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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784</id><updated>2024-10-06T20:19:56.495-07:00</updated><category term="standards"/><category term="ISO"/><category term="Safety"/><category term="ANSI"/><category term="Environmental Management"/><category term="Smart Grid"/><category term="ASTM"/><category term="EPA"/><category term="Electrical Grid"/><category term="Electricity"/><category term="IEC"/><category term="Infrastructure"/><category term="AWS"/><category term="ISO 14001"/><category term="ISO 9001"/><category term="IT"/><category term="LIA"/><category 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term="Economics"/><category term="Entity"/><category term="Ethanol"/><category term="FDIS"/><category term="Fall Arrest"/><category term="Farm"/><category term="Financial Services"/><category term="Fireworks"/><category term="Food Handler Card"/><category term="Free Available Chlorine"/><category term="Friction Stir Welding"/><category term="Fuel"/><category term="Funicular"/><category term="Fusion Welding"/><category term="GELPP"/><category term="Garden"/><category term="Gases"/><category term="Greenhouse"/><category term="HERL"/><category term="HL7"/><category term="Health Care"/><category term="Health Care Facilities"/><category term="Health Informatics"/><category term="Hearing Protection"/><category term="Hubble Telescope"/><category term="Human Factors Ergonomics Society"/><category term="IEC/TS"/><category term="INCITS"/><category term="ISEA"/><category term="ISMS"/><category term="ISO 14000"/><category term="ISO 18025"/><category term="ISO 3103"/><category term="ISO 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term="ceramic"/><category term="cervical collar"/><category term="china"/><category term="cleanroom"/><category term="climate change"/><category term="construction safety"/><category term="contamination prevention"/><category term="counterfeit electronics"/><category term="cultural adaptability"/><category term="data quality"/><category term="eCDM"/><category term="eDDR"/><category term="electrode"/><category term="energy"/><category term="energy consumption"/><category term="energy efficiency"/><category term="energy production"/><category term="engineering"/><category term="entertainment"/><category term="environmental data coding specification"/><category term="ergonomics"/><category term="falls"/><category term="fluoride"/><category term="forensics"/><category term="fuel economy"/><category term="fumigant"/><category term="funicular safety"/><category term="gesture"/><category term="glazing"/><category term="guard rail"/><category term="hardness testing"/><category term="hardware"/><category term="head protection"/><category term="helmets skiing"/><category term="high reliability electronics"/><category term="holocene"/><category term="home design"/><category term="how to find standards"/><category term="hybrid car"/><category term="hydropower"/><category term="information technology"/><category term="intellectual property"/><category term="intermittent"/><category term="labs"/><category term="ladder types"/><category term="laser class"/><category term="laser standards"/><category term="life cycle"/><category term="lighting standards"/><category term="load following"/><category term="machine safety"/><category term="machine tools"/><category term="manufacturing"/><category term="manufacturing and production"/><category term="marine safety"/><category term="medical devices"/><category term="military electronics"/><category term="mobile apps"/><category term="moisture control"/><category term="movie about standards"/><category term="online learning"/><category term="online piracy"/><category term="online training"/><category term="peaking"/><category term="phosphine"/><category term="power plant"/><category term="public policy"/><category term="quality management"/><category term="rail"/><category term="railway"/><category term="railway standards"/><category term="real estate"/><category term="reduce cost"/><category term="scaffolding"/><category term="search algorithm"/><category term="search auto complete"/><category term="search engine for standards"/><category term="six sigma"/><category term="slips"/><category term="snowboarding"/><category term="solar"/><category term="sports"/><category term="standards package"/><category term="sustainability"/><category term="teeth"/><category term="tide"/><category term="tile"/><category term="traffic barrier"/><category term="traffic control"/><category term="training courses"/><category term="training standards"/><category term="trips"/><category term="value of standards"/><category term="webstore"/><category term="wildlife"/><category term="wire