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... edia described immediately below.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" > <channel> <title>RSS Raw Goods</title> <link>https://rawgoods.org/</link> <description>Raw Goods</description> <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2025 09:31:07 +0200</lastBuildDate> <language>en</language> <sy:updatePeriod>daily</sy:updatePeriod> <sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency> <item> <title>Calcium oxide</title> <description>Synonyms: Burned lime; Burnt lime; Lime, Pebble lime; Quicklime; Unslaked lime OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0520 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 1305-78-8 NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/calcium_oxide_eac_egyptian_amirican_company.jpg" alt="Calcium oxide" align="left" /><p>Synonyms: Burned lime; Burnt lime; Lime, Pebble lime; Quicklime; Unslaked lime OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0520 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 1305-78-8 NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: EW3100000 Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1910 157 chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 - 5 mg/m3 TWA Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A - 5 mg/m3 TWA Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards - 5 mg/m3 TWA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2 mg/m3 TWA National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 2 mg/m3 TWA NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 25 mg/m3 Potential Symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, upper respiratory tract; ulcerated, perforated nasal septum; pneumonitis, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); lacrimation, spasmodic blinking; brittle nails, irritant contact dermatitis Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin-Marked (HE14) Affected Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system Notes: Calcium oxide is affirmed by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) direct food substance (21 CFR 184.1210). Prolonged contact with wet cement, which is alkaline due to the reaction of water with calcium oxide to form calcium hydroxide, can result in full-thickness skin burns that may require surgical treatment. Literature Basis: Cain, W.S., et al.: Sensory and associated reactions to mineral dusts: sodium borate, calcium oxide, and calcium sulfate. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1(4): 222-236, 2004. Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Calcium Oxide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 468-470. Spoo, J. and Elsner, P.: Cement burns: a review 1960-2000. Contact Dermatitis 45(2): 68-71, 2001. Winder, C. and Carmody, M.: The dermal toxicity of cement. Toxicol. Ind. Health 18(7): 321-331, 2002. Primary Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method (SLC1): Federal OSHA and OSHA State Plan personnel submitting samples to the OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center Laboratory for calcium oxide analysis must use the tared gravimetric sampling media described immediately below.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Calcium Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/CalciumOxide/calcium-oxide</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/CalciumOxide/calcium-oxide</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2025 05:31:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Nitric oxide nanoparticles</title> <description>A new platform using biocompatible materials is presented for generating powders comprised of nanoparticles that release therapeutic levels of nitric oxide (NO) in a controlled and sustained manner. The capacity of these ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/journal_of_pharmacy_and_bioallied_sciences.jpg" alt="Journal of Pharmacy And" align="left" /><p>A new platform using biocompatible materials is presented for generating powders comprised of nanoparticles that release therapeutic levels of nitric oxide (NO) in a controlled and sustained manner. The capacity of these particles to retain and gradually release NO arises from their having combined features of both glassy matrices and hydrogels. This feature allows both for the generation of NO through the thermal reduction of added nitrite by glucose and for the retention of the generated NO within the dry particles. Exposure of these robust biocompatible nanoparticles to moisture initiates the sustained release of the trapped NO over extended time periods as determined both fluorimetrically and amperometrically. The slow sustained release is in contrast to the much faster release pattern associated with the hydration-initialed NO release in powders derived from glassy matrices. These glasses are prepared using trehalose and sucrose doped with either glucose or tagatose as the source of thermal electrons needed to convert nitrite to gNO. Significantly, the release profiles for the NO in the hydrogel/glass composite materials are found to be an easily tuned