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  11. <title>Archaeology Magazine</title>
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  23. <title>Britain&#039;s Economy Remained Surprisingly Robust After Roman Collapse</title>
  24. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/britains-economy-remained-surprisingly-robust-after-roman-collapse/</link>
  26. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  27. <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  28. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  29. <category><![CDATA[Aldborough]]></category>
  30. <category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>
  31. <category><![CDATA[Isurium Brigantum]]></category>
  32. <category><![CDATA[metal processing]]></category>
  33. <category><![CDATA[Roman Britain]]></category>
  34. <category><![CDATA[smelting]]></category>
  35. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53082</guid>
  36.  
  37. <description><![CDATA[<p>ALDBOROUGH, ENGLAND—When the Romans conquered Britain in the first century <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span>, they transformed the island [&#8230;]</p>
  38. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/britains-economy-remained-surprisingly-robust-after-roman-collapse/">Britain&#039;s Economy Remained Surprisingly Robust After Roman Collapse</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  39. ]]></description>
  40. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  41. <p>ALDBOROUGH, ENGLAND—When the Romans conquered Britain in the first century <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span>, they transformed the island into an industrial powerhouse, particularly by means of large-scale extraction and processing of metals. Scholars have long assumed that when Roman rule over Britain collapsed around <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span> 400, metal production ceased to exist almost overnight. However, according to a statement released by the <a href="https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/britains-economy-boomed-after-the-romans-aldborough-study-reveals" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Cambridge</a>, this may not be the case at all. Researchers from the Universiy of Cambridge and the University of Nottingham recently examined a 15-foot-long sediment core taken from Aldborough, Yorkshire. This was the site of the former Roman settlement of Isurium Brigantum, which was an important metal processing center. The team examined the sediment layers captured in the core for traces of heavy metals such as lead, copper, and zinc, which provide clear evidence of smelting. The results surprisingly revealed that there was no apparent drop-off in production after the Romans departed. If anything, there was actually an increase in iron and lead smelting through the fifth to mid-sixth century <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span>, thereby contradicting popular beliefs about industrial activity in post-Roman Britain. There was not a noticeable decline in activity until around <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span> 550 to 600, which may have been caused by the onset of the Justinian plague. Read the original scholarly article about this research in <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.10175" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Antiquity</a></em>. To read more about the collapse of Roman Britain and the period that followed, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/january-february-2019/features/a-dark-age-beacon/">A Dark Age Beacon</a>."</p>
  42.  
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  44. <figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c8631396b61&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="745" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250915-England-Aldborough-Aerial-1024x745.jpg" alt="Aerial photograph of Aldborough, England, showing the extent of the walled town and the location of the sediment core" class="wp-image-53094" data-image-credit="D. Powlesland &amp;amp; V. Herring" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250915-England-Aldborough-Aerial-1024x745.jpg 1024w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250915-England-Aldborough-Aerial-300x218.jpg 300w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250915-England-Aldborough-Aerial-768x559.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250915-England-Aldborough-Aerial.jpg 1500w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><button
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  57. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Aerial photograph of Aldborough, England, showing the extent of the walled town and the location of the sediment core</figcaption></figure>
  58. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/britains-economy-remained-surprisingly-robust-after-roman-collapse/">Britain&#039;s Economy Remained Surprisingly Robust After Roman Collapse</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  59. ]]></content:encoded>
  63. </item>
  64. <item>
  65. <title>Egyptian Police Officer&#039;s Bone Whistle Found</title>
  66. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/egyptian-police-officers-bone-whistle-found/</link>
  68. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  69. <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 17:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
  70. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  71. <category><![CDATA[Akhenaten]]></category>
  72. <category><![CDATA[Amarna]]></category>
  73. <category><![CDATA[bone whistle]]></category>
  74. <category><![CDATA[cow]]></category>
  75. <category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
  76. <category><![CDATA[police officer]]></category>
  77. <category><![CDATA[stone village]]></category>
  78. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53086</guid>
  79.  