rope ladder"/><category term="workplace"/><category term="workplace safety standards"/><category term="z136.9"/><title type='text'>Free Three</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default?start-index=26&max-results=25'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>108</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-1758954133963961903</id><published>2023-08-05T06:05:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2023-08-05T06:05:28.796-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CPNS"/><title type='text'>Prediksi Soal TWK TIU TKP Persiapan Seleksi CPNS PPPK 2023/2024</title><content type='html'><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiIEgmpW5_4moOwKXEfXX3peJrtXfsdh-l7mO1WaW80ekPfZKZVfQdHQSqzMj9bFjhdzhDK9JPokVj-necgu6UkmvDGIqQ7KyGRHs7h6i17W4mn59zAdfAB4b6pXdckr_DC36YJR34rZTylPnZEpLpsN8gTmfwrfzk7PU2urpvXORItGgd8ZNV2IHydEw/s830/Ilustasi-CPNS-2023-4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="830" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiIEgmpW5_4moOwKXEfXX3peJrtXfsdh-l7mO1WaW80ekPfZKZVfQdHQSqzMj9bFjhdzhDK9JPokVj-necgu6UkmvDGIqQ7KyGRHs7h6i17W4mn59zAdfAB4b6pXdckr_DC36YJR34rZTylPnZEpLpsN8gTmfwrfzk7PU2urpvXORItGgd8ZNV2IHydEw/s16000/Ilustasi-CPNS-2023-4.jpg" /></a></div><p>Kabar gembira bagi masyarakat yang menunggu kabar pembukaan CPNS 2023. Pasalnya, seleksi CPNS 2023 akan segera dibuka dalam waktu dekat ini.</p><p><br /></p><p>Berdasarkan pernyataan resmi dari Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Menpan RB) Abdullah Azwar Anas, CPNS 2023 akan dibuka pada September mendatang.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p>Info terbarunya, Pemerintah telah menetapkan sebanyak 572.474 formasi untuk PPPK dan CPNS 2023.</p><p><br /></p><p>Padahal total kebutuhan ASN nasional 2023 yang dibeberkan sebelumnya adalah sebanyak 1.030.751 untuk PPPK dan CPNS 2023 baik di pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah.&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p>Berikut rincian formasi terbaru PPPK dan CPNS 2023</p><p><br /></p><p>1. Pemerintah Pusat: 78.861</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>CPNS: 28.903</li><li>PPPK: 49.968</li></ul><p></p><p>2. Pemerintah Daerah: 493.613</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>PPPK Guru: 296.084</li><li>PPPK Tenaga Kesehatan: 154.672</li><li>PPPK Tenaga Teknis: 42.857</li></ul><p></p><p>Oleh sebab itu perlu ada nya persiapan untuk menghadapi seleksi SKD maupun SKB dalam mengikuti CPNS dan PPPK 2023 nanti, berikut ini adalah kumpulan soal SKD dan SKB seleksi CPNS 2023.</p><p><br /></p><p>Prediksi Soal TWK TIU TKP Persiapan Seleksi CPNS PPPK 2023/2024</p><p><br /></p><p>TWK (tes wawasan kebangsaan), TIU (tes intelegensi umum), dan TKP (tes karakteristik pribadi)</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Rangkuman TWK (tes wawasan kebangsaan) 2023</li><li>Rangkuman TIU (tes intelegensi umum)&nbsp;2023</li><li>Rangkuman TKP (tes karakteristik pribadi)&nbsp;2023</li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p>Rangkuman Mater dan Soal Dapat Mengunjungi <a href="https://www.edukasicampus.com/" target="_blank">Edukasi Campus</a></p></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/1758954133963961903/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2023/08/prediksi-soal-twk-tiu-tkp-persiapan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1758954133963961903'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1758954133963961903'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2023/08/prediksi-soal-twk-tiu-tkp-persiapan.html' title='Prediksi Soal TWK TIU TKP Persiapan Seleksi CPNS PPPK 2023/2024'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiIEgmpW5_4moOwKXEfXX3peJrtXfsdh-l7mO1WaW80ekPfZKZVfQdHQSqzMj9bFjhdzhDK9JPokVj-necgu6UkmvDGIqQ7KyGRHs7h6i17W4mn59zAdfAB4b6pXdckr_DC36YJR34rZTylPnZEpLpsN8gTmfwrfzk7PU2urpvXORItGgd8ZNV2IHydEw/s72-c/Ilustasi-CPNS-2023-4.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-8495446150630785972</id><published>2020-11-19T07:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T08:11:12.378-08:00</updated><title type='text'>We moved! Introducing the new home for the Google Webmaster Blogs</title><content type='html'><p>Last week we <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2020/11/goodbye-google-webmasters">changed our name to Google Search Central</a> and published our new central site. As part of this site migration, we're also consolidating the Google Webmaster Blogs into one place on the new site. </p><p>Today, we're announcing that <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/blog">this page within the Google Search Central site</a> is the new home for our blog. We migrated all of the archived blog