parameter that is modulated through the specific additives used in preparing the hydrogel/glass composites. The presented data raise the prospect that these new NO releasing nanoparticles can be easily formulated for use under a wide range of therapeutic circumstances. Abbreviations gNO, Gaseous nitric oxide; NO, Nitric oxide; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TMOS, Tetramethylorthosilicate (also known as tetramethoxysilane); PEG, Polyethylene glycol; DAF, Diaminofluorescein Keywords Nitric oxide; Nanotechnology; Sustained release; Nitrite; Trehalose; Sucrose; Glucose; Tagatose; Hydrogel; PEG; Chitosan; Platform technology</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-nanoparticles</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-nanoparticles</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2025 05:29:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Where to Find Nitrous oxide?</title> <description>The Liverpool boss says he will discuss the youngster's unprofessional off-field activities, but is convinced he will not be distracted and remains a key player for the side Brendan Rodgers says he will speak to Raheem Sterling ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/muscle_cars_and_nitrous_oxide_nos.jpg" alt="Infernus_GTAV-Front.jpg" align="left" /><p>The Liverpool boss says he will discuss the youngster's unprofessional off-field activities, but is convinced he will not be distracted and remains a key player for the side Brendan Rodgers says he will speak to Raheem Sterling after he was pictured inhaling nitrous oxide, but insists the controversy will not affect the Liverpool youngster. England international Sterling had a mixed Monday, netting the opening goal in the Reds' 2-0 victory over Newcastle but facing fresh scrutiny after The Sun acquired a video of him apparently passed out after inhaling the legal high. Sterling has also recently been pictured with a shisha pipe and Rodgers says he will discuss the 20-year-old's off-field activities privately, admitting that he needs to remain professional away from the pitch as well as on it. "I will speak to Raheem on that. Until then, it is something we will deal with internally, " the Liverpool boss told reporters. "For me it is something that, as a professional sportsperson at the top, I don't think it is something you should be doing. It is as simple as that. But I will speak to him. We want players here who are super professional and focused on their football. He very much is." Speaking to Sky Sports , he added: "It's one where internally we'll always look after these types of items. "He's a young kid who has been in the spotlight now so he knows the demands of being a top-class player and a top-class professional. It's not just on the field, it’s off the field. So I'll speak with him on it and we'll move on." Sterling did not appear to be affected by the furore as he bagged a stunning opening goal for Liverpool at Anfield, and Rodgers has no fears that he will be distracted by the episode. "You see the way he plays. He is a kid that is very strong willed and strong minded. He should have had a hat-trick, his performance was outstanding, him and [Philippe] Coutinho. "He's a kid who is non-stop, he wants to learn and improve himself. I thought he was outstanding tonight. "He'll be disappointed he didn't get three goals this evening, the second one he should slot away. But wonderful skill and ability for the first goal, and he was tireless all evening, pressing the ball, and he's always a threat."</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Nitrous Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/NitrousOxide/where-to-find-nitrous-oxide</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/NitrousOxide/where-to-find-nitrous-oxide</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2025 05:26:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Sunblock with zinc oxide</title> <description>What does non-nano mean in a zinc sunscreen? There are many words today that are buzz words – either meaning safety or scary. The average customer only knows that products shouldn’t contain these ingredients, but not fully ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/sunbeamssmall.jpg" alt="Natural Anti aging Sunblock" align="left" /><p>What does non-nano mean in a zinc sunscreen? There are many words today that are buzz words – either meaning safety or scary. The average customer only knows that products shouldn’t contain these ingredients, but not fully understanding what these words mean. So, I’ve written this regarding non-nano zinc. Are babo’s 30 SPF sunscreens non-nano zinc? The majority of questions Babo receives today is – “Are your zinc sunscreens non-nano?” A nano particle will enter the blood stream but a non-nano will not. For that reason, non-nano is safer. Chemical sunscreens will enter the bloodstream and that is why DNA altering ingredients like oxybenzone has gotten such bad press recently. The reason our zinc is clear is that the jojoba oil helps emulsify it. It does not mean that the particles are now super small. Nano comes from the Greek word “nanos” and means “Dwarf.” 