  80. <description><![CDATA[<p>AMARNA, EGYPT—A bone whistle likely used by an ancient Egyptian police officer was unearthed at [&#8230;]</p>
  81. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/egyptian-police-officers-bone-whistle-found/">Egyptian Police Officer&#039;s Bone Whistle Found</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  82. ]]></description>
  83. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  84. <p>AMARNA, EGYPT—A bone whistle likely used by an ancient Egyptian police officer was unearthed at the site of Amarna, <em><a href="https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-egyptians/3-300-year-old-ancient-egyptian-whistle-was-likely-used-by-police-officer-tasked-with-guarding-the-sacred-location-of-the-royal-tomb" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Live Science</a> </em>reports<em>.</em> Around 1347 <span class="small-caps">b.c.</span>, the controversial pharaoh Akhenaten (reigned ca. 1349–1336 <span class="small-caps">b.c.</span>) established a new capital city at Amarna, though it was abandoned after just 15 years. The artifact, which was crafted out of a cow’s toe, is the first of its kind ever to be found in Egypt. It was recovered by archaeologists from the Amarna Project at a part of the site known as the Stone Village. Researchers believe that this district likely housed workers involved in the construction of the king's royal tomb. The whistle was located within a structure that appears to have served as a checkpoint where guards were stationed in order to monitor people coming in and out of the Stone Village. “This area appears to have been heavily policed in order to keep the sacred location of the tomb known and accessed by only those that need to know and go there,” said Griffith University archaeologist Michelle Langley. For more on Akhenaten's reign, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/collection/rediscovering-egypts-golden-dynasty/">Rediscovering Egypt's Golden Dynasty</a>."<br> </p>
  85. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/egyptian-police-officers-bone-whistle-found/">Egyptian Police Officer&#039;s Bone Whistle Found</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  86. ]]></content:encoded>
  90. </item>
  91. <item>
  92. <title>Stockpile of Slingshot Projectiles Unearthed at Urartian Fortress</title>
  93. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/stockpile-of-slingshot-projectiles-unearthed-at-urartian-fortress/</link>
  95. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  96. <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  97. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  98. <category><![CDATA[castle]]></category>
  99. <category><![CDATA[Cavustepe]]></category>
  100. <category><![CDATA[fortress]]></category>
  101. <category><![CDATA[sling projectile]]></category>
  102. <category><![CDATA[sling stone]]></category>
  103. <category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
  104. <category><![CDATA[Urartian]]></category>
  105. <category><![CDATA[Van]]></category>
  106. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53084</guid>
  107.  
  108. <description><![CDATA[<p>VAN, TURKEY—Türkiye Today reports that continued excavations at the site of Cavustepe Castle revealed a [&#8230;]</p>
  109. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/stockpile-of-slingshot-projectiles-unearthed-at-urartian-fortress/">Stockpile of Slingshot Projectiles Unearthed at Urartian Fortress</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  110. ]]></description>
  111. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  112. <p>VAN, TURKEY—<em><a href="https://www.turkiyetoday.com/culture/ancient-sling-stones-unearthed-in-urartian-castle-excavations-in-eastern-anatolia-3206677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Türkiye Today</a></em> reports that continued excavations at the site of Cavustepe Castle revealed a remarkable cache of projectiles ready for use by Urartian soldiers around 2,700 years ago. The recent investigation focused on a storage facility and area known as the “upper fortress.” As the team began removing layers of sediment from within one structure, they uncovered a collection of egg-sized slingshots. Some had been gathered from a nearby riverbed, while others had been made from clay. While individual slingstones have sometimes been discovered at other Urartian sites, Van Yuzuncu Yil University archaeologist Rafet Cavusoglu said, this find is exceptional because such a large assemblage has never before been uncovered all at once. Given the findspot near the defensive walls, it is likely the ammunition was deliberately stockpiled in preparation for battle. Urartian slingstones could strike targets more than 650 feet away with surprising accuracy and were even capable of piercing armor. To read about projectile weapons throughout history, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/may-june-2020/collection/siege-weapons/weapons-of-the-ancient-world/">Weapons of the Ancient World: Siege Weapons</a>."</p>
  113. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/15/stockpile-of-slingshot-projectiles-unearthed-at-urartian-fortress/">Stockpile of Slingshot Projectiles Unearthed at Urartian Fortress</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  114. ]]></content:encoded>
  118. </item>
  119. <item>
  120. <title>Metal in Sardinian Figurines Underscores Bronze Age Trade Networks</title>
  121. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/metal-in-sardinian-figurines-underscores-bronze-age-trade-networks/</link>
  123. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  124. <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  125. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  126. <category><![CDATA[Bronze Age]]></category>
  127. <category><![CDATA[bronzetti]]></category>
  128. <category><![CDATA[copper]]></category>
  129. <category><![CDATA[figurines]]></category>
  130. <category><![CDATA[Iberia]]></category>
  131. <category><![CDATA[Nuragic]]></category>
  132. <category><![CDATA[Sardinia]]></category>
  133. <category><![CDATA[tin]]></category>
  134. <category><![CDATA[trade networks]]></category>
  135. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53060</guid>
  136.  
