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<description>Towards building Cyber Jurisprudence in India</description>
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<title>Topmail the E Mail provider is a conspirator of the Karnataka E Mail terror crime</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/e-mail-provider-is-a-conspirator-of-the-karnataka-e-mail-terror-crime/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/e-mail-provider-is-a-conspirator-of-the-karnataka-e-mail-terror-crime/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2023 02:41:07 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16181</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The 26/11 sympathisers emboldened by the appeasement attitude of the politicians in the Karnataka State Government and voted by the corrupt voters of Karnataka, have threatened several schools in Bangalore with an email and created a state of terror in … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/e-mail-provider-is-a-conspirator-of-the-karnataka-e-mail-terror-crime/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="572" height="634" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-02_08-13-00.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16186" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-02_08-13-00.jpg 572w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-12-02_08-13-00-271x300.jpg 271w" sizes="(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px" /></figure>
The 26/11 sympathisers emboldened by the appeasement attitude of the politicians in the Karnataka State Government and voted by the corrupt voters of Karnataka, have threatened several schools in Bangalore with an email and created a state of terror in the city and the nation.
If one looks at the content of the e-mail, it appears that this incident cannot be considered as a simple bomb threat but it is a threat to kill non believers of Islam. It is therefore an act of terrorism and law enforcement should book the case as a terrorist act. 
This case comes under the jurisdiction of NIA and not state Police.
I urge the Central Government and MHA to take note and immediately take over the investigation. The State Police under the influence of the current political masters will only be interested in brushing the incident under the carpet.
Leaving the comments on the political aspects aside, let us look deeper at the legal issue where we also need to flag the role of E Mail providers in such crimes. The current system of anonymous e-mails is a system that does not fit into this Hamas age. It must be disbanded even if it hurts the progress of mankind. We need to switch over to “Identified E Mail user system” where e-mail service is provided only to those who are verified. 
To start with, E-mail providers should start the practice of flagging “Unverified” e-mails as “Potential Spam” so that existing spam filters automatically flag such e-mails. Subsequently KYC based e-mail system should be used by the community. 
In the current case, the email has come from topmail.com. Case should be registered against them and the domain should be immediately blocked from India under Section 69A of ITA 2000.
Currently there are some e-mail service providers who provide secure email service for corporate purpose. In such cases the corporate admin becomes the KYC assurance provider and takes care of verifying the user and onboarding them onto the e-mail system. No outsider can either send or receive emails from the domain. (eg: <a href="https://ledgermail.io/" target="_blank" aria-label="ledgermail (opens in a new tab)" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ek-link">ledgermail</a>)
Similar system should be used for public e-mail with several trust providers hosting the service of authenticating the end users. The Government may take care of authenticating the authenticators through an appropriate accreditation system.
The DPDPA-2023 now has a system of “Consent Managers” and it is time that E Mail services are also provided through such consent managers who are licensed and who should verify the users and then provide access to the current e-mail service providers. 
The e-mail providers would be data fiduciaries who should be able to provide security including provision of information under 69B of ITA 2000. They are also subject to the provisions of Section 69A as well as Section 69. They can be blocked and demanded with decryption of encrypted e-mails.
All Consent Manager systems under DPDPA should be also declared as protected systems under Section 70 of ITA 2000.
Service Providers such as G Mail need to introduce a system of flagging the originating IP address and drop the system of substituting proxy IP address which contributes to the proliferation of phishing and terror emails. 
The current system of “Redaction” of Domain name users accepted by ICANN is a fraud on the society. It has no relevance to “Privacy” since hosting a domain name does not come under any Privacy protected activities and the registrants have no Privacy Rights”.
Not introducing measures of flagging the originating IP address and the name and address of the registrant of the domain should be considered as a support to Phishing and therefore should render the E Mail service providers to be convicted for assisting in the commission of a crime.
This practice should start with the current Karnataka E Mail incident when a notice has to be issued to the e-mail provider to either own up the mail or identify the account holder under Section 69B of ITA 2000. If there is non-cooperation, case should be booked under Section 66F of ITA 2000 for creating terror in the community. 
Anything other than such action would be considered as un-satisfactory. 