posts, <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2005/08/just-getting-started">dating back to 2005</a>. They're available in the archive drop down menu. </p><h2>No action required for your subscribtion</h2><p> You don't need to take any action in order to keep getting updates from us. We will redirect the current set of RSS and email subscribers to the new blog URL. </p> <h2>Translations are coming soon</h2><p>We're still working on moving translated blog posts, so it may take some time until you see translated content appearing on the blog. When posts are translated, you'll be able to select your language on this site and get the translated content, compared to the previous blog setup where you needed to know the URL. </p><p>If you have any questions or comments, you can find us on <a href="https://twitter.com/googlesearchc" class="external">Twitter</a> and in our <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/community" class="external">Google Search Central Help Community</a>. </p><span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="https://twitter.com/LizziHarvey" class="external">Lizzi Harvey</a>, Technical Writer on the Google Search Central team</span></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/8495446150630785972/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/we-moved-introducing-new-home-for.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/8495446150630785972'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/8495446150630785972'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/we-moved-introducing-new-home-for.html' title='We moved! Introducing the new home for the Google Webmaster Blogs'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-6276314857833467360</id><published>2020-11-11T08:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T08:11:12.731-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Goodbye Google Webmasters, hello Google Search Central</title><content type='html'><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7pdvQy9BY5RnNWJzSK-WMD80hU0x3-OhseNGbMTraxZzuZqOCdtniGz2jE0cOvy81mGHROBKO8Wo9CKj5hCISQ2xu89Kn1A1LEJS91tA5ts9gDccsqyZq3adYUCxrhkmMoY19kQL4zT8/s1400/GoogleSearchCentral_AnnouncementGraphics_Blog1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Googlebot reading a book with a new spider friend" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1400" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7pdvQy9BY5RnNWJzSK-WMD80hU0x3-OhseNGbMTraxZzuZqOCdtniGz2jE0cOvy81mGHROBKO8Wo9CKj5hCISQ2xu89Kn1A1LEJS91tA5ts9gDccsqyZq3adYUCxrhkmMoY19kQL4zT8/w640-h229/GoogleSearchCentral_AnnouncementGraphics_Blog1.png" width="640" /></a> <h2>The history behind Google Webmasters</h2> <p><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/webmaster">Merriam-Webster claims</a> the first known use of the word "webmaster" was in 1993, years before Google even existed. However, the term is becoming archaic, and according to the <a href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=26&amp;content=webmaster&amp;smoothing=3&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2019&amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwebmaster%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cwebmaster%3B%2Cc1">data found in books</a>, its use is in sharp decline. A user experience study we ran revealed that very few web professionals identify themselves as webmasters anymore. They're more likely to call themselves Search Engine Optimizer (SEO), online marketer, blogger, web developer, or site owner, but very few "webmasters". </p><h2>We're changing our name</h2> <p>In brainstorming our new name, we realized that there's not one term that perfectly summarizes the work people do on websites. To focus more on the topic that we talk about (Google Search), we're changing our name from "Google Webmasters Central" to "Google Search Central", both on our websites and on social media. Our goal is still the same; we aim to help people improve the visibility of their website on Google Search.The change will happen on most platforms in the next couple days. </p><h2>Centralizing help information to one site</h2> <p>To help people learn how to improve their website's visibility on Google Search, we're also consolidating our help documentation and blogs to one site. </p><p>Moving forward, the <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters">Search Console Help Center</a> will contain only documentation related to using Search Console. It's also still the home of our help forum, newly renamed from "Webmasters Help Community" to "<a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/community">Google Search Central Community</a>". The information related to how Google Search works, crawling and