  137. <description><![CDATA[<p>AARHUS, DENMARK—The enigmatic Nuragic civilization that flourished on the island of Sardinia during the Bronze [&#8230;]</p>
  138. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/metal-in-sardinian-figurines-underscores-bronze-age-trade-networks/">Metal in Sardinian Figurines Underscores Bronze Age Trade Networks</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  139. ]]></description>
  140. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  141. <p>AARHUS, DENMARK—The enigmatic Nuragic civilization that flourished on the island of Sardinia during the Bronze Age is most recognized for building monumental stone towers known as <em>nuraghi</em>. However, they are also well-known for their small bronzetti figurines, which often depict warriors, gods, or animals. Scholars have long speculated about where the metal—mainly, the copper and tin—to create these tiny sculptures came from. According to a statement released by <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097978" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aarhaus University</a>, researchers recently used cutting-edge isotope analysis to examine 48 bronzetti fragments from three prominent Nuragic sites dating to the early first millennium <span class="small-caps">b.c.</span> It had previously been thought that the copper perhaps originated on the island of Cyprus or in the Levant, but analysis of a rare isotope called osmium ruled out that possibility. Instead, the figurines were produced from local copper sourced in Sardinia or from ore that had been imported from Iberia. It is believed that the two different types of copper were sometimes strategically mixed together to achieve certain effects such as color and strength. The tin used in the bronze alloy also originated in Iberia, underscoring Sardinia’s active role in Bronze Age exchange networks. “Having the opportunity to analyze the famous bronze figures from Sardinia is an important step towards understanding how the island has been a central piece of the metal trade during the Bronze Age,” said Moesgaard Museum researcher Heide Nørgaard. Read the original scholarly article about this research in <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328268" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PLOS One</a></em>. For more on Sardinia's Nuragic people, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/march-april-2021/digs-discoveries/digs-italy-sardinia-tavolara/">Tyrrhenian Traders</a>."</p>
  142.  
  143.  
  144. <figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c863139ac46&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="734" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Sardinia-Nuragic-Bronzes-1024x734.jpg" alt="Uta-Abini&ndash;style bronzetti from Sardinia" class="wp-image-53072" data-image-credit="Berger et al., 2025, PLOS One" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Sardinia-Nuragic-Bronzes-1024x734.jpg 1024w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Sardinia-Nuragic-Bronzes-300x215.jpg 300w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Sardinia-Nuragic-Bronzes-768x550.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Sardinia-Nuragic-Bronzes.jpg 1500w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><button
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  157. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Nuragic bronzetti from Sardinia</figcaption></figure>
  158. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/metal-in-sardinian-figurines-underscores-bronze-age-trade-networks/">Metal in Sardinian Figurines Underscores Bronze Age Trade Networks</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  159. ]]></content:encoded>
  163. </item>
  164. <item>
  165. <title>New Study Highlights Britain&#039;s Age of Feasting</title>
  166. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-study-highlights-britains-age-of-feasting/</link>
  168. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  169. <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 17:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
  170. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  171. <category><![CDATA[Age of Feasting]]></category>
  172. <category><![CDATA[Britain]]></category>
  173. <category><![CDATA[Bronze Age]]></category>
  174. <category><![CDATA[Cardiff]]></category>
  175. <category><![CDATA[cattle]]></category>
  176. <category><![CDATA[feasting]]></category>
  177. <category><![CDATA[pigs]]></category>
  178. <category><![CDATA[sheep]]></category>
  179. <category><![CDATA[Wales]]></category>
  180. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53058</guid>
  181.  
