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... n't going to happen anytime soon.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" > <channel> <title>RSS Univers</title> <link>https://www.universator.com/</link> <description>Univers</description> <lastBuildDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 09:23:47 +0200</lastBuildDate> <language>en</language> <sy:updatePeriod>daily</sy:updatePeriod> <sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency> <item> <title>Force of gravity on Earth</title> <description>Gravity is one of those things we take completely for granted. And there are two things about it that we take for granted: the fact that it is always there, and the fact that it never changes. If the Earth's gravity were ever to ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/presentation_physics_231_introductory_physics_i.jpg" alt="Weight Force of gravity on" align="left" /><p>Gravity is one of those things we take completely for granted. And there are two things about it that we take for granted: the fact that it is always there, and the fact that it never changes. If the Earth's gravity were ever to change significantly, it would have a huge effect on nearly everything because so many things are designed around the current state of gravity. Before looking at changes in gravity however, it is helpful to first understand what gravity is. Gravity is an attractive force between any two atoms. Let's say you take two golf balls and place them on a table. There will be an incredibly slight gravitational attraction between the atoms in those two golf balls. If you use two massive pieces of lead and some amazingly precise instruments, you can actually measure an infinitesimal attraction between them. It is only when you get an gigantic number of atoms together, as in the case of the planet Earth, that the force of gravitational attraction is significant. The reason why gravity on Earth never changes is because the mass of the Earth never changes. The only way to suddenly change the gravity on Earth would be to change the mass of the planet. A change in mass great enough to result in a change in gravity isn't going to happen anytime soon.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Gravitational Force]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/GravitationalForce/force-of-gravity-on-earth</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/GravitationalForce/force-of-gravity-on-earth</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 05:23:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>What is the pull of gravity?</title> <description>• Reading level: Young Adult • Hardcover: 208 pages • Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR) (May 10, 2011) • Language: English • ISBN-10: • ISBN-13: 9937 Ah, at last a book with many of my favorite things all ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/quick_qa_how_does_the_space.jpg" alt="Environmental Science: What Is" align="left" /><p>• Reading level: Young Adult • Hardcover: 208 pages • Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR) (May 10, 2011) • Language: English • ISBN-10: • ISBN-13: 9937 Ah, at last a book with many of my favorite things all mixed up. But, what do you get when you mix troll dolls, Slinkies, John Steinbeck, and Yoda? From past experience, I can tell you some of my best laid culinary plans have gone wildly astray. Take for example, the peach, date, banana ice cream my Aunt Jeanne and I whipped • Reading level: Young Adult • Hardcover: 208 pages • Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR) (May 10, 2011) • Language: English • ISBN-10: • ISBN-13: 9937 Ah, at last a book with many of my favorite things all mixed up. But, what do you get when you mix troll dolls, Slinkies, John Steinbeck, and Yoda? From past experience, I can tell you some of my best laid culinary plans have gone wildly astray. Take for example, the peach, date, banana ice cream my Aunt Jeanne and I whipped up one summer. She and I loved the sweet caramel colored confection, but we were the only ones. The rest of the family wanted vanilla. Gae Polisner, on the other hand, has created a winning combination in The Pull of Gravity. She’s blended a tasty mix of timeless classic literature, pop culture, and kitschy fun that’s not only readable, but highly memorable and instructional as well. Nick Gardner’s fifteen, which is really bad enough for anyone. Add to that, his Dad’s suffering extreme depression since the family moved from Manhattan to the suburbs and has spent most of his time lying on the couch gaining a massive amount of weight. Abruptly, his Dad decides to get off that couch and walk the 170 miles back to Manhattan in order to regain his physique and self esteem. His older brother’s changing fast, too—getting interested in girls and other related activities that are just TMI for Nick. Add to that, his best friend’s dying. This isn’t news, exactly. Reginald Reyland, aka The Scoot, was born with progeria, a genetic defect which results in babies being born with an eighty year old’s system and a vastly shortened lifespan. Scoot handles his impending demise with far more grace and aplomb than the adults in his life. His RN Mom works double shifts at the hospital and leaves the kid mostly on his own and Scoot’s Dad left shortly after he was born unable to cope with the emotional crisis having a handicapped kid creates.