Naavi
A Whois enquiry reveals that the domain name registrar of topmail.com has redacted the information on the topmail.com registrant and therefore made himself liable for being considered as part of the conspiracy. Hence the FIR should include Ke-Systems GmbH as the registrar who has abetted the crime. The registration appears to have been made from www.topsectechnology.com. The other domains involved in the hosting include topsec.com and an email dataprotected@maskeddetail.com, a referral domain tieredaccess.com .
It is necessary for the investigators to get into tieredaccess.com to find the identities. observed that these terror hosts are hosting their content in AWS. 
Topmail is a customer of AWA. Probably AWS may have some of the information of the origin of these e-mails and information to block topmail service. Even the associate intermediaries such as AWS should be issued notices under Section 69B for information.
The FIR should include all these agencies (and more) as conspirators under Section 120 of IPC and the investigation should be undertaken at the international level.
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</item>
<item>
<title>Data Driven Public Private partnerships</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/data-driven-public-private-partnerships/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/data-driven-public-private-partnerships/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Dec 2023 02:58:09 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16175</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Whenever we think of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, the immediate recall are the infrastructure projects like the Roads where there is a large investment requirements for public benefit, but the skills and resources are to be contributed by the … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/data-driven-public-private-partnerships/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
Whenever we think of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, the immediate recall are the infrastructure projects like the Roads where there is a large investment requirements for public benefit, but the skills and resources are to be contributed by the private sector. 
These road projects generate huge amount of data through the tolls. Similarly CCTV projects for traffic management or public health management projects also generate enormous amount of data as part of the project. 
Considering that “Data” has a large financial value, it should be one of the key parameters in planning and executing such projects and we are doubtful if it is being given the due attention at present.
In addition to the traditional PPP projects where “Data” of substantial value is generated as a fall out of the project, there are certain projects where “Data” is the “Primary Project Asset”. 
One example I can recall is the financial data of Banks and Credit card companies which is a valuable data asset from which huge revenue is generated by private data processing companies including the VISA and Master Cards.
If these Banks are “Public Sector” Banks or Government entities, there is a legitimate concern that the data asset used or generated in the project is a sovereign asset and are being given away to private use. 
This kind of data requires to be not only protected and stored locally but we need to ensure that the commercial benefits arising out of the data ownership remains with the Indian Public entity at all times.
In most of the Data Driven PPP projects, the role of the Government could be to invoke the exemptions available under law to collect and process citizen’s data which is not available to the private entity while the skills can be brought in as a contribution of the private sector.
In this context, “Data Governance” becomes an important element of PPP projects that need to be factored in every PPP project. While this is more easily recognized in the citizen centric projects where there is large personal data generation, it is also important to remember that “Non Personal Data” collected during sensitive projects such as Airports or Railways etc are also important from national security point of view.
One example of what happens when “Data Governance” is neglected is the way 500+million data of Indian Banking customers effectively changed hands from Indian Banks to Transunion, a private US based company with the take over of CIBIL by TransUnion. 
The unfortunate part of the transfer of nearly 90% shares of CIBIL to TransUnion was that all our Public Sector Banks and the RBI (Then under Mr Raghuram Rajan) did not make it transparent on the value of consideration they obtained for the transfer of shares to TransUnion. 
This was a fraud on the shareholders of these Banks. Even SEBI which should have been alert to such share transfer remained silent. The Government of India which should have considered this as a “Data Laundering” incident similar to “Money Laundering” chose to remain silent and continues to do so even to this day. The Supreme Court which pokes its nose in every administrative aspect of the Government did not take any suo moto recognition of the transfer of 50 crore plus data sets containing sensitive financial information each of which could be valued at around rs 1000/- in the dark web without proper transparency.
I am also reminded of another project where Mysore university wanted Google to undertake a digitization project of its library unmindful of the value of information that was being transferred to Google from all the ancient texts which were being scanned. I am not sure if the project went through.
The failure of “Data Governance” in PPP projects therefore will be a factor that all of us should remember could lead to valuable Indian assets being plundered by private sector of foreign origin. 
Hopefully the Government of the day incorporates a “Data Governance Audit” as a mandatory aspect of clearance of all Data Driven Governance Projects. 
Naavi
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item>
<item>
<title>IDPS 2023 successfully conducted</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-successfully-conducted/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-successfully-conducted/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sun, 26 Nov 2023 08:05:35 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16166</guid>
<description><![CDATA[FDPPI successfully conducted its annual flagship event IDPS 2023 o.n 24th and 25th November 2023. The event was held in association with Manipal Law School, Yelahanka. After three years of virtual events, this year, the event was conducted physically in … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-successfully-conducted/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
FDPPI successfully conducted its annual flagship event IDPS 2023 o.n 24th and 25th November 2023. The event was held in association with Manipal Law School, Yelahanka.