  182. <description><![CDATA[<p>CARDIFF, WALES—According to a statement released by Cardiff University, a recent study has shed new [&#8230;]</p>
  183. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-study-highlights-britains-age-of-feasting/">New Study Highlights Britain&#039;s Age of Feasting</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  184. ]]></description>
  185. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c863139c6ec&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image alignleft size-full wp-lightbox-container"><img decoding="async" width="700" height="467" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Britain-Feasting-Debris.jpg" alt="Feasting debris of pottery and bone from East Chisenbury midden, Wiltshire, England" class="wp-image-53068" data-image-credit="Cardiff University" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Britain-Feasting-Debris.jpg 700w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Britain-Feasting-Debris-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><button
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  197. </svg>
  198. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Feasting debris of pottery and bone recovered from East Chisenbury midden, Wiltshire, England</figcaption></figure>
  199.  
  200.  
  201.  
  202. <p>CARDIFF, WALES—According to a statement released by <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1097498" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cardiff University</a>, a recent study has shed new light on an exceptional era in British history that was characterized by large communal feasts. The research team used isotope analysis on material found within six huge middens dating to the end of the Bronze Age in Wiltshire and the Thames Valley to more closely examine which animals were consumed and where they came from. Not only did the results reveal that these gatherings were enormous, but that they involved very specific choices defined by location. At the site of Potterne in Wiltshire, where over 15 million animal bone fragments were found, pork was predominantly on the menu. In Runnymede in Surrey, beef was the meat of choice, while at East Chisenbury, near Stonehenge, hundreds of thousands of sheep were served over the years. Additionally, while pigs and cattle were often brought to these food festivals from distant locations, the sheep that were consumed were mostly of local stock. “We believe this demonstrates that each midden was a lynchpin in the landscape, key to sustaining specific regional economies, expressing identities, and sustaining relations between communities during this turbulent period,” said researcher Carmen Esposito. These communal celebrations were so integral to the social dynamics of the era that the study raises the question as to whether archaeologists should talk about the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Ages as being Britain's Age of Feasting. Read the original scholarly article about this research in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113271" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>iScience</em></a>. For more, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/january-february-2020/collection/england-wiltshire-neolithic-feasts/top-10-discoveries-of-2019/">Neolithic Henge Feasts</a>," one of <span class="small-caps"><span class="small-caps-first-letter">A</span>RCHAEOLOGY</span>'s Top 10 Discoveries of 2019. <br> </p>
  203. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-study-highlights-britains-age-of-feasting/">New Study Highlights Britain&#039;s Age of Feasting</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  204. ]]></content:encoded>
  208. </item>
  209. <item>
  210. <title>New Complete Copy of Canopus Decree Recovered</title>
  211. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-complete-copy-of-canopus-decree-recovered/</link>
  213. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  214. <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  215. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  216. <category><![CDATA[Berenice]]></category>
  217. <category><![CDATA[Canopus Decree]]></category>
  218. <category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
  219. <category><![CDATA[hieroglpyps]]></category>
  220. <category><![CDATA[Imet]]></category>
  221. <category><![CDATA[Ptolemaic Egypt]]></category>
  222. <category><![CDATA[Ptolemy III]]></category>
  223. <category><![CDATA[stela]]></category>
  224. <category><![CDATA[Tell al-Faraun]]></category>
  225. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53056</guid>
  226.  