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Gravitational Pull]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/GravitationalPull/what-is-the-pull-of-gravity</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/GravitationalPull/what-is-the-pull-of-gravity</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2025 09:37:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Law of gravitational pull</title> <description>In my two previous posts, I explained how understanding the laws of the universe and the differences between perception and reality can help businesses to do better marketing. In this one, I take these concepts a bit further to ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/margie_warrell_five_ways_to_bolster.jpg" alt="Five Ways To Bolster Your" align="left" /><p>In my two previous posts, I explained how understanding the laws of the universe and the differences between perception and reality can help businesses to do better marketing. In this one, I take these concepts a bit further to show marketers how they can use gravity - the least understood of the four fundamental forces of nature - to improve their marketing. What is gravity? In grade school, many of us learned that Sir Isaac Newton started thinking about the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head. Although gravity cannot be seen with the human eye, it is a very real force. This becomes obvious when people slip and fall, drop something that breaks on the ground, or get hit on the head by a falling object. While people can perceive these effects of gravity, scientists are not sure what it is. We see objects fall down or toward a large object, but unlike other forces, scientists have not found an opposing force that can repel a falling object. This and other characteristics make gravity perhaps the most mysterious of the known forces. Even so, we can measure it, and make predictions based on it. Gravitational force equation The gravitational force between two objects is described by the equation. F = G(m1m2)/d2, where F is the gravitational force, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, d is the distance between the objects, and G is the gravitational constant.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Gravitational Pull]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/GravitationalPull/law-of-gravitational-pull</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/GravitationalPull/law-of-gravitational-pull</guid> <pubDate>Sat, 26 Jul 2025 09:36:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Higgs particle</title> <description>[Updated slightly, to reflect the fact that a Higgs of some type has been discovered, as announced at the LHC on July 4th, 2012.] Most of us learned in school, or from books, that all the materials around us — everything we ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/cern_experiments_observe_particle_consistent_with.jpg" alt="ATLAS detector" align="left" /><p>[Updated slightly, to reflect the fact that a Higgs of some type has been discovered, as announced at the LHC on July 4th, 2012.] Most of us learned in school, or from books, that all the materials around us — everything we eat, drink and breathe, all living creatures, and the very earth itself — are made from atoms. These come in about 100 types, called “the chemical elements”, and are typically found arranged into molecules, as letters can be arranged into words. Such facts about the world we take almost for granted, but they were still hotly debated late into the 19th century. Only around 1900, when the actual size of atoms could finally be inferred from multiple lines of reasoning, and the electron, the subatomic particle that inhabits the outskirts of atoms, was discovered, did the atomic picture of the world come into focus. But even today, some lines in this picture are still fuzzy. Puzzles dating back a century still remain unresolved. And the “Higgs boson” hullabaloo that you’ve been hearing about has everything to do with these deep questions at the heart of our own existence. Some of these blurry areas may soon become clearer, revealing details about the world that we cannot yet discern. We learned in school that the mass of an atom comes mostly from its tiny nucleus; the electrons that form a broad cloud around the nucleus contribute less than a thousandth of an atom’s mass. But what most of us didn’t learn, unless we took a college class in physics, is that an atom’s size — the distance across it — depends mainly on the electron’s mass. If you managed somehow to decrease the mass of the electron, you’d find atoms would grow larger, and much more fragile. Reduce the electron’s mass by more than a factor of a thousand or so, and atoms would be so delicate that even the leftover heat from the Big Bang that launched our universe could break them apart. And so the very structure and survival of ordinary materials is tied to a seemingly esoteric question: why does the electron have a mass at all? The mass of the electron, and its origin, has puzzled and troubled physicists since it was first measured. Complicating and enriching the puzzle are the many discoveries, over the past century, of other apparently elementary particles. First it was learned that light is made from particles too, called photons, that have no mass at all; then it was learned that atomic nuclei are made from particles, called quarks, that do have mass; and recently we found strong indications that neutrinos, elusive particles that stream from the sun in droves, have masses too, albeit very small ones. And so the question about the electron became subsumed in larger questions: Why do particles like electrons, quarks and neutrinos have mass, while photons do not? In the middle of the last century, physicists learned how to write equations that predicted and described how electrons behaved. Even though they didn’t know where the electron’s mass came from, they found it easy to put the mass, by hand, into their