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<dc:date>2025-07-03T09:10:34-07:00</dc:date>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:prism="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/" version="2.0"> <channel> <title>Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</title> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R</link> <description>Table of Contents for International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. List of articles from both the latest and EarlyView issues.</description> <language>en-US</language> <copyright>© John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright> <managingEditor>wileyonlinelibrary@wiley.com (Wiley Online Library)</managingEditor> <pubDate>Sun, 06 Jul 2025 07:19:07 +0000</pubDate> <lastBuildDate>Sun, 06 Jul 2025 07:19:07 +0000</lastBuildDate> <generator>Atypon® Literatum™</generator> <docs>https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html</docs> <ttl>10080</ttl> <dc:title>Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</dc:title> <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <atom:link href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml"/> <image> <title>Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</title> <url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/journal-banners/10991212.jpg</url> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R</link> </image> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70007?af=R</link> <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 21:10:34 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-07-03T09:10:34-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70007</guid> <title>Contacts and Trades in the Iron Age: The Fauna of Stufles, Italy</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTRecent archaeozoological studies of some buildings dating from the 6th to 1st century BC in the village of Stufles in Bressanone (South Tyrol, Italy) have uncovered crucial remains that underscore the significance of Stufles in relations and trade with the Venetian and Etruscan areas. Uncommon species in the Alpine area, such as the donkey, the mule, and a shell of Mediterranean origin, reflect the exchange of goods between the Alpine and, presumably, the Adriatic region. The osteometric data of some bones (e.g., horse), differing from the set of species measurements, may suggest imports of breeds or crosses. The presence of species, such as chicken and horse, at a time (6th century BC) when they were still rare in the Alpine area, once again indicates contacts with other populations.These findings complement the numerous archaeological remains that have surfaced in the village in recent decades. Traces of roads dating back to the Iron Age have been discovered within the village. Additionally, the discovery a few years ago of the remains of wine storage barrels and wheels (Bressanone‐Rosslauf) laid the groundwork for hypothesizing trade and commerce with the Etruscan world, which exported wine.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Recent archaeozoological studies of some buildings dating from the 6th to 1st century <span class="smallCaps">BC</span> in the village of Stufles in Bressanone (South Tyrol, Italy) have uncovered crucial remains that underscore the significance of Stufles in relations and trade with the Venetian and Etruscan areas. Uncommon species in the Alpine area, such as the donkey, the mule, and a shell of Mediterranean origin, reflect the exchange of goods between the Alpine and, presumably, the Adriatic region. The osteometric data of some bones (e.g., horse), differing from the set of species measurements, may suggest imports of breeds or crosses. The presence of species, such as chicken and horse, at a time (6th century <span class="smallCaps">BC</span>) when they were still rare in the Alpine area, once again indicates contacts with other populations.</p><p>These findings complement the numerous archaeological remains that have surfaced in the village in recent decades. Traces of roads dating back to the Iron Age have been discovered within the village. Additionally, the discovery a few years ago of the remains of wine storage barrels and wheels (Bressanone-Rosslauf) laid the groundwork for hypothesizing trade and commerce with the Etruscan world, which exported wine.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Silvia Eccher</dc:creator> <category>SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER</category> <dc:title>Contacts and Trades in the Iron Age: The Fauna of Stufles, Italy</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70007</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70007</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70007?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70009?af=R</link> <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 23:38:20 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-07-02T11:38:20-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70009</guid> <title>When Synanthropic Birds Appeared in Medieval Novgorod the Great and Tver (Russia): Historical and Zooarchaeological Accounts</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis study investigates the historical synanthropization of birds in medieval Novgorod and Tver (10th–15th centuries) through archaeological analysis of bird bones, revealing patterns of urban adaptation amid preservation challenges. Despite the poor recovery of avian remains, which biases assemblages due to postdepositional degradation, findings highlight early synanthropic integration: corvids (ravens, hooded crows, rooks, and jackdaws) and pigeons (Columba livia) emerged as key urban adapters. Extreme synurbanists like feral pigeons and Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) were documented by the 13th century, while magpies (Pica pica) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) showed later medieval colonization. Challenges in distinguishing true synanthropes from seasonal visitors (e.g., raptor prey) underscore methodological complexities, compounded by the absence of references in medieval texts. The study emphasizes the early role of human‐modified landscapes in shaping avian ecology and calls for advanced techniques to refine interpretations of urban bird remains in archaeological contexts.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This study investigates the historical synanthropization of birds in medieval Novgorod and Tver (10th–15th centuries) through archaeological analysis of bird bones, revealing patterns of urban adaptation amid preservation challenges. Despite the poor recovery of avian remains, which biases assemblages due to postdepositional degradation, findings highlight early synanthropic integration: corvids (ravens, hooded crows, rooks, and jackdaws) and pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) emerged as key urban adapters. Extreme synurbanists like feral pigeons and Eurasian tree sparrows (<i>Passer montanus</i>) were documented by the 13th century, while magpies (<i>Pica pica</i>) and starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) showed later medieval colonization. Challenges in distinguishing true synanthropes from seasonal visitors (e.g., raptor prey) underscore methodological complexities, compounded by the absence of references in medieval texts. The study emphasizes the early role of human-modified landscapes in shaping avian ecology and calls for advanced techniques to refine interpretations of urban bird remains in archaeological contexts.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>A. V. Zinoviev</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>When Synanthropic Birds Appeared in Medieval Novgorod the Great and Tver (Russia): Historical and Zooarchaeological Accounts</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70009</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70009</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70009?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70003?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 22:11:49 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-24T10:11:49-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70003</guid> <title>Early Cattle Exploitation in the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) of the Upper Tigris Valley: Gre Fılla in South‐Eastern Türkiye</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTIn this paper, the first results investigating animal exploitation, mainly focusing on the question of cattle domestication, at the Early Pre‐Pottery Neolithic site of Gre Fılla, Diyarbakır, South‐Eastern Türkiye, are presented. Gre Fılla, where the earliest cattle domestication in the region was identified, is also notable in showing the process of hunting to herding during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B subphases. Bos exploitation was the second most important component of the animal economies and increased dramatically in the 8th millennium bc. Moreover, the appearance of domestic small‐sized individuals and significant changes in the skeletal elements as well as in the alterations, especially demographic profile based on epiphyseal and dental wear stages, are observed. As a result of zooarchaeological analyses, early cattle exploitation started to be seen during the MPPNB levels of Gre Fılla, based on the decrease in size and change in the kill‐off pattern. It can be suggested that morphologically domestic cattle are systematically and widely encountered during MPPNB. The LPPNB levels are remarkable for yielding evidence of domestic cattle.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>In this paper, the first results investigating animal exploitation, mainly focusing on the question of cattle domestication, at the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Gre Fılla, Diyarbakır, South-Eastern Türkiye, are presented. Gre Fılla, where the earliest cattle domestication in the region was identified, is also notable in showing the process of hunting to herding during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B subphases. <i>Bos</i> exploitation was the second most important component of the animal economies and increased dramatically in the 8th millennium <span class="smallCaps">bc</span>. Moreover, the appearance of domestic small-sized individuals and significant changes in the skeletal elements as well as in the alterations, especially demographic profile based on epiphyseal and dental wear stages, are observed. As a result of zooarchaeological analyses, early cattle exploitation started to be seen during the MPPNB levels of Gre Fılla, based on the decrease in size and change in the kill-off pattern. It can be suggested that morphologically domestic cattle are systematically and widely encountered during MPPNB. The LPPNB levels are remarkable for yielding evidence of domestic cattle.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Derya Silibolatlaz</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Early Cattle Exploitation in the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) of the Upper Tigris Valley: Gre Fılla in South‐Eastern Türkiye</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70003</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70003</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70003?