After three years of virtual events, this year, the event was conducted physically in the Manipal Law School Auditorium, in Yelahanka Bengaluru.
The theme of this year’s seminar was “Emerging Technologies” and sessions were built around the challenges that new technologies such as AI, Metaverse, etc present to the community.
There were six keynote sessions and six panel discussions as follows
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="623" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-26_10-21-54-1024x623.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16167" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-26_10-21-54-1024x623.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-26_10-21-54-300x183.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-26_10-21-54-768x467.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-11-26_10-21-54.jpg 1106w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="980" height="834" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/idps_program-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16170" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/idps_program-1.jpg 980w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/idps_program-1-300x255.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/idps_program-1-768x654.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px" /></figure>
The seminar discussed the current and emerging regulations in the area of Emerging new technologies in India and compliance challenges. 
The one and only available framework for DPDPA 2023 compliance namely the Digital Governance and Protection Standard of India (DGPSI) was introduced with the key principles that has gone behind the framework. 
The impact of DPDPA 2023 on start ups and whether it would facilitate adequacy status for GDPR was also discussed
33 different speakers were involved in different sessions and shared their valuable insights.
The program ended with an insightful valedictory address by honourable Justice (Dr) Prabhakara Sastry of the Karnataka High Court. 
During the event FDPPI gave away awards to 5 different professionals for their contributions to the Privacy Domain. The winners were
<ol>
<li>Chairman’s Award: Ramesh Venkataraman, Carl Zeiss, Bengaluru</li>
<li>Privacy Advocate : Advocate M G Kodandaram, Bangalore</li>
<li>Privacy Knight: Dr Raghuveer Kaur, Cateina Technologies/Starfisth Digital</li>
<li>Privacy Champion (Team) : SEAMEX Team</li>
<li>Privacy Crusader (Group): Team DSAR .</li>
</ol>
FDPPI also announced that the theme of IDPS 2024 would be “Regulation and Innovation in the wonderland of Robots and Cyborgs”.
A more detailed report on the event would be available separately.
Naavi
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-successfully-conducted/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item>
<item>
<title>Rs 24000 worth Corporate training available for Rs 3000?</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/rs-24000-worth-corporate-training-available-for-rs-3000/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/rs-24000-worth-corporate-training-available-for-rs-3000/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 22 Nov 2023 05:48:19 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16149</guid>
<description><![CDATA[If you are smart, you would realize that the IDPS 2023 of FDPPI offers 12 hours of onsite training on issues related to Advanced Technology, Privacy, Data Protection etc. The following information (also available at www.idps2023.in) provides a glimpse of … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/rs-24000-worth-corporate-training-available-for-rs-3000/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
If you are smart, you would realize that the IDPS 2023 of FDPPI offers 12 hours of onsite training on issues related to Advanced Technology, Privacy, Data Protection etc.
The following information (also available at <a href="http://www.idps2023.in" target="_blank" aria-label="www.idps2023.in (opens in a new tab)" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ek-link">www.idps2023.in</a>) provides a glimpse of content coverage that the seminar would provide.