equations, figuring that a full explanation of its origin would turn up later. But as they began to learn more about the weak nuclear force, one of the four known forces of nature, a serious problem emerged. The physicists already knew that electric forces are related to photons, and then they realized further that the weak nuclear force is related, similarly, to so-called “W” and “Z” particles. However, the W and Z differ from the photon, in that they do have a mass — they are as massive as an atom of tin, over a hundred thousand times heavier than are electrons. Unfortunately, the physicists found they could not put masses for the W and Z particles by hand into their equations; the resulting equations gave nonsensical predictions. And when they looked at how the weak nuclear force affected electrons and quarks and neutrinos, they discovered that the old way of putting in the electron mass by hand wouldn’t work anymore; it too would break the equations. To explain how the known elementary particles could possibly have mass at all required fresh ideas. This conundrum emerged gradually in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Already in the early 1960s a possible solution emerged — and here we meet Peter Higgs, and the others (Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble.) They suggested what we now call the “Higgs mechanism.” Suppose, they said, there is an as yet unknown field of nature — like all fields, a sort of substance present everywhere in space — that is not zero , and uniform across all of space and time. If this field — now called the Higgs field — were of the right type, its presence would then cause the W and Z particles to develop masses, and also would allow physicists to put the electron mass back into their equations — still putting off the question of why the electron’s mass is what it is, but at least allowing equations to be written down in which the electron’s mass isn’t zero ! Over the ensuing decades the idea of the Higgs mechanism was tested in many different ways. We know, today, through exhaustive studies of the W and Z particles, among other things, that something like this is the right solution to the conundrum posed by the weak nuclear force. But the details? We don’t know them at all. What is the Higgs field, and how should we conceive of it? It is as invisible to us, and as unnoticed by us, as air is to a child, or water to a fish; in fact even more so, because although we learn, as we grow up, to become conscious of the flow of air over our bodies, as detected by our sense of touch, none of our senses provide us with any access to the Higgs field. Not only do we lack a means to detect it with our senses, it proves impossible to detect directly with scientific instruments. So how can we hope to tell for sure that it is there? And how can we hope to learn anything about it? There is one additional way in which the analogy between air and the Higgs field works well: if you disturb either of them, they will vibrate, forming waves. In the case of air, it’s easy to make these waves — just shout, or clap your hands — and our ears can easily detect these waves, in the form of sound. In the case of the Higgs field, it’s harder to create the waves, and harder to observe them. To make them requires a giant particle accelerator, called the Large Hadron Collider or LHC, at the CERN laboratory outside Geneva, Switzerland; and to detect them demands the use of building-sized scientific instruments, which go by the names of ATLAS and CMS.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Higgs Boson]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/HiggsBoson/higgs-particle</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/HiggsBoson/higgs-particle</guid> <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2025 09:32:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Gravitational force Problems</title> <description>Using physics, you can calculate the gravitational force that is exerted on one object by another object. For example, given the weight of, and distance between, two objects, you can calculate how large the force of gravity is ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/important_characteristics_of_gravitational_force_ga.jpg" alt="Important Characteristics of" align="left" /><p>Using physics, you can calculate the gravitational force that is exerted on one object by another object. For example, given the weight of, and distance between, two objects, you can calculate how large the force of gravity is between them. Here are some practice questions that you can try. Practice questions The gravitational force between objects A and B is 4 newtons. If the mass of B were one-half as large as it currently is while A's mass remains the same, how large is the gravitational force? Calculate the force of gravity between two 3-kilogram ball bearings separated by a distance of 10 centimeters. Round your answer to two significant digits. A 9, 000-kilogram starship is pulled toward Planet X, a behemoth with a radius of 65, 000 kilometers. When the starship is 2, 500 kilometers from the planet's surface, what is the starship's acceleration (providing that its engines are turned off)? Round your answer to two significant digits. Answers The following are the answers to the practice questions: 2 N The force of gravity exerted between objects is proportional to each object's mass. If B's mass is halved — with A's mass remaining unchanged — then the gravitational force between A and B is also halved: Before you can substitute all the given values into the law of universal gravitation, you need to convert the distance between the ball bearings into meters to match the units in the gravitational