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70004?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2025 21:59:32 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-24T09:59:32-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70004</guid> <title>Children of Svodín: An Insight Into the Lives of Late Neolithic (4800–4115 bc) Subadults From Slovakia</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTDespite the allegedly high proportion of subadults, limited attention has been paid to children and understanding their role and position in prehistoric communities. By investigating the skeletal remains of children from the Late Neolithic Lengyel population from Svodín, Slovakia (4900–4700 cal bc), within their environment and archaeological context, this article provides insight into childhood and children's place in the Lengyel culture community. Altogether, 59 subadult skeletons from Svodín were macroscopically analyzed, evaluating their age at death, health status, and lifestyle. Subadults of all ages and social status manifested signs of long‐lasting increased metabolic stress and/or infectious diseases. These results seem to correspond with the presumption of worsened environmental conditions and resource shortage at the end of the Neolithic. Injuries observed in adolescents and adults at the Lengyel sites seem consistent with small‐scale raids, possibly for resources. Individuals skilled in acquiring food seem to have gained increased importance, with their status passing down to their kin, although adolescents may have been expected to contribute to the community and achieve their status on their own. The roundel area likely held special significance for the community, being designated for unborn or newborn infants, solitary children, and those linked to the supernatural. Stillborns and/or perinates were probably not yet perceived as part of the community. Toddlers and older children seem to have been recognized as members of society, their status reflecting that of their (closest) kin, regardless of their health. The shift from the “world of play” towards the “real life” also seems to manifest in osteoarchaeological records.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Despite the allegedly high proportion of subadults, limited attention has been paid to children and understanding their role and position in prehistoric communities. By investigating the skeletal remains of children from the Late Neolithic Lengyel population from Svodín, Slovakia (4900–4700 cal <span class="smallCaps">bc</span>), within their environment and archaeological context, this article provides insight into childhood and children's place in the Lengyel culture community. Altogether, 59 subadult skeletons from Svodín were macroscopically analyzed, evaluating their age at death, health status, and lifestyle. Subadults of all ages and social status manifested signs of long-lasting increased metabolic stress and/or infectious diseases. These results seem to correspond with the presumption of worsened environmental conditions and resource shortage at the end of the Neolithic. Injuries observed in adolescents and adults at the Lengyel sites seem consistent with small-scale raids, possibly for resources. Individuals skilled in acquiring food seem to have gained increased importance, with their status passing down to their kin, although adolescents may have been expected to contribute to the community and achieve their status on their own. The roundel area likely held special significance for the community, being designated for unborn or newborn infants, solitary children, and those linked to the supernatural. Stillborns and/or perinates were probably not yet perceived as part of the community. Toddlers and older children seem to have been recognized as members of society, their status reflecting that of their (closest) kin, regardless of their health. The shift from the “world of play” towards the “real life” also seems to manifest in osteoarchaeological records.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Zuzana Hukeľová, Mária Krošláková</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Children of Svodín: An Insight Into the Lives of Late Neolithic (4800–4115 bc) Subadults From Slovakia</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70004</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70004</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70004?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70005?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2025 01:58:28 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-23T01:58:28-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70005</guid> <title>Diet and Cultural Transition in Sixth Century ad China: New Isotopic Studies on Multiple Elite and Commoner Individuals in the Chang'an Region</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTScientific archaeology has drawn new attention to the agricultural and pastoral interactions of medieval China and their impact upon Han and non‐Han groups. The aim of this research is to introduce a number of key new stable isotope data pointing to ancient diet, offering a new perspective on the “sinicization” debate in medieval China. While generational shifts between primarily pastoral and agricultural diets occurred prior to the sixth century ad, by Northern Zhou and Sui times, a vastly more complex range of dietary possibilities was practiced. We found that the dietary habit of Yang Yong, the Crown Prince of the Sui Dynasty, was similar to that of the Han nobility from the late Northern Wei to the Sui Dynasty in northern China. We argue for considering the role of (1) new cultural foodways in shaping elite practices and (2) dietary stability and change reflected elite political fortunes and decision‐making processes in the political core area of medieval China during the sixth century ad.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Scientific archaeology has drawn new attention to the agricultural and pastoral interactions of medieval China and their impact upon Han and non-Han groups. The aim of this research is to introduce a number of key new stable isotope data pointing to ancient diet, offering a new perspective on the “sinicization” debate in medieval China. While generational shifts between primarily pastoral and agricultural diets occurred prior to the sixth century <span class="smallCaps">ad</span>, by Northern Zhou and Sui times, a vastly more complex range of dietary possibilities was practiced. We found that the dietary habit of Yang Yong, the Crown Prince of the Sui Dynasty, was similar to that of the Han nobility from the late Northern Wei to the Sui Dynasty in northern China. We argue for considering the role of (1) new cultural foodways in shaping elite practices and (2) dietary stability and change reflected elite political fortunes and decision-making processes in the political core area of medieval China during the sixth century <span class="smallCaps">ad</span>.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Pengfei Sheng, Edward Allen, Daiyun Liu, Yiyuan Dao, Kezhou Xie, Yihong Xie, Junhua Wu, Ming Li, Hailiang Meng</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Diet and Cultural Transition in Sixth Century ad China: New Isotopic Studies on Multiple Elite and Commoner Individuals in the Chang'an Region</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70005</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70005</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70005?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70001?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2025 01:00:57 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-17T01:00:57-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70001</guid> <title>Dog Pathologies in Central–Eastern Gaul During the Iron Age and Roman Period (500 bce–400 ce): Diachronic Perspectives</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of paleopathologies in dogs from the Iron Age through the Roman period (500 bce–400 ce) in Central–Eastern Gaul. The analysis focuses on the quantification of paleopathological traces in an attempt to identify changes in human–dog relationships between these two periods. The number of paleopathologies remains marginal in dog populations during these periods. However, oral pathologies represent the most prevalent identified lesions. Nevertheless, a discernible increase in joint and traumatic diseases can be observed in urban centers from the beginning of the Roman Empire onwards, which coincided with a rise in morphological diversity and the cessation of cynophagy. The number of “multipathological” cases also increased during the same period. This upsurge of joint and traumatic pathologies raises questions about the living conditions and treatment of dogs according to their potential functions in ancient societies. Nonetheless, the majority of paleopathologies are multifactorial or of unknown etiology and therefore cannot be unequivocally linked or attributed to certain dog's functions.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This article presents an analysis of paleopathologies in dogs from the Iron Age through the Roman period (500 <span class="smallCaps">bce–</span>400 <span class="smallCaps">ce</span>) in Central–Eastern Gaul. The analysis focuses on the quantification of paleopathological traces in an attempt to identify changes in human–dog relationships between these two periods. The number of paleopathologies remains marginal in dog populations during these periods. However, oral pathologies represent the most prevalent identified lesions. Nevertheless, a discernible increase in joint and traumatic diseases can be observed in urban centers from the beginning of the Roman Empire onwards, which coincided with a rise in morphological diversity and the cessation of cynophagy. The number of “multipathological” cases also increased during the same period. This upsurge of joint and traumatic pathologies raises questions about the living conditions and treatment of dogs according to their potential functions in ancient societies. Nonetheless, the majority of paleopathologies are multifactorial or of unknown etiology and therefore cannot be unequivocally linked or attributed to certain dog's functions.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Camille Lamarque, Koen Chiers, Thierry Argant, Aurélien Creuzieux</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Dog Pathologies in Central–Eastern Gaul During the Iron Age and Roman Period (500 bce–400 ce): Diachronic Perspectives</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70001</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70001</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70001?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3402?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3402</guid> <title>An Analysis of Pre‐Columbian Modified Human Bone Artifacts From the Western Gulf Coastal Plain of North America</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis report offers a reanalysis of modified human bones discovered at several prehistoric archeological sites in South Texas. Twenty‐nine human bone artifacts from multiple Late Prehistoric (ad 700–1500) sites were studied. The artifacts were classified (when possible) by age, bone element, and location. Analysis reveals that bones were cut with a groove‐and‐snap technique. Ample postmortem cutmarks were found associated with the groove‐and‐snap method. Several bones display signs of perimortem processing, defleshing, and reduction. One humerus had been fashioned into an omichicahuaztli or musical rasp. Explanations for these artifacts are offered, including ancestor worship, war trophies, or evidence of knowledge of Postclassic Mesoamerican cultural practices.