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1250" height="1563" src="http://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16150" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456.jpg 1250w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456-240x300.jpg 240w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456-819x1024.jpg 819w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456-768x960.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/fc419f81-be38-4557-9bd3-f0779afdb456-1228x1536.jpg 1228w" sizes="(max-width: 1250px) 100vw, 1250px" /></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="819" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed-819x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16155" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed-819x1024.jpg 819w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed-240x300.jpg 240w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed-768x960.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed-1228x1536.jpg 1228w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/df1cfbad-4e89-4baa-b4bd-5389ad87e7ed.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="920" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1ffcc4cd-a27a-41ba-b3e8-4e8d4b22737b-920x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16156" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1ffcc4cd-a27a-41ba-b3e8-4e8d4b22737b-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1ffcc4cd-a27a-41ba-b3e8-4e8d4b22737b-269x300.jpg 269w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1ffcc4cd-a27a-41ba-b3e8-4e8d4b22737b-768x855.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/1ffcc4cd-a27a-41ba-b3e8-4e8d4b22737b.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="920" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/57b9edd3-ee73-4279-959d-ce7dfe64fe42-920x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16157" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/57b9edd3-ee73-4279-959d-ce7dfe64fe42-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/57b9edd3-ee73-4279-959d-ce7dfe64fe42-269x300.jpg 269w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/57b9edd3-ee73-4279-959d-ce7dfe64fe42-768x855.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/57b9edd3-ee73-4279-959d-ce7dfe64fe42.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="920" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/b041045b-0a9f-4e99-9636-c9b9bffc1e72-920x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16158" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/b041045b-0a9f-4e99-9636-c9b9bffc1e72-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/b041045b-0a9f-4e99-9636-c9b9bffc1e72-269x300.jpg 269w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/b041045b-0a9f-4e99-9636-c9b9bffc1e72-768x855.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/b041045b-0a9f-4e99-9636-c9b9bffc1e72.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="920" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/c4cf446b-c669-4184-828b-66a445585c9c-920x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16159" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/c4cf446b-c669-4184-828b-66a445585c9c-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/c4cf446b-c669-4184-828b-66a445585c9c-269x300.jpg 269w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/c4cf446b-c669-4184-828b-66a445585c9c-768x855.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/c4cf446b-c669-4184-828b-66a445585c9c.jpg 1250w" sizes="(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /></figure>
The program will start at 10.00 am on 24th and will be held at the auditorium of Manipal Law School, MAHE Campus, Yelahanka, Bengaluru. 
Please check out for registration form at <a aria-label="www.idps2023.in (opens in a new tab)" href="http://www.idps2023.in" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ek-link">www.idps2023.in</a> 
We believe that a 12 hour engagement that IDPS 2023 represents is worth more than Rs 24000/- in terms of training value to any body who attends it. Any smart professional should therefore consider this as a special offer available now and grab it by registering immediately.
All paid delegates will be provided with participation certificates for CPE purposes. The delegate fee paid will also be eligible for encashment as rebates in many of the future services of FDPPI for other certification trainings and membership.
For any clarification, kindly contact the organization committee at fdppi4privacy@gmail.com
Naavi
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<title>Is Convergence Act coming back?</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/is-convergence-act-coming-back/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/is-convergence-act-coming-back/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 13:41:53 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16146</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting is introducing “Broadcasting Services (Regulation) ill 2023 and has issued a draft with request for public comments till 9th December 2023. Kindly refer there for necessary information: This would be a multi media law and … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/is-convergence-act-coming-back/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting is introducing “Broadcasting Services (Regulation) ill 2023 and has issued a draft with request for public comments till 9th December 2023.
<a href="https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Public%20Notice_0.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Kindly refer there for necessary information: (opens in a new tab)" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ek-link">Kindly refer there for necessary information: </a>
This would be a multi media law and hence could cover digital media also. Please wait for a detailed comment on the proposed bill.
Naavi
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<title>Time to Re-visit “Adjudication” under ITA 2000</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/time-to-re-visit-adjudication-under-ita-2000/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/time-to-re-visit-adjudication-under-ita-2000/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 10:21:49 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16140</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ITA 2000 has been the epoch making legislation in India which is now being considered for a major revision. The revisions are focussed mainly on how to bring new technology such as AI or Meta Verse or Blockchain or Quantum … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/time-to-re-visit-adjudication-under-ita-2000/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
ITA 2000 has been the epoch making legislation in India which is now being considered for a major revision. 
The revisions are focussed mainly on how to bring new technology such as AI or Meta Verse or Blockchain or Quantum Computing into a clear legal framework. to be. In the mean time, the advent of another key legislation in the Cyber field namely the DPDPA 2023 has opened up another need. 
DPDPA 2023 is focussed on disciplining the data fiduciaries with stringent penalties for non compliance. For this purpose the Data Protection Board (DPB) will act as the adjudication authority under DPDPA 2023 receiving complaints, conducting an Inquiry and determining the penalties.
For effective functioning of the DPB there is a need for complaints to reach them so that they can take up the inquiries. If no complaints come forth, the possibility of DPB conducting its own surveillance and take suo moto action is remote. If any data breach incident comes to the media attention, then DPB may take up the inquiry. Otherwise the DPB may not be actively scouting the market space to identify potential violators of basic personal data protection principles.