1 nanometre = one billionth of a metre, meaning a nanoparticle is a particle smaller than 100 nanometers. Therefore a non-nano particle is larger than 100nm. Our Babo clear zinc has been tested to be 700 nm so far more above 100nm. What is zinc oxide? Zinc is a powered mineral that sits on top of the skin. It can stand alone as a sunblock because it is truly effective against UVA, UVB and even UVC rays. It has been widely used in diaper creams because of its safety and effectiveness. Titanium Dioxide does not protect from UVB rays in the same way zinc does. The biggest concern with nano particles in cosmetics is the threat of inhalation when they are used in powders and sprays. This is not a concern with zinc because it is put in a lotion or balm. The environmental organization highly recommends a NANO based product over a chemical one for this reason.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Zinc Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/ZincOxide/sunblock-with-zinc-oxide</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/ZincOxide/sunblock-with-zinc-oxide</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 05:26:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Black Oxide Plating</title> <description>Dress Countersunk Washers are designed for standard 82 degree flat head bolts and screws. The countersunk Inner Diameter allows the screw to mount flush in the washer, presenting a safe and good looking joint. Designed for hand ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/how_to_remove_rust_zinc_and.jpg" alt="How to remove black oxide from" align="left" /><p>Dress Countersunk Washers are designed for standard 82 degree flat head bolts and screws. The countersunk Inner Diameter allows the screw to mount flush in the washer, presenting a safe and good looking joint. Designed for hand wheels, cranks, and any moving part that is on the outside of a product, the washer spreads the load from the joint across a wider area, and presents a safe and secure fastening. Manufactured on Lathes, these fully machined and finished parts are more industrial component than flat washer. The line accepts standard screws from number 8 through 1/4" bolts, with an extra thickness that looks good and provides extra holding power. Made in the USA from DFARS compliant 12L14 Low Carbon Steel, then case hardened and black oxide plated for strength, appearance, and a slight corrosion inhibitor. A component washer that has a 82 degree countersunk inner diameter that allows any standard flat head screw to seat flush with the top of the washer, presenting a completely finished and smooth appearance A machined component perfect for exposed applications that require strength and a smooth and flush dressed appearance Machined from 12L14 Low Carbon Steel, with a Black Oxide plating A machined component used on faceplates, handles, and anywhere you need flush mount</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Black Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/BlackOxide/black-oxide-plating</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/BlackOxide/black-oxide-plating</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2025 05:24:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Calcium oxide hydrochloric acid</title> <description>Purpose The lime should have a purity of at least 70% by weight of CaO when tested as follows: Procedure Take one gram of powdered lime, accurately weighed, in a platinum crucible. Place it in an oven maintained at 105 + 20C ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/uranium_chemistry_special_nuclear_material.jpg" alt="Acid is uneconomical if the" align="left" /><p>Purpose The lime should have a purity of at least 70% by weight of CaO when tested as follows: Procedure Take one gram of powdered lime, accurately weighed, in a platinum crucible. Place it in an oven maintained at 105 + 20C until, on cooling and weighing, constant mass is obtained. Heat the crucible first gently and then ignite in a muffle furnace at 10000 Cool the crucible in a desiccator and weigh to a constant mass. Transfer the ignited lime, to a beaker, add 50 ml of water and mix well. Add 10 to 15 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and boil for 15 min. Filter, wash with hot water, ignite and weight to constant mass. To the filtrate, add concentrated hydrochloric acid, if necessary, in sufficient amount to make the total amount equivalent to 10 to 15 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add a few drops of nitric acid and boil. Dilute to 200-250 ml. Add slight excess of ammonium hydroxide and keep just below the boiling point until the odour of ammonia is barely perceptible. Filter off the iron and aluminium hydroxide while hot, collecting the filtrate in a 250 ml volumetric flask. Wash with hot water. Ignite the residue in a platinum crucible, blast, cool in a desiccators and weigh as aluminium oxide and ferric oxide. Make up the filtrate to 250 ml. Pipette out 50 ml of the filtrate in a beaker and dilute to 100 ml. Heat to boiling and add