constant, G: With its engines off, the only force that the starship feels is the gravitational force attracting it to Planet X. Therefore, the net force on the starship must be equal to the force of gravity between the ship and the planet, represents the distance between the centers of the two objects: The distance from the center of Planet X to its surface is 65, 000 kilometers, and the distance from the surface to the starship is another 2, 500 kilometers, making the total distance between the planet and the starship 67, 500 kilometers — or, more importantly, given the units situation, 67, 500, 000 meters Substituting all the data into the equations leaves you with: (You can save yourself a little handwriting by noticing that because appears on both sides of the equation in the second line, you can divide it from both sides to leave you with</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Gravitational Force]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/GravitationalForce/gravitational-force-problems</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/GravitationalForce/gravitational-force-problems</guid> <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jul 2025 09:29:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Theoretical energy</title> <description>Group Overview The last decades have seen exciting progress in high energy physics with the establishment of the Standard Model of the quark and lepton constituents of matter and their interactions. A unified gauge theory of weak ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/100_renewable_energy_isnt_theoretical_its.jpg" alt="100% renewable energy is a" align="left" /><p>Group Overview The last decades have seen exciting progress in high energy physics with the establishment of the Standard Model of the quark and lepton constituents of matter and their interactions. A unified gauge theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions received experimental confirmation through the discovery of the W and Z bosons and a host of other experiments. The strong interactions of quarks and gluons - the constituents of the proton, neutron and other hadrons - are described by a similar gauge theory, Quantum Chromodynamics. Our group at Carnegie Mellon works to extract predictions from the Standard Model and on the physics that lies beyond it, such as theories with more complicated Higgs sectors and grand unified theories. We're particularly interested in the nature and origin of the symmetries that characterize the interactions and applications that are of astrophysical or cosmological significance. Member Research Thrusts Fred Gilman's research is in theoretical particle physics, particularly in understanding the nature of CP violation. He looks to the LHC to provide us with additional sources of CP violation that would explain the dominance of matter over antimatter in the universe and to produce in the laboratory the particles that make up the dark matter. Gilman is leading efforts to create and expand the McWilliams Center for Cosmology. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation. Richard Holman's interests center mainly on the interface between cosmology and particle physics with strong interests in the quantum mechanics/field theory involved in inflationary cosmologies. He is developing a formalism to describe quantum fields in non-equilibrium environments, such as occur during and immediately after an inflationary phase. He is also involved in trying to understand how current and future measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation could detect effects coming from Planck-Scale physics, as well as constructing models that describe the so-called Dark Energy component of the Universe. Mike Levine is co-director of the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center. He has developed computational hardware and numerical and algebraic algorithms to perform high order perturbative calculations in quantum electrodynamics. Ira Rothstein is concerned with using the data from the LHC to explain the origin of mass and the nature of the dark matter. He has worked on various topics in this field ranging from theories of extra dimensions to calculating Higgs boson production rates. He has also using quantum field theory to calculate classical gravity wave profiles for inspiralling black holes. He also works on effective field theory techniques to find systematic ways of calculating strong interaction observables at high energies.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Dark Energy]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/DarkEnergy/theoretical-energy</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/DarkEnergy/theoretical-energy</guid> <pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2025 09:20:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Laws of Gravitation by Isaac Newton</title> <description>Born in England, Isaac Newton was a highly influential physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, alchemist and theologian. In 1687, Newton published Philosophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, what is widely regarded to ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/sir_isaac_newtons_handwritten_notes_about.jpg" alt="Sir Isaac Newton's handwritten" align="left" /><p>Born in England, Isaac Newton was a highly influential physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, alchemist and theologian. In 1687, Newton published Philosophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, what is widely regarded to be one of the important books in the history of science. In it he describes universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, concepts