indexing, Search guidelines, and other Search-related topics are moving to <a href="https://developers.google.com/search">our new site</a>, which previously focused only on web developer documentation. The content move will happen over the next few days. </p><p>We will continue to create content for anyone who wants their websites to show up on Google Search, whether you're just getting started with SEO or you're an experienced web professional. </p><h2>Consolidating the blogs</h2> <p>The blog that you're reading right now is also moving to our main site. However, we will wait one week to allow subscribers to read this last post on the old platform. Moving this blog, including our other 13 localized blogs, to one place brings the following benefits: </p><ul> <li>More discovery of related content (help documentation, localized blogs, event information, on one site) </li><li>Easier to switch between languages (no longer have to find the localized blog URL) </li><li>Better platform allows us to maintain content, localize blog post more easily, and format posts consistently</li></ul> <p>Going forward, all archived and new blog posts will appear on <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/blog/">https://developers.google.com/search/blog</a>. You don't need to take any action in order to keep getting updates from us; we will redirect the current set of RSS and email subscribers to the new blog URL. </p><h2>Googlebot mascot gets a refresh</h2> <p>Our Googlebot mascot is also getting an upgrade. Googlebot's days of wandering the web solo come to a close as a new sidekick joins Googlebot in crawling the internet. </p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaxJVEZ0y9K0YwuzQvZRN3tuRF_5uZUsGyqXGaD5uik-BEfPkf7Xzndy7WxVGojvyrWUFdhlNv8iNIY7xVAr5lFwXTgSC7rGMfe1wMeWFrnwtNeGELn6uTJ27vjtWXcoFfk98mpt8gXNM/s1400/GoogleSearchCentral_AnnouncementGraphics_Blog2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Googlebot mascot gets a refresh" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1400" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaxJVEZ0y9K0YwuzQvZRN3tuRF_5uZUsGyqXGaD5uik-BEfPkf7Xzndy7WxVGojvyrWUFdhlNv8iNIY7xVAr5lFwXTgSC7rGMfe1wMeWFrnwtNeGELn6uTJ27vjtWXcoFfk98mpt8gXNM/w640-h228/GoogleSearchCentral_AnnouncementGraphics_Blog2.png" width="640" /></a><p>When we first met this curious critter, we wondered, "Is it really a spider?" After some observation, we noticed this spider bot hybrid can jump great distances and sees best when surrounded by green light. We think Googlebot's new best friend is a spider from the genus <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phidippus">Phidippus</a>, though it seems to also have bot-like characteristics. Googlebot's been trying out new nicknames for the little spider bot, but they haven't settled on anything yet. Maybe you can help?</p><p>As parting words, update your bookmarks and if you have any questions or comments, you can find us on <a href="https://twitter.com/googlesearchc">Twitter</a> and in our <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/community">Google Search Central Help Community</a>. </p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="https://twitter.com/LizziHarvey">Lizzi Harvey</a>, Technical Writer on the Google Search Central team</span></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/6276314857833467360/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/goodbye-google-webmasters-hello-google.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6276314857833467360'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6276314857833467360'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/goodbye-google-webmasters-hello-google.html' title='Goodbye Google Webmasters, hello Google Search Central'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7pdvQy9BY5RnNWJzSK-WMD80hU0x3-OhseNGbMTraxZzuZqOCdtniGz2jE0cOvy81mGHROBKO8Wo9CKj5hCISQ2xu89Kn1A1LEJS91tA5ts9gDccsqyZq3adYUCxrhkmMoY19kQL4zT8/s72-w640-h229-c/GoogleSearchCentral_AnnouncementGraphics_Blog1.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-2234353167677127590</id><published>2020-11-10T07:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T08:11:13.030-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Timing for bringing page experience to Google Search</title><content type='html'><p><a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2020/05/evaluating-page-experience.html">This past May</a>, we announced that <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/docs/guides/page-experience">page experience</a> signals would be included in Google Search ranking. These signals measure how users perceive the experience of interacting with a web page and contribute to our ongoing work to ensure people