slowly about 35 ml of boiling ammonium oxalate solution. Continue boiling for 2 or 3 min and allow the precipitated calcium oxalate to settle for half an hour. Filter the precipitated calcium oxalate through filter paper. Wash thoroughly with small portions of dilute ammonium hydroxide (1 N) and then with hot water until the washing do not decolourise a hot dilute potassium permanganate solution in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid. Puncture the filter paper and transfer the precipitate to the beaker already used for precipitation with a fine jet of hot water. Add about 50 ml of dilute sulphuric acid, heat to 600C and titrate with standard potassium permanganate solution with constant stirring. Towards the end of the titration, introduce the filter paper which was used for filtration into the titration vessel and carry out the titration till the end point is reached. Carry out a blank with all reagents following...</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Calcium Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/CalciumOxide/calcium-oxide-hydrochloric-acid</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/CalciumOxide/calcium-oxide-hydrochloric-acid</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 05:24:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Where to Buy iron oxide powder?</title> <description>Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Synonyms: Magnetite, Fe3O4, Black iron oxide, Iron(II, III) oxide, Ferrous ferric oxide, Black iron oxide nanoparticle, MIL-I-275B, CAS# 1309-38-2, CAS# 1317-61-9 Magnetic oxide, Triiron tetraoxide ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/magnetic_powder_turns_silly_putty_into.jpg" alt="Magnetic Powder Turns Silly" align="left" /><p>Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Synonyms: Magnetite, Fe3O4, Black iron oxide, Iron(II, III) oxide, Ferrous ferric oxide, Black iron oxide nanoparticle, MIL-I-275B, CAS# 1309-38-2, CAS# 1317-61-9 Magnetic oxide, Triiron tetraoxide, Magnetic black, Ferrosoferric oxide, Iron black, Fenosoferric oxide, Black iron BM, Iron(III) oxide, Ferro ferric oxide, Black iron sand, Magnetite sand, River sand, Beach magnetite sand, Satetsu, Super paramagnetic iron oxide, b) Fe3H2O4 Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Description: a) Magnetite is a natural iron oxide magnet, hence the name, giving it a very nice distinguishing characteristic. Magnetite is the most magnetic of all the minerals on Earth. b) Magnetite is a member of the spinel group which has the standard formula A(B)2O4. The A and B represent different metal ions that occupy specific sites in the crystal structure. In the case of magnetite, Fe3O4, the A metal is Fe +2 and the B metal is Fe +3; two different metal ions in two specific sites. This arrangement causes a transfer of electrons between the different irons in a structured path or vector. This electric vector generates a magnetic field. c) Lustrous black, magnetic mineral, Fe3O4. It occurs in crystals of the cubic system, in masses, and as a loose sand. It is one of the important ores of iron (magnetic iron ore) and is a common constituent of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is found in various parts of the United States, Norway, Sweden, and the Urals. A variety of magnetite, lodestone (or loadstone) exhibits polarity and is especially interesting for its natural magnetism; Magnet Cove, Ark. became famous as a source. d) Magnetite is sometimes found in large quantities in beach sand. Such mineral sands or iron sands or black sands are found in various places such as California and the west coast of New Zealand. The magnetite is carried to the beach via rivers from erosion and is concentrated via wave action and currents. Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Typical Chemical Properties Available: a) Purity Available: 96% to 99.9% b) A food grade magnetite is readily available from READE c) A Superparamagnetic iron oxide is available (10 microns in size)- no magnetic memory Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Typical Physical Properties Available: a) Lumps, pieces, targets, granules and various powder granulations down to 0.020 microns b) Standard low micron APS (d50) granulations are readily available at 10 microns, 18 microns and 63 microns c) Black iron oxide nanoparticles are readily available as small as 10 nanometers d) Custom granulations are available at premium pricing Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Nominal Physical Constants: Luster Metallic Tenacity Brittle ID Mark Ferromagnetic Solid Density (gm/cm3) 5.1 Streak Black pH Transparency Opaque Mohs Hardness @20°C 5.5 to 6.5 Fracture Conchoidal Specific Gravity 5.17 to 5.18 Color Black to grayish Crystal System Isometric Mohs Hardness 5.5 to 6.0 Particle Shape Irregular Magnetic Properties Ferri magnetic Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite Typical Applications: a) Magnetite is an important ore of iron. Its perfect crystals are also famous among mineral collectors. This mineral is of scientific interest because of its special magnetic properties. b) Magnetite is used as a pigment for magnetic applications, magnetic graphic applications, polishing compounds, cosmetics, medicines, polymer and rubber filler, building and construction, appliances, and magnetic inks. 50 lbs. bags, poly-lined fiber drums, bulk bags and loose bulk Black Iron Oxide / Magnetite TSCA Status: a) Magnetite components are listed on the TSCA inventory. b) A food grade magnetite powder is readily available from READE in commercial quantities.