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This report offers a reanalysis of modified human bones discovered at several prehistoric archeological sites in South Texas. Twenty-nine human bone artifacts from multiple Late Prehistoric (<span class="smallCaps">ad</span> 700–1500) sites were studied. The artifacts were classified (when possible) by age, bone element, and location. Analysis reveals that bones were cut with a groove-and-snap technique. Ample postmortem cutmarks were found associated with the groove-and-snap method. Several bones display signs of perimortem processing, defleshing, and reduction. One humerus had been fashioned into an <i>omichicahuaztli</i> or musical rasp. Explanations for these artifacts are offered, including ancestor worship, war trophies, or evidence of knowledge of Postclassic Mesoamerican cultural practices.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Matthew S. Taylor</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>An Analysis of Pre‐Columbian Modified Human Bone Artifacts From the Western Gulf Coastal Plain of North America</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3402</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3402</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3402?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3403?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3403</guid> <title>The Earliest Evidence of Deliberate Ivory Processing Dates Back to Around 0.4 Million Years Ago</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis paper presents data on ivory micro‐artifacts discovered in the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11) horizons of the multilayered Lower Paleolithic site of Medzhibozh A in western Ukraine. These micro‐artifacts provide the earliest known reliable evidence for the deliberate modification of proboscidean ivory material using bipolar‐on‐anvil knapping and trimming techniques. Medzhibozh A, situated in the upper reaches of the Southern Bug Valley, has yielded several artifacts made from the ivory of Mammuthus trogontherii in layers II and I, alongside an archaic core‐and‐flake industry. Ivory fragments were processed using techniques commonly applied to stone artifact production. A subfossil weathered ivory fragment, already in a knappable state due to its preservation, was used for this purpose. The processed ivory objects included a pointed piece, miniature core‐like item, and micro‐flakes. The ivory fragments from Medzhibozh A, displaying clear signs of deliberate modification, are unique within the roughly synchronous Paleolithic records of Europe. The use of ivory for knapping by Lower Paleolithic hominins in the western part of the Eastern European Plain may have been influenced by the situational scarcity of high‐quality raw materials and experimental efforts to test non‐standard materials for their knappability.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This paper presents data on ivory micro-artifacts discovered in the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11) horizons of the multilayered Lower Paleolithic site of Medzhibozh A in western Ukraine. These micro-artifacts provide the earliest known reliable evidence for the deliberate modification of proboscidean ivory material using bipolar-on-anvil knapping and trimming techniques. Medzhibozh A, situated in the upper reaches of the Southern Bug Valley, has yielded several artifacts made from the ivory of <i>Mammuthus trogontherii</i> in layers II and I, alongside an archaic core-and-flake industry. Ivory fragments were processed using techniques commonly applied to stone artifact production. A subfossil weathered ivory fragment, already in a knappable state due to its preservation, was used for this purpose. The processed ivory objects included a pointed piece, miniature core-like item, and micro-flakes. The ivory fragments from Medzhibozh A, displaying clear signs of deliberate modification, are unique within the roughly synchronous Paleolithic records of Europe. The use of ivory for knapping by Lower Paleolithic hominins in the western part of the Eastern European Plain may have been influenced by the situational scarcity of high-quality raw materials and experimental efforts to test non-standard materials for their knappability.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Vadim N. Stepanchuk, Oleksandr O. Naumenko</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>The Earliest Evidence of Deliberate Ivory Processing Dates Back to Around 0.4 Million Years Ago</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3403</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3403</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3403?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3406?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3406</guid> <title>Dento‐Alveolar Infectious Diseases Among Hunter‐Gatherers From Northeast and Central Chubut Province (Argentina) During the Late Holocene</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTHunter‐gatherers are often assumed to be less affected by dento‐alveolar infections due to limited carbohydrate intake. Many studies, however, used outdated methods, suggesting that data from these societies need revision. This paper aims to assess whether late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Chubut Province (Argentina) exhibited a high frequency of caries and periapical lesions (PL) despite their reduced carbohydrate intake; explore whether different diets and environments between coastal and valley populations produced differences in oral infections; and investigate whether European contact negatively impacted oral health. The sample included 38 adults (638 teeth and 1031 alveoli). Caries and PL (granulomas, cysts, and chronic abscesses) were recorded and compared across sex, age, subregions (coast and valley), and temporal periods (precontact and postcontact). Dento‐alveolar infections affected 71.1% of individuals (caries: 47.4%; PL: 36.8%) and correlated with dental wear and AMTL, suggesting underestimation of lesions. Caries were more frequent in young (60%) than in middle (52.6%) or old adults (22.2%), whereas PL mainly affected old (77.7%) compared to young (10%) and middle adults (31.6%). Caries were similar in both sexes (47.4%), whereas males had a higher frequency of PL (52.6%). No significant differences were found between coastal (caries 57.1%, PL: 38.1%) and valley populations (caries: 35.3%, PL: 35.3%). Periapical lesions were restricted to precontact period (61.1%), whereas caries were more frequent postcontact (66.7%). Hunter‐gatherers from central Patagonia had a higher frequency of dento‐alveolar infections than expected. Cysts were more common PL, likely due to lack of treatment before antibiotics. With respect to dietary groups, results suggest that environmental factors, cultural practices, or oral hygiene played a key role. A higher frequency of caries was recorded during postcontact, possibly linked to processed food consumption, whereas the abrasive precontact diet and higher dental wear may explain the increased PL frequency. This study enhances understanding of pathological diversity among past hunter‐gatherers, considering diet, environment, and chronology. It also offers insights into the evolution of oral infectious diseases and their impact on human societies.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Hunter-gatherers are often assumed to be less affected by dento-alveolar infections due to limited carbohydrate intake. Many studies, however, used outdated methods, suggesting that data from these societies need revision. This paper aims to assess whether late Holocene hunter-gatherers from Chubut Province (Argentina) exhibited a high frequency of caries and periapical lesions (PL) despite their reduced carbohydrate intake; explore whether different diets and environments between coastal and valley populations produced differences in oral infections; and investigate whether European contact negatively impacted oral health. The sample included 38 adults (638 teeth and 1031 alveoli). Caries and PL (granulomas, cysts, and chronic abscesses) were recorded and compared across sex, age, subregions (coast and valley), and temporal periods (precontact and postcontact). Dento-alveolar infections affected 71.1% of individuals (caries: 47.4%; PL: 36.8%) and correlated with dental wear and AMTL, suggesting underestimation of lesions. Caries were more frequent in young (60%) than in middle (52.6%) or old adults (22.2%), whereas PL mainly affected old (77.7%) compared to young (10%) and middle adults (31.6%). Caries were similar in both sexes (47.4%), whereas males had a higher frequency of PL (52.6%). No significant differences were found between coastal (caries 57.1%, PL: 38.1%) and valley populations (caries: 35.3%, PL: 35.3%). Periapical lesions were restricted to precontact period (61.1%), whereas caries were more frequent postcontact (66.7%). Hunter-gatherers from central Patagonia had a higher frequency of dento-alveolar infections than expected. Cysts were more common PL, likely due to lack of treatment before antibiotics. With respect to dietary groups, results suggest that environmental factors, cultural practices, or oral hygiene played a key role. A higher frequency of caries was recorded during postcontact, possibly linked to processed food consumption, whereas the abrasive precontact diet and higher dental wear may explain the increased PL frequency. This study enhances understanding of pathological diversity among past hunter-gatherers, considering diet, environment, and chronology. It also offers insights into the evolution of oral infectious diseases and their impact on human societies.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Cynthia Daniela Pandiani, Jorge Suby, Gabriela Millán, Paula Novellino</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Dento‐Alveolar Infectious Diseases Among Hunter‐Gatherers From Northeast and Central Chubut Province (Argentina) During the Late Holocene</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3406</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3406</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3406?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3412?