg 4000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=300,139 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=768,355 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1024,473 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1536,710 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=2048,946 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=400,185 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=600,277 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=900,416 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=1200,554 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20241020-120744.jpg?resize=2000,924 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
2075. </div>
2076. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
2077. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div>
2078. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">By Air and by Sea: Validating NASA’s PACE Ocean Color Instrument</h3></div>
2079. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
2080. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
2081. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
2082. <span>Article</span>
2083. </span>
2084. <span class="">
2085. 2 weeks ago </span>
2086. </div>
2087. </div>
2088. </a>
2089. </div>
2090. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
2091. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/armstrong/nasa-intern-took-career-from-car-engines-to-cockpits/" class="color-carbon-black">
2092. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
2093. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
2094. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="287" height="300" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?w=287" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg 1279w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=287,300 287w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=768,803 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=979,1024 979w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=382,400 382w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=574,600 574w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=860,900 860w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/afrc2024-0181-08large-cropped.jpg?resize=1147,1200 1147w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px" /></figure> </div>
2095. </div>
2096. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
2097. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
2098. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Intern Took Career from Car Engines to Cockpits</h3></div>
2099. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
2100. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2">
2101. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg>
2102. <span>Article</span>
2103. </span>
2104. <span class="">
2105. 2 weeks ago </span>
2106. </div>
2107. </div>
2108. </a>
2109. </div>
2110. </div>
2111. </section>
2112. </div>
2113.  
2114. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
2115. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
2116. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
2117. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
2118. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
2119. </div>
2120. </div>
2121. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
2122. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
2123. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
2124. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
2125. <div>
2126. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
2127. <span>Missions</span>
2128. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
2129. </p>
2130. </div>
2131. </div>
2132. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1405" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png 1987w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=300,274 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=768,702 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1024,936 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1536,1405 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=400,366 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=600,549 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=900,823 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/stsci-01gfryyrtctmx197by86mbfcr9.png?resize=1200,1097 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
2133. </a>
2134. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
2135. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
2136. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
2137. <div>
2138. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
2139. <span>Artemis</span>
2140. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
2141. </p>
2142. </div>
2143. </div>
2144. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
2145. </a>
2146. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aeronautics-stem/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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2149. <div>
2150. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
2151. <span>Aeronautics STEM</span>
2152. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
2153. </p>
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2157. </a>
2158. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/explore-nasas-history/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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2163. <span>Explore NASA&#8217;s History</span>
2164. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
2165. </p>
2166. </div>
2167. </div>
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2169. </a>
2170. </div>
2171. </div>
2172. </div>
2173.  
2174. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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2209. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
2210. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
2211. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
2212. </div>
2213. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
2214. <div class="grid-col-4">
2215. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
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2217. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 03, 2025</div>
2218. </div>
2219. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jim Banke</div></div><div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Contact</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><div class="margin-bottom-3"><div>Jim Banke</div><div><a href="mailto:&#106;&#105;m&#46;&#98;anke&#64;&#110;&#97;&#115;a&#46;&#103;&#111;v">&#106;i&#109;.ba&#110;k&#101;&#64;n&#97;sa&#46;&#103;ov</a></div></div></div></div> </div>
2220. </div>
2221. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/">Aeronautics</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aetc/">Aerosciences Evaluation Test Capabilities</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/">Ames Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/flight-innovation/">Flight Innovation</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/glenn/">Glenn Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/langley-research-center/">Langley Research Center</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/tacp/ttt/">Transformational Tools Technologies</a></li></ul></div></div>
2222. </div>
2223. </section>
2224. </div>
2225.  
2226.  
2227. <p></p>
2228. ]]></content:encoded>
2232. <media:content url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM" medium="video" width="1280" height="720">
2233. <media:player url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aq10RTHSKQM" />
2234. <media:title type="plain">The Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint System</media:title>
2235. <media:description type="html"><![CDATA[In the future, the complete picture of air flow will need to be accurately measured in detail, so vehicle designs can minimize the effects of unsteady air.  ...]]></media:description>
2236. <media:thumbnail url="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clrc-2023-h1-p-swift-00468.jpg" />
2237. <media:rating scheme="urn:simple">nonadult</media:rating>
2238. </media:content>
2239. </item>
2240. <item>
2241. <title>Old Glory on the Red Planet</title>
2242. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/old-glory-on-the-red-planet/</link>
2244. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
2245. <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 17:07:48 +0000</pubDate>
2246. <category><![CDATA[Perseverance (Rover)]]></category>
2247. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883936</guid>
2248.  
2249. <description><![CDATA[The United States flag adorns an aluminum plate mounted at the base of the mast, or “head,” of NASA&#8217;s Perseverance Mars rover. This image of the plate was taken on June 28, 2025 (the 1,548th day, or sol, of the mission), by the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera on the [&#8230;]]]></description>
2250. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2008" height="2035" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?w=2008" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A small metal American flag attached to the Mars Perceverance rover&#039;s mast. The mast is white with silver metal pieces attached to it. There is red dust all over the mast. The image appears in a vignette that looks like a rectangle rotated diagonally; the rest of the image is dark." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg 2008w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=296,300 296w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=768,778 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1010,1024 1010w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1516,1536 1516w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=395,400 395w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=592,600 592w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=888,900 888w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1184,1200 1184w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/pia26579.jpg?resize=1973,2000 1973w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2008px) 100vw, 2008px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
2251.  
2252.  
2253. <p>The United States flag adorns an aluminum plate mounted at the base of the mast, or “head,” of NASA&#8217;s Perseverance Mars rover. <a href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26579" rel="noopener">This image of the plate</a> was taken on June 28, 2025 (the 1,548th day, or sol, of the mission), by the WATSON (Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering) camera on the end of the rover&#8217;s robotic arm.</p>
2254.  
2255.  
2256.  
2257. <p>WATSON, part of an instrument called SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman &amp; Luminescence for Organics &amp; Chemicals), was built by Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego and is operated jointly by MSSS and NASA&#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. JPL, which is managed for the agency by Caltech, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.</p>
2258.  
2259.  
2260.  
2261. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-perseverance/perseverance-rover/nasas-perseverance-rover-scours-mars-for-science/">Learn more about Perseverance’s latest science.</a></p>
2262. ]]></content:encoded>
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