get the most helpful and enjoyable experiences from the web. In the past several months, we’ve seen a median 70% increase in the number of users engaging with Lighthouse and Page Speed Insights, and many site owners using Search Console’s Core Web Vitals report to identify opportunities for improvement. </p><p><br />Today we’re announcing that the page experience signals in ranking will roll out in May 2021. The new page experience signals combine Core Web Vitals with our existing search signals including <a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/02/finding-more-mobile-friendly-search.html">mobile-friendliness</a>, <a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/09/more-safe-browsing-help-for-webmasters.html">safe-browsing</a>, <a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/11/heres-to-more-https-on-web.html">HTTPS-security</a>, and <a href="https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/08/helping-users-easily-access-content-on.html">intrusive interstitial guidelines</a>. </p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8ErWIeJU9MWMdE7eyYLbcEvCv7fg9DgkBbXSr7NSQYx3XbRlEjcqLhsJ7l_GJ37elPq6mAnx_q9ArRVPYRDOLeQYcdtkaIuuQ46OYnPRNJTB3mRBzDsL2L9NWaw6mAvxgQIpgIIjmc4/s1600/Search_Page_Experience_Graphic.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A diagram illustrating the components of Search’s signal for page experience." border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8ErWIeJU9MWMdE7eyYLbcEvCv7fg9DgkBbXSr7NSQYx3XbRlEjcqLhsJ7l_GJ37elPq6mAnx_q9ArRVPYRDOLeQYcdtkaIuuQ46OYnPRNJTB3mRBzDsL2L9NWaw6mAvxgQIpgIIjmc4/s1600/Search_Page_Experience_Graphic.webp" title="" /></a> <p>The change for non-AMP content to become eligible to appear in the mobile Top Stories feature in Search will also roll out in May 2021. Any page that meets the <a href="https://support.google.com/news/publisher-center/answer/6204050">Google News content policies</a> will be eligible and we will prioritize pages with great page experience, whether implemented using AMP or any other web technology, as we rank the results. </p><p>In addition to the timing updates described above, we plan to test a visual indicator that highlights pages in search results that have great page experience. </p><h2>A New Way of Highlighting Great Experiences in Google Search</h2> <p>We believe that providing information about the quality of a web page’s experience can be helpful to users in choosing the search result that they want to visit. On results, the snippet or image preview helps provide topical context for users to know what information a page can provide. Visual indicators on the results are another way to do the same, and we are working on one that identifies pages that have met all of the page experience criteria. We plan to test this soon and if the testing is successful, it will launch in May 2021 and we’ll share more details on the progress of this in the coming months. </p><h2>The Tools Publishers Need for Improving Page Experience </h2> <p>To get ready for these changes, we have released a variety of tools that publishers can use to start improving their page experience. The first step is doing a site-wide audit of your pages to see where there is room for improvement. Search Console’s <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/9205520">report</a> for Core Web Vitals gives you an overview of how your site is doing and a deepdive into issues. Once you’ve identified opportunities, <a href="https://web.dev/vitals-tools/#pagespeed-insights">Page Speed Insights</a> and <a href="https://web.dev/vitals-tools/#lighthouse">Lighthouse</a> can help you as you iterate on fixing any issues that you’ve uncovered. Head over to <a href="https://web.dev/vitals-tools/">web.dev/vitals-tools</a> for a roundup of all the tools you need to get started. </p><p>Additionally, AMP is <a href="https://blog.amp.dev/2020/11/10/create-great-page-experiences-with-amp/">one of the easiest and cost-effective ways</a> for publishers looking to achieve great page experience outcomes. Based on the <a href="https://blog.amp.dev/2020/10/13/meet-amps-page-experience-guide/">analysis</a> that the AMP team has done, the majority of the AMP pages achieve great page experiences. If you’re an AMP publisher, check out the recently launched <a href="http://amp.dev/page-experience">AMP Page Experience Guide</a>, a diagnostic tool that provides developers with actionable advice. </p><p>We continue to support AMP content in Google Search. If you publish an AMP version of your content, Google Search will link to that cache-optimized AMP version to help optimize delivery to users, just as is the case today. </p><h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>At Google Search our mission is