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3412</guid> <title>Bone Diseases as Indicators of Animal Health in the Early Modern Age Assemblage From the Castle of Dombóvár‐Gólyavár in Context With Other Coeval Cases From Hungary</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present 13 pathologically changed animal bones from cattle, caprines, pig, and domestic chicken, which were recognized among 1341 identifiable remains in the recently studied late medieval (first part of the 16th century) and Ottoman and Post‐Ottoman Period (from the second part of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century) assemblages found in the castle of Dombóvár‐Gólyavár in Southern Hungary, a site turned from an aristocratic residence into a Turkish fortress by the Ottoman occupation. The pig remains with anomalies represent important findings since the eating of pork was minimal or avoided at the places inhabited by Muslims.The pathologically changed bones were studied macroscopically and microscopically alike. Healed fractures represented the most frequent type of lesions, suggesting that animals were cared for either to achieve the optimal size for slaughter (e.g., cattle and pigs) or for secondary exploitation such as cockfighting. Other diseases such as uneven tooth wear, arthropathy, nonspecific infection, and bowed bones occurred sporadically in the bone material. A bone from caprines reflected age‐related disorder, a result which was consistent with the age structure of sheep and goats suggesting the exploitation of these small ruminants for a longer time than cattle and pig.Our results were interpreted within the context of other coeval bone materials originating from both Buda, the former capital of Hungary, and fortifications located in the northern and southern periphery of the country alike. They indicated that certain features such as the age and sex of animals, the species composition of the assemblages, as well as the rank and location of sites, might greatly define the frequency and nature of displayed lesions on the animal remains.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>In this paper, we present 13 pathologically changed animal bones from cattle, caprines, pig, and domestic chicken, which were recognized among 1341 identifiable remains in the recently studied late medieval (first part of the 16th century) and Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Period (from the second part of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century) assemblages found in the castle of Dombóvár-Gólyavár in Southern Hungary, a site turned from an aristocratic residence into a Turkish fortress by the Ottoman occupation. The pig remains with anomalies represent important findings since the eating of pork was minimal or avoided at the places inhabited by Muslims.</p><p>The pathologically changed bones were studied macroscopically and microscopically alike. Healed fractures represented the most frequent type of lesions, suggesting that animals were cared for either to achieve the optimal size for slaughter (e.g., cattle and pigs) or for secondary exploitation such as cockfighting. Other diseases such as uneven tooth wear, arthropathy, nonspecific infection, and bowed bones occurred sporadically in the bone material. A bone from caprines reflected age-related disorder, a result which was consistent with the age structure of sheep and goats suggesting the exploitation of these small ruminants for a longer time than cattle and pig.</p><p>Our results were interpreted within the context of other coeval bone materials originating from both Buda, the former capital of Hungary, and fortifications located in the northern and southern periphery of the country alike. They indicated that certain features such as the age and sex of animals, the species composition of the assemblages, as well as the rank and location of sites, might greatly define the frequency and nature of displayed lesions on the animal remains.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Erika Gál, Adrián Berta</dc:creator> <category>SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER</category> <dc:title>Bone Diseases as Indicators of Animal Health in the Early Modern Age Assemblage From the Castle of Dombóvár‐Gólyavár in Context With Other Coeval Cases From Hungary</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3412</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3412</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3412?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3407?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3407</guid> <title>Multi‐Isotope Analysis Reveals Human Millet‐Based Diets and Limited Mobility in the Central Plains of China ca. 5000 Years Ago</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTUnlike the unification of the Miaodigou culture, the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains of ancient China is marked by regional cultural diversity and external influences, necessitating more research into human subsistence and mobility patterns during this period. However, there has been a long‐time lack of direct evidence for the mobility of Yangshao populations. The present study, therefore, aims to address this gap by reconstructing human dietary practices and mobility over 600 years (~3500–2900 bc) at the Qingtai site in the Central Plains, using a direct radiocarbon dating alongside strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotope analyses of human remains. Our findings reveal a consistent millet‐based diet and stable pig‐based protein sources, with minimal dietary variation over time. Additionally, this study provides the first strontium isotope data for the late Yangshao period to date, which might suggest limited human mobility during this period. We infer that the stability of the self‐sufficient millet‐based economy and sedentary lifestyle not only supported population growth but also contributed significantly to the development of social complexity and economic stability during the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Unlike the unification of the Miaodigou culture, the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains of ancient China is marked by regional cultural diversity and external influences, necessitating more research into human subsistence and mobility patterns during this period. However, there has been a long-time lack of direct evidence for the mobility of Yangshao populations. The present study, therefore, aims to address this gap by reconstructing human dietary practices and mobility over 600 years (~3500–2900 <span class="smallCaps">bc</span>) at the Qingtai site in the Central Plains, using a direct radiocarbon dating alongside strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotope analyses of human remains. Our findings reveal a consistent millet-based diet and stable pig-based protein sources, with minimal dietary variation over time. Additionally, this study provides the first strontium isotope data for the late Yangshao period to date, which might suggest limited human mobility during this period. We infer that the stability of the self-sufficient millet-based economy and sedentary lifestyle not only supported population growth but also contributed significantly to the development of social complexity and economic stability during the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Xueye Wang, Doudou Cao, Wanfa Gu, Qingli Wei, Xianglong Chen, Ruojing Zhang, Lanpo Ding, Zihua Tang, Xiaoxiao Teng, Tianyi Wang, Jiaxing Zou, Yujie Qiu, Qiaomei Fu, Haibing Yuan</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Multi‐Isotope Analysis Reveals Human Millet‐Based Diets and Limited Mobility in the Central Plains of China ca. 5000 Years Ago</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3407</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3407</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3407?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3410?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3410</guid> <title>Chicken Consumption in Three Early Modern (17th–19th Century) Cities in Japan</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTChickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries BCE), but widespread consumption did not occur until the Edo period (17th to 19th centuries) based on historical documents and archaeological material. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, this study analyzed bird remains recovered from sites in three cities: Edo (early modern Tokyo), Nagasaki, and Osaka. We focused on temporal changes and regional differences in the frequency of chicken bones and the growth stages and sex ratios of chickens targeted for consumption. Our findings revealed that the most frequently consumed birds in Edo City during the 17th and 18th centuries were wild ducks and geese. Chicken consumption increased in the Edo period during the 19th century, particularly in samurai residences. By contrast, chicken consumption was popular among the townspeople in Nagasaki and Osaka and among Dutch merchants in Nagasaki since the 17th century. At the former residences of samurai and townspeople in Edo City and Osaka, most of the chickens consumed were male, mature birds, with an increase in the consumption of hens and juvenile chickens in Edo City by the 19th century. Conversely, juvenile chickens and hens were consumed more frequently in Nagasaki than in other cities since the 17th century. These findings suggest regional differences in the spread of chickens as part of the diet consumption and the age and sex of the birds consumed in early modern Japan.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries <span class="smallCaps">BCE</span>), but widespread consumption did not occur until the Edo period (17th to 19th centuries) based on historical documents and archaeological material. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, this study analyzed bird remains recovered from sites in three cities: Edo (early modern Tokyo), Nagasaki, and Osaka. We focused on temporal changes and regional differences in the frequency of chicken bones and the growth stages and sex ratios of chickens targeted for consumption. Our findings revealed that the most frequently consumed birds in Edo City during the 17th and 18th centuries were wild ducks and geese. Chicken consumption increased in the Edo period during the 19th century, particularly in samurai residences. By contrast, chicken consumption was popular among the townspeople in Nagasaki and Osaka and among Dutch merchants in Nagasaki since the 17th century. At the former residences of samurai and townspeople in Edo City and Osaka, most of the chickens consumed were male, mature birds, with an increase in the consumption of hens and juvenile chickens in Edo City by the 19th century. Conversely, juvenile chickens and hens were consumed more frequently in Nagasaki than in other cities since the 17th century. These findings suggest regional differences in the spread of chickens as part of the diet consumption and the age and sex of the birds consumed in early modern Japan.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Kai‐hsuan Hsu, Masashi Maruyama, Masaki Eda</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Chicken Consumption in Three Early Modern (17th–19th Century) Cities in Japan</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3410</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3410</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3410?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3414?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3414</guid> <title>Secular Changes in Craniofacial Morphology Over the Last 2000 Years in Milan, Italy</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze secular changes in craniofacial morphology over 2000 years in Milan, examining variations in cranial dimensions across historical periods and between sexes. It utilizes standard anthropometric techniques to provide insights into the evolution of craniofacial morphology within this urban population. The study includes 213 crania from five historical periods, with 29 craniofacial measurements selected based on established bioarchaeological practices. These measurements are commonly used in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological research, as outlined in standard data collection procedure manuals. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, z‐scores, and post hoc comparisons, were performed to identify significant temporal changes and sex‐specific differences in cranial dimensions. Significant secular changes were detected in eight craniofacial measurements: Maxillo‐Alveolar Breadth, Foramen Magnum Breadth and Length, Biasterionic Breadth, Orbital Breadth, Parietal Chord, Cranial Base Length, and Bimaxillary Breadth. Variations between sexes were noted, with Biasterionic Breadth showing significant change in females, and Foramen Magnum Breadth, Orbital Breadth, and Bimaxillary Breadth in males. Post hoc analyses highlighted shifts in cranial dimensions from the Roman to the Contemporary era, suggesting consistent trends towards broader foramen magnum and midface dimensions over time. This study is the first to comprehensively document craniofacial morphological changes across all major historical periods in Milan, revealing significant diachronic trends likely driven by environmental, cultural, and demographic factors. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of cranial morphology as it adapts to changing lifestyles and conditions, reflecting Milan's complex history of biological and cultural transformations. Further research is needed to corroborate these trends and explore their underlying causes.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This study aims to analyze secular changes in craniofacial morphology over 2000 years in Milan, examining variations in cranial dimensions across historical periods and between sexes. It utilizes standard anthropometric techniques to provide insights into the evolution of craniofacial morphology within this urban population. The study includes 213 crania from five historical periods, with 29 craniofacial measurements selected based on established bioarchaeological practices. These measurements are commonly used in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological research, as outlined in standard data collection procedure manuals. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, z-scores, and post hoc comparisons, were performed to identify significant temporal changes and sex-specific differences in cranial dimensions. Significant secular changes were detected in eight craniofacial measurements: Maxillo-Alveolar Breadth, Foramen Magnum Breadth and Length, Biasterionic Breadth, Orbital Breadth, Parietal Chord, Cranial Base Length, and Bimaxillary Breadth. Variations between sexes were noted, with Biasterionic Breadth showing significant change in females, and Foramen Magnum Breadth, Orbital Breadth, and Bimaxillary Breadth in males. Post hoc analyses highlighted shifts in cranial dimensions from the Roman to the Contemporary era, suggesting consistent trends towards broader foramen magnum and midface dimensions over time. This study is the first to comprehensively document craniofacial morphological changes across all major historical periods in Milan, revealing significant diachronic trends likely driven by environmental, cultural, and demographic factors. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of cranial morphology as it adapts to changing lifestyles and conditions, reflecting Milan's complex history of biological and cultural transformations. Further research is needed to corroborate these trends and explore their underlying causes.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Lucie Biehler‐Gomez, Daniele Maria Gibelli, Lucrezia Rodella, Giorgio Manzi, Cristina Cattaneo</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Secular Changes in Craniofacial Morphology Over the Last 2000 Years in Milan, Italy</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3414</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3414</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3414?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3416?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3416</guid> <title>Urban Consumption of Thrushes in the Early Roman City of Pollentia, Mallorca (Spain)</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTIn the Roman city of Pollentia (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean), an exceptional zooarchaeological assemblage was recovered from a cesspit dated between the first century BC and the first century ad. The structure, situated in a commercial area adjacent to the forum, was connected to a food shop (taberna) via an underground drainage system used for waste disposal. The faunal remains from the cesspit include mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds, with song thrushes (Turdus cf. philomelos) constituting the most abundant avian species. The unique depositional context and zooarchaeological indicators, such as skeletal part representation, provide valuable insights into the preparation and consumption of these small birds. This evidence suggests that thrushes were commonly sold and consumed in Roman urban spaces, challenging the prevailing notion based on written sources that thrushes were exclusively a luxury food item for elite banquets. The study offers new perspectives on the role of street food and everyday culinary practices in the Roman Mediterranean.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>In the Roman city of Pollentia (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean), an exceptional zooarchaeological assemblage was recovered from a cesspit dated between the first century <span class="smallCaps">BC</span> and the first century <span class="smallCaps">ad</span>. The structure, situated in a commercial area adjacent to the forum, was connected to a food shop (<i>taberna</i>) via an underground drainage system used for waste disposal. The faunal remains from the cesspit include mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds, with song thrushes (<i>Turdus</i> cf. <i>philomelos</i>) constituting the most abundant avian species. The unique depositional context and zooarchaeological indicators, such as skeletal part representation, provide valuable insights into the preparation and consumption of these small birds. This evidence suggests that thrushes were commonly sold and consumed in Roman urban spaces, challenging the prevailing notion based on written sources that thrushes were exclusively a luxury food item for elite banquets. The study offers new perspectives on the role of street food and everyday culinary practices in the Roman Mediterranean.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Alejandro Valenzuela</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Urban Consumption of Thrushes in the Early Roman City of Pollentia, Mallorca (Spain)</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3416</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3416</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3416?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3418?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3418</guid> <title>Who Ate All the Thrushes? Roman Urban Street Food Consumers as well as Elites</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description/> <content:encoded/> <dc:creator>Robin Bendrey, Piers D. Mitchell</dc:creator> <category>EDITORIAL</category> <dc:title>Who Ate All the Thrushes? Roman Urban Street Food Consumers as well as Elites</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3418</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3418</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3418?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>EDITORIAL</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3313?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3313</guid> <title>Issue Information</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>No abstract is available for this article.</dc:description> <content:encoded><p>No abstract is available for this article.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator/> <category>ISSUE INFORMATION</category> <dc:title>Issue Information</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3313</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3313</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3313?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ISSUE INFORMATION</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3415?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3415</guid> <title>A Young Woman From the Fifth Millennium BCE in Chega Sofla Cemetery With a Modified and Hinge Fractured Cranium, Southwestern Iran</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTExcavations at the Chega Sofla Cemetery in southwestern Iran, fifth millennium BCE, revealed intentionally modified skulls, including BG1.12, a young woman with cranial binding and hinge fractures. Cranial bandaging changes the morphology of the skull, which affects biomechanics. Based on these factors, this study investigated fractures and objects involved in trauma. The impact fractured both the left parietal and frontal bones. CT scan images and various sectional slices of BG1.12 were used for analysis. This method obtained detailed insights into changes in cranial bone thickness, the nature of skull fractures, and deposits within the cranial vault. The fractured bones remained connected, and the lack of evidence for bone remodeling and regular deposits within the cranial vault suggests that the fracture occurred perimortem. The severity of the impact can be seen as a triangular fracture along the sagittal border of the left parietal bone. According to CT scan analysis, the fracture was caused by an object that did not penetrate the cranial vault or have sharp edges. According to observations, an object with broad edges severely fractured the cranium of this young woman during the final moments of her life.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Excavations at the Chega Sofla Cemetery in southwestern Iran, fifth millennium <span class="smallCaps">BCE</span>, revealed intentionally modified skulls, including BG1.12, a young woman with cranial binding and hinge fractures. Cranial bandaging changes the morphology of the skull, which affects biomechanics. Based on these factors, this study investigated fractures and objects involved in trauma. The impact fractured both the left parietal and frontal bones. CT scan images and various sectional slices of BG1.12 were used for analysis. This method obtained detailed insights into changes in cranial bone thickness, the nature of skull fractures, and deposits within the cranial vault. The fractured bones remained connected, and the lack of evidence for bone remodeling and regular deposits within the cranial vault suggests that the fracture occurred perimortem. The severity of the impact can be seen as a triangular fracture along the sagittal border of the left parietal bone. According to CT scan analysis, the fracture was caused by an object that did not penetrate the cranial vault or have sharp edges. According to observations, an object with broad edges severely fractured the cranium of this young woman during the final moments of her life.