that remained at the forefront of science for centuries after. Newton’s law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational attraction between bodies with mass, the earth and moon for example. Newton’s three laws of motion relate the forces acting on a body to its motion. The first is the law of inertia, it states that ‘every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force’. The second is commonly stated as ‘force equals mass times acceleration’, or F = ma. The third and final law is commonly known as ‘to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction’. Other significant work by Newton includes the principles of conservation related to momentum and angular momentum, the refraction of light, an empirical law of cooling, the building of the first practical telescope and much more. Newton moved to London in 1696 and took up a role as the Warden of the Royal Mint, overseeing the production of the Pound Sterling. Newton was known to have said that his work on formulating a theory of gravitation was inspired by watching an apple fall from a tree. A story well publicized to this very day. Famous Isaac Newton quotes include: "Plato is my friend - Aristotle is my friend - but my greatest friend is truth." "If I have seen further it is only by standing on the shoulders of Giants." "I can calculate the motions of the heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people." "I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me."</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Newton Universal Law]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/NewtonUniversalLaw/laws-of-gravitation-by-isaac-newton</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/NewtonUniversalLaw/laws-of-gravitation-by-isaac-newton</guid> <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 09:02:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Formula of gravitational constant</title> <description>You have no doubt seen gravity work in your life. After all, it is the force that keeps your feet on the ground! This lesson explores the acceleration a body experiences due to gravity and provides details of the mechanics behind ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/formula_for_gravitational.jpg" alt="Formula for Gravitational" align="left" /><p>You have no doubt seen gravity work in your life. After all, it is the force that keeps your feet on the ground! This lesson explores the acceleration a body experiences due to gravity and provides details of the mechanics behind it. Click "next lesson" whenever you finish a lesson and quiz. Got It You now have full access to our lessons and courses. Watch the lesson now or keep exploring. Got It You're 25% of the way through this course! Keep going at this rate, and you'll be done before you know it. Way to go! If you watch at least 30 minutes of lessons each day you'll master your goals before you know it. Go to Next Lesson Take Quiz Congratulations on earning a badge for watching 10 videos but you've only scratched the surface. Keep it up! Go to Next Lesson Take Quiz You've just earned a badge for watching 50 different lessons. Keep it up, you're making great progress! Go to Next Lesson Take Quiz You have earned a badge for watching 20 minutes of lessons. You have earned a badge for watching 50 minutes of lessons. You have earned a badge for watching 100 minutes of lessons. You have earned a badge for watching 250 minutes of lessons. You have earned a badge for watching 500 minutes of lessons.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Universal Gravitation Constant]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/UniversalGravitationConstant/formula-of-gravitational-constant</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/UniversalGravitationConstant/formula-of-gravitational-constant</guid> <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2025 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Newtonian gravitational constant</title> <description>Figures Figure 1: Sketch of the experiment. The Rb atom interferometer operates as a gravity gradiometer and the W masses are used as the source of the gravitational field. For the measurement of , the position of the source ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/presentation_relativity_supplementary_chapters_s2_and.jpg" alt="Newtonian gravitational" align="left" /><p>Figures Figure 1: Sketch of the experiment. The Rb atom interferometer operates as a gravity gradiometer and the W masses are used as the source of the gravitational field. For the measurement of , the position of the source masses is alternated between configurations F and C. Plots of gravitational acceleration ( az ) produced along the symmetry axis by the source masses are also shown for each configuration; a constant value for Earth’s gravity was subtracted. The spatial regions of the upper and lower atom interferometers are indicated by the thick lines. The vertical acceleration plots show the effect of source mass in cancelling the local gravity gradient at the positions of the atomic apogees. Figure 2: Experimental data. , Typical Lissajous figures obtained by plotting the output signal of the upper atom interferometer versus that of the lower one for the two configurations of the source masses. , Modulation of the differential phase shift for the two configurations of source masses for a given direction of the Raman beams’ vector. Each phase measurement is obtained by fitting a 360-point scan of the atom interference fringes to an ellipse. The error bars, not visible on this scale, are given by the standard error of the least-squares fit to the ellipse. c, Results of the measurements to determine . Each point is obtained by averaging the signals recorded for the two directions of the Raman vector (Methods). Data acquisition for each point took about one hour. These data were recorded on different days during one week in July 2013. The error bars are given by the combined errors in the phase angles of four ellipses. , Histogram of the data in c. Figure 3: Comparison with previous results. Result of this experiment for compared with the values obtained in previous experiments and with the recent CODATA adjustments. Only the experiments considered for the current CODATA 2010 value, and the subsequent BIPM-13 result, are included. For details on the experiments and their identification with the abbreviations used in the figure, see ref. 3 and the additional references in Methods.