to help users find the most relevant and quality sites on the web. The goal with these updates is to highlight the best experiences and ensure that users can find the information they’re looking for. Our work is ongoing, which is why we plan to incorporate more page experience signals going forward and update them on a yearly basis. We hope that the <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/docs/guides/page-experience">tools and resources</a> we’ve provided make it easier for you to create great websites, and thereby build a web ecosystem that users love. </p><p>If you have questions or feedback, please visit our <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/community/">help forums</a> or let us know through <a href="https://twitter.com/googlewmc">Twitter</a>. </p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="http://twitter.com/jeffjose">Jeffrey Jose</a>, Product Manager on Search</span></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/2234353167677127590/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/timing-for-bringing-page-experience-to.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/2234353167677127590'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/2234353167677127590'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2020/11/timing-for-bringing-page-experience-to.html' title='Timing for bringing page experience to Google Search'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8ErWIeJU9MWMdE7eyYLbcEvCv7fg9DgkBbXSr7NSQYx3XbRlEjcqLhsJ7l_GJ37elPq6mAnx_q9ArRVPYRDOLeQYcdtkaIuuQ46OYnPRNJTB3mRBzDsL2L9NWaw6mAvxgQIpgIIjmc4/s72-c/Search_Page_Experience_Graphic.webp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-6159739967111662778</id><published>2015-08-24T06:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.831-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AIAG"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automobile"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AWS"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="guard rail"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="traffic barrier"/><title type='text'>Guardrails (Traffic Barriers)</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">There is an assemblage of standards for all kinds of automobiles, which have the ultimate goal of ensuring the safety of car passengers. Organizations that write these standards include the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3148&amp;Acro=AIAG&amp;DpName=American%20Industrial%20Hygiene%20Association&amp;source=blog">Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)</a> and the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3172&amp;Acro=SAE&amp;DpName=SAE%20International&amp;source=blog">Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)</a>. Standards for car emissions pursue this same objective for safety, since they are intended to reduce the amount of environmental damage, which protects not only the Earth but all of the living beings that exist together in a larger ecosphere, including humans. Even with the most updated standards for automobile safety, there will still be car accidents. Machinery will be prone to human error. With automobiles being the safest they can be, securing the roads should be the next step. Guardrails, or traffic barriers, on the sides of the roads and in other areas, can limit the area in which damage can occur.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitSWY0lu7ygko2okSxykzIVLpoKopRYSiLLkD4YrI1tF4K2HOxttkIikoY1PTojrkfUL4JqAJ3kt3YsVZMu2T4MAEwiRFDlaROnrg04V8d0yei-0-t9-KKIb-hcif0hST2lv6mgYHi5VvZ/s1600/iStock_000020231459_Small_919x522-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitSWY0lu7ygko2okSxykzIVLpoKopRYSiLLkD4YrI1tF4K2HOxttkIikoY1PTojrkfUL4JqAJ3kt3YsVZMu2T4MAEwiRFDlaROnrg04V8d0yei-0-t9-KKIb-hcif0hST2lv6mgYHi5VvZ/s400/iStock_000020231459_Small_919x522-72dpi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Guardrails need to be able to withstand the impact of automobiles of different sizes at varying speeds. Traffic barriers are defined by their function or stiffness, and their potential to hold back cars is dependent on these two qualities. One type of guardrail that is defined by its function is a median barrier. These are designed to prevent a vehicle from crossing into oncoming traffic and striking another vehicle head-on. This is incredibly important for highways, where drivers are moving at high speeds. These median barriers are generally made of cement, and are partially covered by the scope of <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+16039%3a2004&amp;source=blog">ISO 16039:2004: Road construction and maintenance equipment - Slipform pavers - Definitions and commercial specifications</a>. This standard deals with the creation and nomenclature of infrastructure crafted by slipform pavers. The slipform paver for the median barrier guardrail can create both the mold and the layers of concrete that are piled on top of it to make the structure.