  227. <description><![CDATA[<p>TELL AL-FARAUN, EGYPT—According to an Egypt Daily News report, Egyptian authorities announced the momentous discovery [&#8230;]</p>
  228. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-complete-copy-of-canopus-decree-recovered/">New Complete Copy of Canopus Decree Recovered</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  229. ]]></description>
  230. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c863139df27&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image alignleft size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img decoding="async" width="714" height="1024" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Egypt-Canopus-Decree-714x1024.jpg" alt="Canopus Decree" class="wp-image-53071" data-image-credit="Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Egypt-Canopus-Decree-714x1024.jpg 714w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Egypt-Canopus-Decree-209x300.jpg 209w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Egypt-Canopus-Decree-768x1101.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250912-Egypt-Canopus-Decree.jpg 837w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><button
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  240. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
  241. <path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
  242. </svg>
  243. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Canopus Decree</figcaption></figure>
  244.  
  245.  
  246.  
  247. <p>TELL AL-FARAUN, EGYPT—According to an <em><a href="https://egyptdailynews.com/discovery-of-a-complete-new-copy-of-the-canopus-decree-in-egypts-sharqia-governorate/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Egypt Daily News</a></em> report, Egyptian authorities announced the momentous discovery of a new complete copy of the famous Ptolemaic-era Canopus Decree, which was unearthed in the eastern Nile Delta. The Canopus Decree was a royal proclamation issued in 238 <span class="small-caps">b.c.</span> by the pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes (reigned 246–221 <span class="small-caps">b.c.</span>). It celebrated the king, his wife Berenice, and their many political achievements and religious contributions. Copies of the edict were ordered to be distributed and displayed in major temples across the land, but archaeologists have retrieved only six previous versions. The latest addition, which is the first complete copy of the text found in 150 years, was discovered at the site of Tell al-Faraun, also known as the ancient city of Imet. The top of the four-foot-high sandstone stele features a winged solar disk flanked by two royal cobras wearing the White and Red Crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. All previously found copies of the decree were trilingual and written in three scripts—hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Greek—but the new one is entirely inscribed only in hieroglyphs. The report states that this new discovery allows for a deeper understanding of how royal ideology, religious policy, and linguistic expression evolved during one of Egypt’s most complex historical periods. To read more about the religious importance of the suburb of Canopus, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/november-december-2019/digs-discoveries/trenches-egypt-thonis-heracleion/">Egypt's Temple Town</a>."</p>
  248. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/12/new-complete-copy-of-canopus-decree-recovered/">New Complete Copy of Canopus Decree Recovered</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  249. ]]></content:encoded>
  253. </item>
  254. <item>
  255. <title>Sprawling Samaritan Agricultural Villa with Decorative Mosaics Unearthed</title>
  256. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/sprawling-samaritan-agricultural-villa-with-decorative-mosaics-unearthed/</link>
  258. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  259. <pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2025 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  260. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  261. <category><![CDATA[agriculture]]></category>
  262. <category><![CDATA[Byzantine]]></category>
  263. <category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
  264. <category><![CDATA[Kafr Qasim]]></category>
  265. <category><![CDATA[mosaic]]></category>
  266. <category><![CDATA[olive press]]></category>
  267. <category><![CDATA[Samaritan]]></category>
  268. <category><![CDATA[villa]]></category>
  269. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53023</guid>
  270.  