Data Principals who are unhappy with any data fiduciary who may be a mobile app service owner or a website owner may initially report to the DPB enthusiastically about permissions being collected in excess of the requirement etc. However, after a while data principals will realize that any complaint made by them may invoke an inquiry and penalty for the data fiduciary but may not result in any compensation to be available to them. Public interest reporting may be even discouraged by the DPB which may stick to the complaints of data principals who have a cause of action against the data fiduciary such as any of his rights of access, right of grievance redressal etc has not been complied with.
Naavi.org has already initiated an action plan to create some kind of recognition to the data principals who file complaints with the DPB and contribute to the cleaning of the system.
However, those data principals who need to pursue a claim of compensation may find that they only have a remedy under ITA 2000 and making a complaint with the Adjudicator claiming contravention of Section 43 with any other sections and claiming the compensation. 
When Section 43A was introduced, there was one case in Bengaluru where an advocate successfully argued (Later over ruled by the appellate authority) that Section 43A will apply to body corporates and Section 43 will apply to others. WIth Section 43A being removed, there will be no confusion now that in any event of a wrongful loss suffered by a person and a contravention of ITA 2000 is identified, the remedy for compensation lies under IAT 2000 with an adjudication.
We can therefore see that demand for adjudication may increase. Also since adjudication is based on evaluation of the value of wrongful loss, it will be necessary for the adjudicator to assess the “Valuation” of personal data for the purpose of providing compensation. In many cases, the per-capita loss may be small but the aggregate loss of a community may be large. In such cases, adjudicator may have to allow class action, or take up suo-moto investigation, collect compensation for a group and distribute it to the affected persons.
At present it appears that the Adjudicators under ITA 2000 who are IT secretaries in States, may not be either inclined for such extended duties nor they may be equipped to take up personal data valuation and distribution of compensation.
If therefore the system of penalizing data fiduciaries donot take off, data principals will also lose interest in making complaints and hence the society is unlikely to see any noticeable improvement in the privacy protection culture of organizations.
It is therefore necessary to strengthen the Adjudication system under ITA 2000 and make it ready to take on the increased work load.
In this context Naavi.org urges that the old system of designating the IT secretary as the Adjudicator should be replaced and a dedicated Adjudicator should be appointed in each state under the judicial system itself. Hence there is a need for initiating an action plan to set up a new Adjudication offices in each State with a judicial person in charge and MeitY to modify its notification of March 2003 and recognize any such Adjudication offices set up by the judicial system as the Adjudicator of the State and relieve the ITA secretary.
This is also necessary for another reason since many of the complaints under DPDPA 2023 may be raised against Government bodies and there will be a perceived conflict of interest between the ITA secretary as a servant of the Government and the respondent of the complaint. The celebrated case of Gujarat Petrosynthese Ltd vs Axis Bank which suffered due to the mis interpretation of the applicability of Section 43/43A was an example of such a conflict since the IT secretary was also the e-Governance secretary and the respondent Axis Bank was also the Banker for the e-Governance department.
It would be therefore ideal if the change of the Adjudication system from the IT secretaries to the judicial system starts from Karnataka itself. I request institutions interested in public good to take up this initiative.
Naavi

 
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<title>Indian Data Protection Summit 2023</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/indian-data-protection-summit-2023/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/indian-data-protection-summit-2023/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 02:50:10 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16132</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Register at www.idps2023.in]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16133" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16134" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16135" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_3-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16136" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_4-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16137" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_5-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16138" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IDPS2023_Agenda_Page_6-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<a href="http://Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has come out with it’s guidance on “Data Governance” (released on August 10, 2023) which directly addresses the Governance of Data in Private sector." target="_blank" aria-label="Register at www.idps2023.in (opens in a new tab)" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ek-link">Register at www.idps2023.in</a>
]]></content:encoded>
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<title>IDPS 2023 is on 24th and 25th November 2023</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-is-on-24th-and-25th-november-2023/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-is-on-24th-and-25th-november-2023/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2023 02:17:46 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16129</guid>
<description><![CDATA[FDPPI’s flagship event IDPS 202x is an event that every Data Protection Professional looks forward to. This year’s IDPS namely IDPS 2023 is happening as a hybrid event in partnership with Manipal Law School, Yelahanka, Bengaluru at the MLS auditorium. … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/idps-2023-is-on-24th-and-25th-november-2023/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
FDPPI’s flagship event IDPS 202x is an event that every Data Protection Professional looks forward to. 