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Guardrails for traffic control are not just limited to the sides of the roads. Other than reducing damage in a car-car collision, guardrails can protect from damage to structures and property by automobiles and allow for safe pedestrian travel. These kinds of guardrails are placed outside of public places, such as industrial and commercial buildings.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Obviously railings are not unique to traffic barriers. Guardrails are very important for places where people are exposed to heights or other hazards. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ASTM+E2353-16&amp;source=blog">ASTM E2353-16: Standard Test Methods for Performance of Glazing in Permanent RailingSystems, Guards, and Balustrades</a> sets recommended guidelines for glazed railings and related systems. This standard is meant to test the retention of any glass or glazed material. Glass is used in different types of rail, guard, or balustrade assembles to increase the safety factor of those systems. However, if this glass becomes broken, then its intended safety is greatly overshadowed by new threats to public safety. The standard’s testing procedures help to prevent this by recommending methods to gain knowledge on the durability of the glazings.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Aside from these two examples, <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3142&amp;Acro=AWS&amp;DpName=American%20Welding%20Society&amp;source=blog">standards by the American Welding Society are applicable to many of the tasks performed to craft metal rails</a>. Guardrails of any kind can put anxieties of unknown danger at ease, whether you are driving down a highway or standing on an elevated balcony. While guardrails hopefully will not be needed, it is still important to be prepared for the worst possible scenario when safeguarding human life.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/6159739967111662778/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/guardrails-traffic-barriers.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6159739967111662778'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6159739967111662778'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/guardrails-traffic-barriers.html' title='Guardrails (Traffic Barriers)'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitSWY0lu7ygko2okSxykzIVLpoKopRYSiLLkD4YrI1tF4K2HOxttkIikoY1PTojrkfUL4JqAJ3kt3YsVZMu2T4MAEwiRFDlaROnrg04V8d0yei-0-t9-KKIb-hcif0hST2lv6mgYHi5VvZ/s72-c/iStock_000020231459_Small_919x522-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-7749869149692192765</id><published>2015-08-21T13:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.865-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ANSI A137.1:2012"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ASTM"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ceramic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="glazing"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tile"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tile Council of North America"/><title type='text'>Specifications for Ceramic Tile</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Ceramic is a material needed for the design of many different products and has been incredibly important throughout time, serving a variety of purposes. <a href="http://ceramics.org/learn-about-ceramics/history-of-ceramics">Ceramic materials have been used as early as 24,000 BC, predating agriculture by thousands of years</a>. These had entirely aesthetic purposes, being used for figurines, but were later used for stylish pottery that acted as water vessels. They were also fashioned into tiles throughout prehistory, much like they are today. The most recent major development in the lifetime of ceramics occurred in the second half of the Nineteenth Century, when ceramic materials were adapted for electrical insulation.