  271. <description><![CDATA[<p>KAFR QASIM, ISRAEL—Prior to modern construction in Kafr Qasim, archaeologists discovered a marvelous agricultural estate [&#8230;]</p>
  272. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/sprawling-samaritan-agricultural-villa-with-decorative-mosaics-unearthed/">Sprawling Samaritan Agricultural Villa with Decorative Mosaics Unearthed</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  273. ]]></description>
  274. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  275. <p>KAFR QASIM, ISRAEL—Prior to modern construction in Kafr Qasim, archaeologists discovered a marvelous agricultural estate dating back more than 1,600 years, according to a statement released by the <a href="https://www.iaa.org.il/en/page_news/page/%D7%90%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94-%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8-%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Israel Antiquities Authority</a> (IAA). The sprawling villa, which was inhabited between the fourth and seventh centuries <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span>, is located in territory once associated with the ancient Samaritans. One of the property’s buildings still contained well-preserved decorative mosaics featuring depictions of fruits and vegetables, including grapes, dates, watermelons, artichokes, and asparagus. A Greek inscription by the room’s entrance wishes the villa’s owner “Good Luck,” although the proprietor’s name is only partially preserved. In other parts of the estate, archaeologists uncovered areas dedicated to the production of olive oil, including screw presses, crushing basins, and storage areas. During the fifth and sixth century <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span>, the property underwent major changes, becoming less luxurious and more industrial in nature. Experts believe that this transformation coincided with the Samaritan Revolts, when local communities repeatedly rose up against Byzantine rulers who enacted restrictive laws on members of other religions. Many Samaritan sites were completely destroyed at this time, but the newly discovered villa somehow managed to survive. “This is a fascinating site, which displays the historical gamut between the days of prosperity and the decline of the Samaritan community,” said IAA’s Alla Nagorsky. “Its long-term existence and impressive findings will allow us to reconstruct its history over centuries and will enrich our knowledge about this population in ancient times.”</p>
  276.  
  277.  
  278. <figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c863139f753&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Israel-Kafr-Qasim-Good-Luck-Mosaic-1024x576.jpg" alt="Mosaic with inscription reading Good Luck in Greek" class="wp-image-53051" data-image-credit="Emil Aladjem, Israel Antiquities Authority" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Israel-Kafr-Qasim-Good-Luck-Mosaic-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Israel-Kafr-Qasim-Good-Luck-Mosaic-300x169.jpg 300w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Israel-Kafr-Qasim-Good-Luck-Mosaic-768x432.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Israel-Kafr-Qasim-Good-Luck-Mosaic.jpg 1500w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><button
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  290. </svg>
  291. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mosaic with "Good Luck" inscription</figcaption></figure>
  292. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/sprawling-samaritan-agricultural-villa-with-decorative-mosaics-unearthed/">Sprawling Samaritan Agricultural Villa with Decorative Mosaics Unearthed</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  293. ]]></content:encoded>
  297. </item>
  298. <item>
  299. <title>Fresco Provides Rare Details About Ancient Fire Ritual</title>
  300. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/fresco-provides-rare-details-about-ancient-fire-ritual/</link>
  302. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  303. <pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2025 17:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
  304. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  305. <category><![CDATA[fire altar]]></category>
  306. <category><![CDATA[fire worship]]></category>
  307. <category><![CDATA[fresco]]></category>
  308. <category><![CDATA[Panjakent]]></category>
  309. <category><![CDATA[priest]]></category>
  310. <category><![CDATA[Sanjar-Shah]]></category>
  311. <category><![CDATA[Sogdians]]></category>
  312. <category><![CDATA[Tajikistan]]></category>
  313. <category><![CDATA[wall painting]]></category>
  314. <category><![CDATA[Zoroastrian]]></category>
  315. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53025</guid>
  316.  