This year’s IDPS namely IDPS 2023 is happening as a hybrid event in partnership with Manipal Law School, Yelahanka, Bengaluru at the MLS auditorium.
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="www.idps2023.in" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="799" height="1024" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-799x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-16130" srcset="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-799x1024.png 799w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-234x300.png 234w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image-768x985.png 768w, https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image.png 1198w" sizes="(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px" /></a></figure>
Register at www.idps2023.in today
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<item>
<title>Need to rethink on the definition of personal data</title>
<link>https://www.naavi.org/wp/need-to-rethink-on-the-definition-of-personal-data/</link>
<comments>https://www.naavi.org/wp/need-to-rethink-on-the-definition-of-personal-data/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vijayashankar Na]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 06:23:17 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Cyber Law]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.naavi.org/wp/?p=16126</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In interpreting any personal data legislation, there is a need to clearly understand the term “Personal Data”. The definition of “Personal Data” has to also relate to the definition of “Person” and “Business Contact data”. In DPDPA 2023 Personal Data … <a href="https://www.naavi.org/wp/need-to-rethink-on-the-definition-of-personal-data/">Continue reading →</a>]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
In interpreting any personal data legislation, there is a need to clearly understand the term “Personal Data”. The definition of “Personal Data” has to also relate to the definition of “Person” and “Business Contact data”. 
In DPDPA 2023 Personal Data is defined as any data about an individual who is identifiable by or in relation to such data. Note that the term used here is “Individual” not person. Hence personal data is individual data.
On the other hand, “Person” is defined as including an individual, HUF, Company, firm, association of persons, State and every artificial juristic person. This definition is relevant to “Person” for being considered as a “Data fiduciary”.
Many professionals get confused and think data about a company is also “Personal Data”. I hope the above provides clarity in this respect.
DPDPA does not define “Business Contact Data”. However Section 8(9) mandates that a Data Fiduciary shall publish the business contact information of the DPO/Compliance officer.
In Singapore PDPA 2012, “business contact information” is defined as an individual’s name, position name or title, business telephone number, business address, business electronic mail address or business fax number and any other similar information about the individual, not provided by the individual solely for his or her personal purposes;
In the GDPR scenario, work email is considered part of “Personal Information” .
Will Indian DPDPA 2023 refer to Singapore definition or GDPR definition may be clarified later in the notification.
At present we can conclude that since “Business Contact Information” is an information which is mandatorily made public under Section 8(9) of DPDPA 2023, it is not subject to the rights associated with Personal Information. Hence the definition is in tune with Singapore information.
The GDPR definition is not practical since DPO is a point of contact for any data subject contact and hence his contact information such as the e-mail address and perhaps a telephone number has to be made public. Probably the GDPR can be interpreted to require publishing of the email ID of the DPO as dpo@domain.com and not by name of the DPO. In the Singapore law there is a clear understanding that if the information is for business purpose and not solely for personal purpose it is considered as Business Contact address. This is more logical and fits into the Indian definition.
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.naavi.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/high-five.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16127" width="218" height="243"/></figure></div>
There is another aspect of Personal Data that needs clarification worldwide. It is related to “Transaction Data”. Just as we say two hands are required to clap or give a high five, two (or more) persons are required for a conversation or a transaction.
Any data generated in such an interaction has to be considered as jointly belonging to all the participants of the event. 
Hence data related to a joint activity should not be considered as personal data of either of them but a transaction data between both of them. Both will therefore have equal right on the data.
In case of personal conversation like the telephone conversation, there should be a right for each of them to record. If A sends an email to B, B can use the e-mail data at his discretion and cannot consider it as personal data of the sender. 
Similarly in an E Commerce transaction or a business transaction the data related to what Mr A bought and for how much etc., is not to be considered as Personal Data but as “Transaction Data”.
Justice Srikrisha in his report of 2018 mentioned the need to consider “Community Data” as a category of data for which law has to be created outside PDPB 2018 which he suggested as the law for personal data. Subsequently Kris Gopalakrishna Committee also endorsed the view that data created by a group is Non Personal Data .
Now it is time to reiterate this concept that Data generated jointly by more than one individual or between an individual and an organization (which includes the Business E-Mail in the name of the company) is not “Personal Data” but is “Joint Personal Data” or “Non Personal Data”.
Naavi
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