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Iron Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/IronOxide/where-to-buy-iron-oxide-powder</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/IronOxide/where-to-buy-iron-oxide-powder</guid> <pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2025 14:55:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Nitric Oxide, blood vessel</title> <description>Nitric oxide is a very unusual molecule to be playing a role in physiological regulation. It is a free radical and volatile gas with a half-life in the body measured in seconds. We have already briefly encountered nitric oxide in ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/the_stunning_blood_vessels_of_our.jpg" alt="Blood Vessels Sem" align="left" /><p>Nitric oxide is a very unusual molecule to be playing a role in physiological regulation. It is a free radical and volatile gas with a half-life in the body measured in seconds. We have already briefly encountered nitric oxide in the context of oxygen radicals in phagolysosomes. There nitric oxide is synthesized to interact with the oxygen radicals in killing phagocytized microbes. But curiously enough, nitric oxide also serves as a neurotransmitter in certain places. However, it is very different from other neurotransmitters in that is can easily diffuse over short distances and affects more than one cell. Also, in blood vessels nitric oxide is released as a paracrine that relaxes smooth muscle cells. This leads to the dilation of blood vessels. Nitric oxide synthesis begins when the enzyme nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is activated. This enzyme acts on an amino acid (L-arginine) to create nitric oxide. There are three forms of nitric oxide synthase, which correspond to its three areas of action: phagocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. When nitric oxide acts as a regulatory molecule, it diffuses to and activates a guanylyl cyclase that is located in the cytosol of the target cell (soluble guanylyl cyclase). Guanylyl cyclase converts GTP to cyclic GMP (cGMP), which then serves as the second messenger that causes the cellular action. The diagram to the right shows how activation of nitric oxide synthase in an endothelial cell leads to dilation of a blood vessel. The stimulus, for example, might be a regulatory molecule that activates the nitric oxide synthase in the endothelium. The resulting nitric oxide diffuses to the surrounding smooth muscle cells, increasing cGMP which leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle around the the periphery of the blood vessels. This allows the blood vessel to dilate, allowing greater blood flow. Several important drug actions revolve around nitric oxide. Nitroglycerin is converted to nitric oxide in the blood, which is why it dilates of blood vessels serving the heart. Sildenafil (Viagra®) and similar drugs for treating erectile dysfunction specifically block a form of phosphodiestase found in the penis. The function of the phosphodiesterase is to break down cGMP. Sildenafil causes more cGMP to be present, and thus more dilation of the blood vessels supplying blood to the erectile tissue in the penis .</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-blood-vessel</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-blood-vessel</guid> <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jul 2025 14:52:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Nitric oxide Test</title> <description>Nitric Oxide Test Strips allow you to test the amount of Nitric Oxide in your blood. Beets are the New Black Beets are often overlooked among the pantheon of fruits and vegetables. Incomparable apples and oranges have long been ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/the_biostimulator_luxwaves.jpg" alt="The Biostimulator" align="left" /><p>Nitric Oxide Test Strips allow you to test the amount of Nitric Oxide in your blood. Beets are the New Black Beets are often overlooked among the pantheon of fruits and vegetables. Incomparable apples and oranges have long been the headliners. Corn and potatoes are manly and come from states that start with the letter I. Lettuce has cornered the market on the whole salad thing, although Kale keeps trying to get a foot in the door. Until recently, beets didn’t get much press outside Russian novelists alluding to the hardscrabble lives of the peasantry. Now beets are in the spotlight because of their high concentration of healthy vegetable nitrates. The body converts these nitrates into nitric oxide and zoom! off you go, your circulation improved, stamina