  317. <description><![CDATA[<p>SANJAR-SHAH, TAJIKISTAN—Researchers have painstakingly pieced together fragments from an ancient fresco that is providing an [&#8230;]</p>
  318. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/fresco-provides-rare-details-about-ancient-fire-ritual/">Fresco Provides Rare Details About Ancient Fire Ritual</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  319. ]]></description>
  320. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  321. <p>SANJAR-SHAH, TAJIKISTAN—Researchers have painstakingly pieced together fragments from an ancient fresco that is providing an exceedingly rare look at a mysterious Sogdian fire worship ritual, <em><a href="https://centralasianlight.org/news/unique-fresco-depicting-zoroastrian-rite-discovered-in-tajikistan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Central Asian LIGHT</a></em> reports. Sections of the colorful wall painting were uncovered in the Royal Palace at Sanjar-Shah, a Sogdian site near the merchant city of Panjakent. The Sogdians were an Iranian civilization that flourished from the fifth through eighth centuries <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span> and played an instrumental role in commerce and cultural exchange along the Silk Road. The painting seems to depict a procession of four priests, and possibly a child, approaching a sacred arch and monumental altar, atop which burns a blazing fire. The leading priest kneels and raises a portable incense burner toward the altar. Similar scenes have previously been identified on ossuaries, but never before on a fresco. The restored painting has revealed formerly unknown aspects of the Sogdian ceremony, including facets of the priests’ appearance. They are depicted with short hair, beards, and long belted robes with pouches. They are also shown wearing a <em>padam</em>, a type of ritual mouth and nose covering similar to ones still used by Zoroastrian priests today to prevent impurities from reaching the sacred flame. Read the original scholarly article about this research in <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.10180" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Antiquity</a></em>. To read about excavations at Panjakent, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/july-august-2020/features/a-silk-road-renaissance/">A Silk Road Renaissance</a>."</p>
  322. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/fresco-provides-rare-details-about-ancient-fire-ritual/">Fresco Provides Rare Details About Ancient Fire Ritual</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  323. ]]></content:encoded>
  327. </item>
  328. <item>
  329. <title>Roman Workshop Specialized in Manufacturing Nails for Army Boots</title>
  330. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/roman-workshop-specialized-in-manufacturing-nails-for-army-boots/</link>
  332. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  333. <pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2025 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  334. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  335. <category><![CDATA[caligae]]></category>
  336. <category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
  337. <category><![CDATA[hobnails]]></category>
  338. <category><![CDATA[Roman army]]></category>
  339. <category><![CDATA[Roman fort]]></category>
  340. <category><![CDATA[waldmössingen]]></category>
  341. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53027</guid>
  342.  
  343. <description><![CDATA[<p>WALDMÖSSINGEN, GERMANY—La Brújula Verde reports that German archaeologists unearthed a workshop in the district of [&#8230;]</p>
  344. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/roman-workshop-specialized-in-manufacturing-nails-for-army-boots/">Roman Workshop Specialized in Manufacturing Nails for Army Boots</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  345. ]]></description>
  346. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;68c86313a1605&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image alignleft size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Germany-Waldmossingen-Roman-Boot-Shoe-Nails-1024x768.jpg" alt="Replica of a Roman soldier&rsquo;s boot and shoe nails excavated at the Roman fort of Schramberg-Waldm&ouml;ssingen" class="wp-image-53049" data-image-credit="University of Freiburg, L. Regetz" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Germany-Waldmossingen-Roman-Boot-Shoe-Nails-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Germany-Waldmossingen-Roman-Boot-Shoe-Nails-300x225.jpg 300w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Germany-Waldmossingen-Roman-Boot-Shoe-Nails-768x576.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250911-Germany-Waldmossingen-Roman-Boot-Shoe-Nails.jpg 1500w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><button
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  356. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
  357. <path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
  358. </svg>
  359. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Replica of a Roman soldier&rsquo;s boot and shoe nails excavated at the Roman fort of Schramberg-Waldm&ouml;ssingen</figcaption></figure>
  360.  
  361.  
  362.  