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Mahdi Alirezazadeh, Hamed Vahdati Nasab</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>A Young Woman From the Fifth Millennium BCE in Chega Sofla Cemetery With a Modified and Hinge Fractured Cranium, Southwestern Iran</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3415</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3415</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3415?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3404?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3404</guid> <title>Assessing Histotaphonomy: A Pilot Study Using Image Analysis for Quantitative Scoring of Bone Diagenesis</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis pilot study focusses on improving the methodological approach of histotaphonomy by integrating image analysis software for assessing bone diagenesis in both bone histological sections and microcomputed tomography (μ‐CT) scans of the same bone slice. Femurs and ribs from six individuals buried at the churchyard of St. Anne in Koekelberg (Belgium, 1833–1916) were analyzed with μ‐CT and histology (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Bone diagenesis was scored visually by the assessor, as well as quantitatively by image analysis. The results suggest that image analysis is an effective quantitative scoring method, eliminating subjectivity bias, specifically regarding the precision in percentage calculation of preserved areas which aids in assigning the right category of the Oxford Histological Index. However, algorithm limitations can affect the accuracy and reliability of the results, hence specialized expertise is advised. The taphonomic results show that bacterial degradation was similar within and between rib and femur of the same individual but varied between individuals depending on burial treatment (wooden versus zinc‐lined coffins). Other inter‐skeletal differences were caused by biological parameters such as the amount of primary lamellar bone. This study demonstrates the accuracy of quantitative scoring by advancements in technology such as image analysis, creating a basis for the incorporation of machine learning algorithms in future histotaphonomy studies. It also stresses the importance of using both histology and μ‐CT as complementary methods.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This pilot study focusses on improving the methodological approach of histotaphonomy by integrating image analysis software for assessing bone diagenesis in both bone histological sections and microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) scans of the same bone slice. Femurs and ribs from six individuals buried at the churchyard of St. Anne in Koekelberg (Belgium, 1833–1916) were analyzed with μ-CT and histology (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Bone diagenesis was scored visually by the assessor, as well as quantitatively by image analysis. The results suggest that image analysis is an effective quantitative scoring method, eliminating subjectivity bias, specifically regarding the precision in percentage calculation of preserved areas which aids in assigning the right category of the Oxford Histological Index. However, algorithm limitations can affect the accuracy and reliability of the results, hence specialized expertise is advised. The taphonomic results show that bacterial degradation was similar within and between rib and femur of the same individual but varied between individuals depending on burial treatment (wooden versus zinc-lined coffins). Other inter-skeletal differences were caused by biological parameters such as the amount of primary lamellar bone. This study demonstrates the accuracy of quantitative scoring by advancements in technology such as image analysis, creating a basis for the incorporation of machine learning algorithms in future histotaphonomy studies. It also stresses the importance of using both histology and μ-CT as complementary methods.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Lolita Trenchat, Nicolas Vanderesse, Eric Pubert, Yannick Lefrais, Katrien Van de Vijver, Sacha Kacki, Eline M. J. Schotsmans</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>Assessing Histotaphonomy: A Pilot Study Using Image Analysis for Quantitative Scoring of Bone Diagenesis</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3404</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3404</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3404?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3409?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3409</guid> <title>Morphological and Biomechanical Consequences of Leg Amputation in a Warring States Individual (2200 BP) From the Frontier of Northern China</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTLeg amputation leads to irreversible limb loss and physical impairments, which requires local and systemic skeletal adaptations. The functional morphology of amputees in antiquity has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an individual with signs of lower limb amputation who lived 2200 years ago during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was assessed using functional morphological approaches. The skeleton demonstrated functional morphological adaptations both locally and systematically. Bone thickness and enthesis changes of the amputated leg had signs of atrophy, indicating functional decline and prolonged disuse after the amputation. After amputation, the individual relied on his upper limbs for balance and support. Besides, the individual experienced considerable lumbar strain attributable to his postamputation lifestyle and compensatory movement patterns. The reason for amputation might be penal in a military setting. These findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of limb function and the challenges faced by amputees, offering insights into the consequences of such procedures.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Leg amputation leads to irreversible limb loss and physical impairments, which requires local and systemic skeletal adaptations. The functional morphology of amputees in antiquity has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an individual with signs of lower limb amputation who lived 2200 years ago during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was assessed using functional morphological approaches. The skeleton demonstrated functional morphological adaptations both locally and systematically. Bone thickness and enthesis changes of the amputated leg had signs of atrophy, indicating functional decline and prolonged disuse after the amputation. After amputation, the individual relied on his upper limbs for balance and support. Besides, the individual experienced considerable lumbar strain attributable to his postamputation lifestyle and compensatory movement patterns. The reason for amputation might be penal in a military setting. These findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of limb function and the challenges faced by amputees, offering insights into the consequences of such procedures.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Ruiqi Zou, Haiyang Xing, Min Yi, Yuran Niu, Muqier He, Quanchao Zhang, Qian Wang</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>Morphological and Biomechanical Consequences of Leg Amputation in a Warring States Individual (2200 BP) From the Frontier of Northern China</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3409</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3409</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3409?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3411?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3411</guid> <title>Micro‐CT Examination Reveals a Possible Case of Otosclerosis in an Early Bronze Age Individual From Poland</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTContemporary imaging techniques, particularly micro–computed tomography, enable detailed visualization and analysis of pathological changes in skeletal remains. This study examines the right temporal bone of a male individual from the Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture (2200–2000 bc), discovered in southeastern Poland. Macroscopic analysis revealed significant unilateral enlargement of the right petrous part and mastoid process. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying condition using high‐resolution micro–computed tomography imaging. Scanning with a Nanotom 180 N device (30‐μm‐slice thickness) revealed substantial structural destruction of the otic capsule, consistent with a diagnosis of otosclerosis. The mastoid process was notably widened, with a clearly visible Koerner's septum. Comparative analysis with a nonpathological reference bone and the absence of systemic skeletal changes helped to rule out differential diagnoses such as osteogenesis imperfecta, otosyphilis, and Paget's disease. Micro–computed tomography provided exceptional insight into the internal architecture of the temporal bone, revealing detailed features associated with otosclerosis, including a hypodense focus in the region of the fissula ante fenestram and the “double ring sign” of the cochlea. These findings underscore the diagnostic power of micro–computed tomography in paleopathology and its potential to uncover subtle yet significant ancient diseases.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Contemporary imaging techniques, particularly micro–computed tomography, enable detailed visualization and analysis of pathological changes in skeletal remains. This study examines the right temporal bone of a male individual from the Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture (2200–2000 <span class="smallCaps">bc</span>), discovered in southeastern Poland. Macroscopic analysis revealed significant unilateral enlargement of the right petrous part and mastoid process. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying condition using high-resolution micro–computed tomography imaging. Scanning with a Nanotom 180 N device (30-μm-slice thickness) revealed substantial structural destruction of the otic capsule, consistent with a diagnosis of otosclerosis. The mastoid process was notably widened, with a clearly visible Koerner's septum. Comparative analysis with a nonpathological reference bone and the absence of systemic skeletal changes helped to rule out differential diagnoses such as osteogenesis imperfecta, otosyphilis, and Paget's disease. Micro–computed tomography provided exceptional insight into the internal architecture of the temporal bone, revealing detailed features associated with otosclerosis, including a hypodense focus in the region of the fissula ante fenestram and the “double ring sign” of the cochlea. These findings underscore the diagnostic power of micro–computed tomography in paleopathology and its potential to uncover subtle yet significant ancient diseases.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Magdalena Kozerska, Anita Szczepanek, Paweł Jarosz, Jacek Tarasiuk, Sebastian Wroński, Katarzyna Konieczny, Aleksandra Sobolewska</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>Micro‐CT Examination Reveals a Possible Case of Otosclerosis in an Early Bronze Age Individual From Poland</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3411</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3411</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3411?