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Universal Gravitation Constant]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/UniversalGravitationConstant/newtonian-gravitational-constant</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/UniversalGravitationConstant/newtonian-gravitational-constant</guid> <pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2025 08:51:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Higgs boson LHC</title> <description>Today during the 50th session of “Rencontres de Moriond” in La Thuile Italy, the ATLAS and CMS experiments presented for the first time a combination of their results on the mass of the Higgs boson. The combined mass of the ...</description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/find_a_higgs_boson_in_lhc.jpg" alt="Find a Higgs boson in LHC" align="left" /><p>Today during the 50th session of “Rencontres de Moriond” in La Thuile Italy, the ATLAS and CMS experiments presented for the first time a combination of their results on the mass of the Higgs boson. The combined mass of the Higgs boson is mH = 125.09 ± 0.24 (0.21 stat. ± 0.11 syst.) GeV, which corresponds to a measurement precision of better than 0.2%. The Higgs boson is an essential ingredient of the Standard Model of particle physics, the theory that describes all known elementary particles and their interactions. The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism, through which the existence of the Higgs boson was predicted, is believed to give mass to all elementary particles. Today’s result is the most precise measurement of the Higgs boson mass yet and among the most precise measurements performed at the LHC to date. “Collaboration is really part of our organization’s DNA, ” says CERN Director General Rolf Heuer. “I’m delighted to see so many brilliant physicists from ATLAS and CMS joining forces for the very first time to obtain this important measurement at the LHC”. The Higgs boson decays into various different particles. For this measurement, results on the two decay channels that best reveal the mass of the Higgs boson have been combined. These two decay channels are: the Higgs boson decaying to two photons; and the Higgs boson decaying to four leptons – where the leptons are an electron or muon. Candidate Higgs boson event from collisions between protons in the ATLAS detector on the LHC. From the collision at the centre, the particle decays into four muons (red tracks)(Image:ATLAS/CERN) Each experiment has found a few hundred events in the Higgs to photons channel and a few tens of events in the Higgs to leptons channel. The analysis uses the data collected from about 4000 trillion proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2011 and 2012 at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. “The Higgs Boson was discovered at the LHC in 2012 and the study of its properties has just begun. By sharing efforts between ATLAS and CMS, we are going to understand this fascinating particle in more detail and study its behaviour, ” says CMS spokesperson Tiziano Camporesi. The Standard Model does not predict the mass of the Higgs boson itself, so it must be measured experimentally. But once supplied with a Higgs mass, the Standard Model does make predictions for all the other properties of the Higgs boson, which can then be tested by the experiments. This mass combination is the first step towards a combination of other measurements of the Higgs boson’s properties, which will include its other decays. "While we are just getting ready to restart the LHC, it is admirable to notice the precision already achieved by the two experiments and the compatibility of their results, ” says CERN Director of Research Sergio Bertolucci. “This is very promising for LHC Run 2.” Up to now, increasingly precise measurements from the two experiments have established that all observed properties of the Higgs boson, including its spin, parity and interactions with other particles are consistent with the Standard Model Higgs boson. With the upcoming combination of other Run 1 Higgs results from the two experiments and with higher energy and more collisions to come during LHC Run 2, physicists expect to increase the precision of the Higgs boson mass even more and to explore in more detail the particle’s properties. During Run 2, they will be able to combine their results promptly and thus increase the LHC’s sensitivity to effects that could hint at new physics beyond the Standard Model.</p>]]></content:encoded> <category><![CDATA[Higgs Boson]]></category> <link>https://www.universator.com/HiggsBoson/higgs-boson-lhc</link> <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.universator.com/HiggsBoson/higgs-boson-lhc</guid> <pubDate>Sat, 24 May 2025 08:33:00 +0000</pubDate> </item> </channel></rss>If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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