  363. <p>WALDMÖSSINGEN, GERMANY—<em><a href="https://www.labrujulaverde.com/en/2025/09/remains-of-a-workshop-where-nails-for-roman-caligae-were-made-discovered-in-germany/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">La Brújula Verde</a></em> reports that German archaeologists unearthed a workshop in the district of Rottweil that specifically produced the iron nails for shoes worn by the Roman army. The standard-issue Roman military footwear, known as <em>caligae</em>, were part of every soldier’s essential gear. The soles of these heavy-duty leather sandal-boots were embedded with hobnails to provide traction and durability. During the course of their service, however, active soldiers would frequently lose or dislodge these from the bottom of their boots, and the nails would then have to be replaced. While investigating a large building at the site of a former military camp in Waldmössingen, a team from the State Office for Monument Preservation and the University of Freiburg uncovered more than 100 nails, each just one-half inch in length, that were in such mint condition that they appeared to have been freshly made and never used. Experts believe that the recently excavated building produced and stored these items at a large scale in order to resupply troops stationed along the Roman frontier during the first century <span class="small-caps">a.d.</span> To read about another item Roman soldiers couldn't go without, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/july-august-2020/artifacts/artifact-france-roman-soldier-canteen/">Artifact: Roman Canteen</a>."</p>
  364. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/11/roman-workshop-specialized-in-manufacturing-nails-for-army-boots/">Roman Workshop Specialized in Manufacturing Nails for Army Boots</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  365. ]]></content:encoded>
  369. </item>
  370. <item>
  371. <title>Sculpted Warrior Vessel Linked to Sacred Peruvian Solar Rituals</title>
  372. <link>https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/10/sculpted-warrior-vessel-linked-to-sacred-peruvian-solar-rituals/</link>
  374. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Urbanus]]></dc:creator>
  375. <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2025 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  376. <category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
  377. <category><![CDATA[ceramic vessels]]></category>
  378. <category><![CDATA[Chankillo]]></category>
  379. <category><![CDATA[Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex]]></category>
  380. <category><![CDATA[elite]]></category>
  381. <category><![CDATA[Patazca style]]></category>
  382. <category><![CDATA[Peru]]></category>
  383. <category><![CDATA[solar observatory]]></category>
  384. <category><![CDATA[Warriors]]></category>
  385. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://archaeology.org/?p=53012</guid>
  386.  
  387. <description><![CDATA[<p>ANCASH, PERU—According to a report by the Andina News Agency, a unique sculptural ceramic vessel [&#8230;]</p>
  388. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/10/sculpted-warrior-vessel-linked-to-sacred-peruvian-solar-rituals/">Sculpted Warrior Vessel Linked to Sacred Peruvian Solar Rituals</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
  389. ]]></description>
  390. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure class="wp-block-image alignleft size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="682" src="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ-1024x682.jpg" alt="Warrior sculpture in situ at the Chankillo site, Ancash, Peru" class="wp-image-53031" data-image-credit="Peruvian Ministry of Culture" srcset="https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ-300x200.jpg 300w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ-768x512.jpg 768w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/News-20250910-Peru-Warrior-Vessel-In-Situ.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Warrior sculpture in situ at the Chankillo site, Ancash, Peru</figcaption></figure>
  391.  
  392.  
  393.  
  394. <p>ANCASH, PERU—According to a report by the <em><a href="https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-what-prehispanic-artifact-was-found-in-the-americas-oldest-solar-observatory-1043149.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Andina News Agency</a></em>, a unique sculptural ceramic vessel found at the site of Chankillo continues to underscore the connection between solar rituals and the military power of the elites who lived in the Casma Valley more than 2,300 years ago. The Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex features 13 monumental towers that are believed to be part of the oldest solar observatory in the Americas. By watching the sunrise or sunset from these special observation platforms, Chankillo’s ancient inhabitants would have been able to accurately determine important dates. Recent excavations near the entrance to the sacred structure uncovered a broken ceramic container belonging to the Patazca style that depicts warriors in full combat. Given the findspot, researchers suggest that the vessel was deliberately broken as part of a ritual offering. The artifact’s iconography also has links to another one of the site’s monuments, the so-called Fortified Temple, which measures 1,000 feet long and functioned as a political, military, and ritual center. This new discovery reinforces the idea that the rise of Chankillo’s warrior elites and their consolidation of power was achieved through ritual, control of the solar calendar, and military strength. For more on ancient Peru, go to "<a href="https://archaeology.org/issues/may-june-2023/features/peru-chimu-chan-chan/">Peru's Great Urban Experiment</a>."</p>
  395.  
  396.  
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  409. </svg>
  410. </button><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Reconstruction of the sculpted warrior vessel</figcaption></figure>
  411. <p>The post <a href="https://archaeology.org/news/2025/09/10/sculpted-warrior-vessel-linked-to-sacred-peruvian-solar-rituals/">Sculpted Warrior Vessel Linked to Sacred Peruvian Solar Rituals</a> appeared first on <a href="https://archaeology.org">Archaeology Magazine</a>.</p>
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