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3405?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3405</guid> <title>Birds of Trade: Availability of Water Birds and Bird Products During Medieval and Early Modern Period in the Baltic Sea</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTBird bones are generally scarce in zooarchaeological assemblages in the medieval and early modern period from Finland and Sweden. To obtain new information on bird products and the role of water birds in the Baltic Sea during this period, zooarchaeological assemblages and historical documents were studied from these two countries. The aim is to identify chronological and regional differences and similarities in the materials and understand if there is different evidence of historic utilization of water birds in the Baltic Sea area than zooarchaeological evidence suggests. The materials show that ducks were found in most environments compared to other species found mainly in coastal regions. High frequencies of water birds were identified in the central part of the Baltic Sea, on the Åland Islands. Relatively large frequencies were also identified in nearby Stockholm and Lake Mälaren area. Historical documents from the early 17th century suggest that trade in water birds, specifically common eiders, long‐tailed ducks, velvet scoters, and mergansers, was conducted from the archipelago area around Stockholm and from the Åland Islands. The zooarchaeological assemblages suggest that this trade had been ongoing for centuries before it was documented in the administrative records.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Bird bones are generally scarce in zooarchaeological assemblages in the medieval and early modern period from Finland and Sweden. To obtain new information on bird products and the role of water birds in the Baltic Sea during this period, zooarchaeological assemblages and historical documents were studied from these two countries. The aim is to identify chronological and regional differences and similarities in the materials and understand if there is different evidence of historic utilization of water birds in the Baltic Sea area than zooarchaeological evidence suggests. The materials show that ducks were found in most environments compared to other species found mainly in coastal regions. High frequencies of water birds were identified in the central part of the Baltic Sea, on the Åland Islands. Relatively large frequencies were also identified in nearby Stockholm and Lake Mälaren area. Historical documents from the early 17th century suggest that trade in water birds, specifically common eiders, long-tailed ducks, velvet scoters, and mergansers, was conducted from the archipelago area around Stockholm and from the Åland Islands. The zooarchaeological assemblages suggest that this trade had been ongoing for centuries before it was documented in the administrative records.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Hanna Kivikero</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Birds of Trade: Availability of Water Birds and Bird Products During Medieval and Early Modern Period in the Baltic Sea</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3405</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3405</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3405?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3408?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:10:36 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-16T07:10:36-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3408</guid> <title>Stable Isotope Analysis Combined With ZooMS Reveals the Subsistence Strategies at Wupu Cemetery in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 35, Issue 3, May/June 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTDuring the 2nd millennium bce, domestic ruminants were introduced to the eastern Tianshan Mountains (ETM) of Xinjiang, China, leading to the emergence of settled pastoralism and agro‐pastoral economy. Since around the early Iron Age (1000 bce), the nomadic pastoral culture arose in this area. However, how this process influenced the diet of ancient people in the transitional period during the Bronze–Iron Age, and the resilience to adapt to different natural environments still needs further study. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses are performed on human hairs (n = 18), wools (n = 6), leathers (n = 3), and millet seeds (n = 5) from Wupu cemetery, dating to 3000–2400 cal BP in Hami basin, ETM. Three leather samples are identified as sheep or cattle by zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry. The δ13C divergence between wool samples (−20.0 ± 1.3‰) and cattle leather (−15.3‰ and −9.6‰) suggests a compound feeding strategy of sheep grazing in the natural environment and cattle raising in pens. The result of human hairs (δ13C = −16.7 ± 1.6‰, δ15N = 12.3 ± 1.6‰) indicates a subsistence strategy of C3/C4 mixed agriculture integrated with pastoralism at Wupu. Then, we collected δ15N values of domestic herbivores (n = 120) at low and high altitudes in the ETM as baselines to calculate human‐herbivore δ15N offsets at different altitudes. The results show that a certain percentage of individuals with an offset value below 3‰ are present in all low‐altitude sites dominated by agro‐pastoralism. However, in the high‐altitude sites dominated by nomadic pastoralism, there are no such individuals. Thus, human‐herbivore δ15N offset values may have great potential to differentiate different lifestyles in the Eurasia steppe, where herbivores are the dominant domestic animals.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>During the 2nd millennium <span class="smallCaps">bce</span>, domestic ruminants were introduced to the eastern Tianshan Mountains (ETM) of Xinjiang, China, leading to the emergence of settled pastoralism and agro-pastoral economy. Since around the early Iron Age (1000 <span class="smallCaps">bce</span>), the nomadic pastoral culture arose in this area. However, how this process influenced the diet of ancient people in the transitional period during the Bronze–Iron Age, and the resilience to adapt to different natural environments still needs further study. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses are performed on human hairs (<i>n</i> = 18), wools (<i>n</i> = 6), leathers (<i>n</i> = 3), and millet seeds (<i>n</i> = 5) from Wupu cemetery, dating to 3000–2400 cal BP in Hami basin, ETM. Three leather samples are identified as sheep or cattle by zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry. The δ<sup>13</sup>C divergence between wool samples (−20.0 ± 1.3‰) and cattle leather (−15.3‰ and −9.6‰) suggests a compound feeding strategy of sheep grazing in the natural environment and cattle raising in pens. The result of human hairs (δ<sup>13</sup>C = −16.7 ± 1.6‰, δ<sup>15</sup>N = 12.3 ± 1.6‰) indicates a subsistence strategy of C<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>4</sub> mixed agriculture integrated with pastoralism at Wupu. Then, we collected δ<sup>15</sup>N values of domestic herbivores (<i>n</i> = 120) at low and high altitudes in the ETM as baselines to calculate human-herbivore δ<sup>15</sup>N offsets at different altitudes. The results show that a certain percentage of individuals with an offset value below 3‰ are present in all low-altitude sites dominated by agro-pastoralism. However, in the high-altitude sites dominated by nomadic pastoralism, there are no such individuals. Thus, human-herbivore δ<sup>15</sup>N offset values may have great potential to differentiate different lifestyles in the Eurasia steppe, where herbivores are the dominant domestic animals.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Li Liu, Nuoyang Sun, Enguo Lyu, Huiyun Rao, Bin Han, Hongen Jiang, Yimin Yang</dc:creator> <category>RESEARCH ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Stable Isotope Analysis Combined With ZooMS Reveals the Subsistence Strategies at Wupu Cemetery in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3408</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3408</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3408?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>RESEARCH ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>35</prism:volume> <prism:number>3</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70002?af=R</link> <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2025 23:20:44 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-12T11:20:44-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70002</guid> <title>On the Discovery of a Fossil Seal Scapula in Ancient Panticapaeum (Crimean Peninsula)</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThis study reports the discovery of a fossilized left scapula of the extinct Miocene seal Cryptophoca maeotica within Hellenistic layers of Panticapaeum, an ancient Greek city on the Kerch Peninsula, Crimea. Excavated from a 4th‐century ad water cistern repurposed as a refuse deposit, the scapula represents a rare instance of fossil remains in an urban archaeological context. Morphological and biometric analyses, supported by the region's Miocene geological context, confirmed the species identification. The absence of human modification suggests that it was probably not used as a tool or ritual object. The find indicates that Hellenistic communities in Panticapaeum, a key center of the Bosporan Kingdom, may have collected such fossils as curiosities or symbolic items, reflecting engagement with the region's paleontological heritage. This discovery underscores the value of interdisciplinary approaches to studying ancient human–fossil interactions.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>This study reports the discovery of a fossilized left scapula of the extinct Miocene seal <i>Cryptophoca maeotica</i> within Hellenistic layers of Panticapaeum, an ancient Greek city on the Kerch Peninsula, Crimea. Excavated from a 4th-century <span class="smallCaps">ad</span> water cistern repurposed as a refuse deposit, the scapula represents a rare instance of fossil remains in an urban archaeological context. Morphological and biometric analyses, supported by the region's Miocene geological context, confirmed the species identification. The absence of human modification suggests that it was probably not used as a tool or ritual object. The find indicates that Hellenistic communities in Panticapaeum, a key center of the Bosporan Kingdom, may have collected such fossils as curiosities or symbolic items, reflecting engagement with the region's paleontological heritage. This discovery underscores the value of interdisciplinary approaches to studying ancient human–fossil interactions.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>A. V. Zinoviev</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>On the Discovery of a Fossil Seal Scapula in Ancient Panticapaeum (Crimean Peninsula)</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70002</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70002</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70002?