increased. You’ve been Six –Million-Dollar-Manned by a shot of beet juice. Go Ahead and Test It You might say, “But hey, like, no way is that possible.” (or if you’re more eloquent than that) “Zounds!, ” you’d probably say, wiping clean your precious monocle. “Unlikely proposition!” It’s both possible and likely! It’s also very testable thanks to Berkeley Test’s Nitric Oxide Test Strips. These fancy strips are easy to use. Pop one end on your tongue, take it out after five seconds. Touch the saliva end to the test end and it will turn pink, dark pink or not-so-pink red depending on your nitric oxide levels. We Sell Nitric Oxide Test Strips Best of all, you can purchase nitric oxide test strips along with your Red Rush to make sure that you’re getting enough in your system to keep your body working at peak levels. In fact, the first 1, 500 orders of Red Rush will come with four Berkeley NO strips in a deal we’re calling the Early Berk(eley) Special. (Full disclosure: No one else around here is actually calling it that.) “Berkeley Test reminds me to keep natural whole foods rich in nitric oxide as an integral component to my training diet for optimal performance.”</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-test</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/NitricOxide/nitric-oxide-test</guid> <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2025 14:52:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Oxidation state of sulfur</title> <description>In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/what_is_the_oxidation_state_of.jpg" alt="What is the oxidation state of" align="left" /><p>In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 percent ionic. Oxidation states are represented by Arabic numerals and can be positive, negative, or zero. The increase in oxidation state of an atom is known as an oxidation; a decrease in oxidation state is known as a reduction. Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons, a net gain in electrons being a reduction and a net loss of electrons being an oxidation. In this manner, the concept of oxidation state helps scientists understand oxidation-reduction (redox) chemical reactions. History The concept of oxidation state in its current meaning was introduced by W. M. Latimer in 1938. Oxidation itself was first studied by Antoine Lavoisier, who held the belief that oxidation was literally the results of reactions of the elements with oxygen and that the common bond in any salt was based on oxygen. Official definition and rules Here is the definition of the oxidation state, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC): Oxidation state: A measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance. It is defined as the charge an atom might be imagined to have when electrons are counted according to an agreed-upon set of rules: (l) the oxidation state of a free element (uncombined element) is zero; (2) for a simple (monatomic) ion, the oxidation state is equal to the net charge on the ion; (3) hydrogen has an oxidation state of 1 and oxygen has an oxidation state of -2 when they are present in most compounds. (Exceptions to this are that hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1 in hydrides of active metals, e.g. LiH, and oxygen has an oxidation state of -1 in peroxides, e.g. H2O2; (4) the algebraic sum of oxidation states of all atoms in a neutral molecule must be zero, while in ions the algebraic sum of the oxidation states of the constituent atoms must be equal to the charge on the ion. For example, the oxidation states of sulfur in H2S, S8 (elementary sulfur), SO2, SO3, and H2SO4 are, respectively: -2, 0, +4, +6 and +6. The higher the oxidation state of a given atom, the greater is its degree of oxidation; the lower the oxidation state, the greater is its degree of reduction. Calculation of formal oxidation states There are two common ways of computing the oxidation state of an atom in a compound. The first one is used for molecules when one has a Lewis structure, as is often the case for organic molecules, while the second one is used for simple compounds (molecular or not) and does not require a Lewis structure. It should be remembered that the oxidation state of an atom does not represent the "real" charge on that atom: this is particularly true of high oxidation states, where the ionization energy required to produce a multiply positive ion are far greater than the energies available in chemical reactions. The assignment of electrons between atoms in calculating an oxidation state is purely a formalism, albeit a useful one for the understanding of many chemical reactions.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Zinc Oxide]]></category> <link>https://rawgoods.org/ZincOxide/oxidation-state-of-sulfur</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rawgoods.org/ZincOxide/oxidation-state-of-sulfur</guid> <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 14:51:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> </channel></rss>If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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