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70000?af=R</link> <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2025 00:44:28 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-12T12:44:28-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.70000</guid> <title>Comment, Correction, and New Findings for “Foetal Bison Long Bones and Mortality Season Estimates at the Early Holocene Casper and Horner II Sites, North America”, by Ryan P. Breslawski, Tomasin Playford, and Christopher M. Johnston (2020), International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vol 30, 425–434</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description/> <content:encoded/> <dc:creator>Ryan P. Breslawski, Michael C. Wilson</dc:creator> <category>COMMENTARY</category> <dc:title>Comment, Correction, and New Findings for “Foetal Bison Long Bones and Mortality Season Estimates at the Early Holocene Casper and Horner II Sites, North America”, by Ryan P. Breslawski, Tomasin Playford, and Christopher M. Johnston (2020), International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vol 30, 425–434</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.70000</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.70000</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.70000?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>COMMENTARY</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3417?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2025 02:39:50 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-09T02:39:50-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3417</guid> <title>Exploring Division of Labor at the Jiaojia Site in the Late Neolithic Period, Eastern China Using Entheseal Changes as Proxy</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThe investigation of activity patterns has consistently been a significant objective in bioarchaeological research. As distinct skeletal markers, entheseal changes (ECs) have been extensively used to reconstruct the habitual behaviors of ancient populations. In this study, we conducted an analysis to identify differences in physical activity between sexes and across two distinct socioeconomic groups at the Jiaojia site (ca. 2911–2491 b.c.) during the late Neolithic period in eastern China. This analysis was based on data obtained through the Coimbra method from eight entheses. The findings derived from the ECs support the existence of a sexual division of labor. Comparison between those from different socioeconomic backgrounds did not show a statistically significant difference in ECs data, suggesting that they engaged in physical activities with comparable intensity. These results imply that daily life may be structured around patterns of routine labor. However, the interpretation of EC data must be approached with caution and should be supplemented by further theoretical and methodological research to accurately reconstruct habitual activities.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>The investigation of activity patterns has consistently been a significant objective in bioarchaeological research. As distinct skeletal markers, entheseal changes (ECs) have been extensively used to reconstruct the habitual behaviors of ancient populations. In this study, we conducted an analysis to identify differences in physical activity between sexes and across two distinct socioeconomic groups at the Jiaojia site (ca. 2911–2491 <span class="smallCaps">b.c</span>.) during the late Neolithic period in eastern China. This analysis was based on data obtained through the Coimbra method from eight entheses. The findings derived from the ECs support the existence of a sexual division of labor. Comparison between those from different socioeconomic backgrounds did not show a statistically significant difference in ECs data, suggesting that they engaged in physical activities with comparable intensity. These results imply that daily life may be structured around patterns of routine labor. However, the interpretation of EC data must be approached with caution and should be supplemented by further theoretical and methodological research to accurately reconstruct habitual activities.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Yueming Niu, Wen Zeng, Zhangqiaochu Yang, Fen Wang, Yongsheng Zhao</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>Exploring Division of Labor at the Jiaojia Site in the Late Neolithic Period, Eastern China Using Entheseal Changes as Proxy</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3417</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3417</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3417?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3419?af=R</link> <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jun 2025 18:35:14 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-06-01T06:35:14-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3419</guid> <title>The Origins of Viking Age Dogs in Luistari, Eura, Finland</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTWe used stable (δ18O) and radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic proxies to investigate the origins of dogs (Canis familiaris) buried in Viking Age graves at Luistari, Finland. While all 13 dogs exhibited oxygen isotope values compatible with local surface waters, 87Sr/86Sr ratios for two of the four dogs analyzed (graves 289 and 480) were compatible with a likely origin in southern Scandinavia. The findings align with previous evidence of the mobility of Viking Age dogs. The results highlight the importance of dogs in trade, exchange and social networks between communities in southwestern Finland and the Baltic Sea coastline during the Viking Age.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>We used stable (δ<sup>18</sup>O) and radiogenic (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) isotopic proxies to investigate the origins of dogs (Canis familiaris) buried in Viking Age graves at Luistari, Finland. While all 13 dogs exhibited oxygen isotope values compatible with local surface waters, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios for two of the four dogs analyzed (graves 289 and 480) were compatible with a likely origin in southern Scandinavia. The findings align with previous evidence of the mobility of Viking Age dogs. The results highlight the importance of dogs in trade, exchange and social networks between communities in southwestern Finland and the Baltic Sea coastline during the Viking Age.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Ulla Nordfors, Alžběta Danielisová, Heli Etu‐Sihvola, Lukáš Ackerman, Kristiina Mannermaa, Laura Arppe</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>The Origins of Viking Age Dogs in Luistari, Eura, Finland</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3419</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3419</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3419?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3372?af=R</link> <pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2025 04:44:13 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-05-10T04:44:13-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10991212?af=R">Wiley: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate/> <prism:coverDisplayDate/> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/oa.3372</guid> <title>An Antemortem Malaligned Femoral Fracture in a Pre‐Colonial Southern African Hunter‐Gatherer/Herder</title> <description>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, EarlyView. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTPhysical trauma has significant ramifications on a person's way of life depending on social structure and access to support. Understanding trauma for past people is valuable for assessing the impact of trauma on mobility, functionality, and social integration of individuals. The Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) is a significant period in southern Africa and was dominated by hunter‐gatherers and herders. A case of antemortem femoral trauma in a precolonial hunter‐gather/herder from the Nama‐Karoo in South Africa was assessed. Using macroscopic examination, photographic documentation, and radiographic analysis, an osteobiography was constructed showing the person was male, aged 35–49 years‐at‐death. The individual has a malaligned, healed oblique fracture to the proximal third of the femoral diaphysis. The malalignment resulted in shortening and medial rotation (~90°) of the distal femur. Due to the risk of complications and impairment, this individual would have required care, particularly in the early stages of healing post injury. The degree of healing indicates a level of care provision and assistance to ensure their survival and ability to maintain a role within the community. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of life ways for southern African hunter‐gatherers and herders (sAHGH) highlighting importance of care and social support in mitigating the effects of trauma during the LSA. Further research is recommended to explore healthcare systems and expand the understanding of trauma for sAHGH.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Physical trauma has significant ramifications on a person's way of life depending on social structure and access to support. Understanding trauma for past people is valuable for assessing the impact of trauma on mobility, functionality, and social integration of individuals. The Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) is a significant period in southern Africa and was dominated by hunter-gatherers and herders. A case of antemortem femoral trauma in a precolonial hunter-gather/herder from the Nama-Karoo in South Africa was assessed. Using macroscopic examination, photographic documentation, and radiographic analysis, an osteobiography was constructed showing the person was male, aged 35–49 years-at-death. The individual has a malaligned, healed oblique fracture to the proximal third of the femoral diaphysis. The malalignment resulted in shortening and medial rotation (~90°) of the distal femur. Due to the risk of complications and impairment, this individual would have required care, particularly in the early stages of healing post injury. The degree of healing indicates a level of care provision and assistance to ensure their survival and ability to maintain a role within the community. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of life ways for southern African hunter-gatherers and herders (sAHGH) highlighting importance of care and social support in mitigating the effects of trauma during the LSA. Further research is recommended to explore healthcare systems and expand the understanding of trauma for sAHGH.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Siwaphiwe Mfengu, Calvin Gerald Mole, Victoria Elaine Gibbon</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>An Antemortem Malaligned Femoral Fracture in a Pre‐Colonial Southern African Hunter‐Gatherer/Herder</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/oa.3372</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/oa.3372</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.3372?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> </item> </channel></rss> If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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