<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEind9e7t620KiFeZZ4EAeW6_E2B9N7oFJsi8TLWxhEUlo_uIC6j-Dc-T4zXPowkTgQnlPT0fw9vzWOJ10fKWbkLOk_kwzLToGGPwm7NFFzQQjuVv49SNu0v3UQ-_thFzdNBcnthntqJnaHo/s1600/iStock_000006061595_Small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ANSI A137.2:2012 Specifications for Ceramic Tile" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEind9e7t620KiFeZZ4EAeW6_E2B9N7oFJsi8TLWxhEUlo_uIC6j-Dc-T4zXPowkTgQnlPT0fw9vzWOJ10fKWbkLOk_kwzLToGGPwm7NFFzQQjuVv49SNu0v3UQ-_thFzdNBcnthntqJnaHo/s1600/iStock_000006061595_Small.jpg" title="Ceramic Tile" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br />Ceramic tiles in buildings enhance the attractiveness of those buildings. They do not significantly insulate the heat of a building, but they can cover up anything visually unappealing that is improving the R-value of the structure, such as fiberglass. Even though they are often misconceived as being naturally waterproof, they do not actually bear this quality, requiring glazing to make them less porous. Despite the fact that these tiles might not be serving a practical structural purpose, it is still essential that they maintain the best quality so that they do not degrade or take away from the overall completeness of the walls where they are placed.<br /><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+A137.1%3a2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI A137.1:2012: American National Standards Specifications for Ceramic Tile</a> classifies different kinds of ceramic tiles by their shapes, sizes, and grades. &nbsp;It also indicates the proper way to assess the ability for the tiles to resist water after they are properly glazed. The standard defines a tile as “a ceramic surfacing unit, usually relatively thin in relation to facial area, having either a glazed or unglazed face and fired above red heat in the course of manufacture to a temperature sufficiently high to produce specific physical properties and characteristics”. It covers almost provides information related to understanding ceramic tile for manufacturers, retailers, and even consumers.<br /><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+A137.1%3a2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI A137.1:2012</a> was published by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3001&amp;source=blog">Tile Council of North America (TCNA)</a>, an ANSI-accredited nonprofit that develops standards for the tile industry. It has several other standards relating to ceramic and glass tiles. These include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+A137.2%3a2013&amp;source=blog">ANSI A137.2:2013: American National Standard Specifications for Glass Tile</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+A138.1%3a2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI A138.1:2012: Green Squared American National Standard Specifications for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%20A108%2FA118%2FA136.1:2017&amp;source=blog">ANSIA108/A118/A136.1:2017: American National Specifications for the Installation of Ceramic Tile - Version 2017.3</a></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">There are many other standards that contribute guidelines for the quality, safe use, and proper care of ceramic materials. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=1510&amp;Acro=ASTM&amp;DpName=ASTM%20International:%20%20Ceramics%20&amp;%20Advanced%20Materials&amp;source=blog">ASTM International</a> has published over 300 standards intended to assess the condition of ceramic materials before they are used in a product.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/7749869149692192765/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/specifications-for-ceramic-tile.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7749869149692192765'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7749869149692192765'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/specifications-for-ceramic-tile.html' title='Specifications for Ceramic Tile'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEind9e7t620KiFeZZ4EAeW6_E2B9N7oFJsi8TLWxhEUlo_uIC6j-Dc-T4zXPowkTgQnlPT0fw9vzWOJ10fKWbkLOk_kwzLToGGPwm7NFFzQQjuVv49SNu0v3UQ-_thFzdNBcnthntqJnaHo/s72-c/iStock_000006061595_Small.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-4946717106159340875</id><published>2015-08-21T12:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.883-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Australian"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="automobile"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="construction"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="traffic control"/><title type='text'>Traffic Control for Work on Roads</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">In a prior post about <a href="http://ansidotorg.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansiasse-a108-2011-scaffolding-safety.html">ANSI/ASSE 810.8-2011: Scaffolding Safety Requirements</a>, we discussed a standard that is intended to protect both construction workers and pedestrians passing by structures as they are being built or remodeled. The main danger posed from this is that the buildings, while once complete, are being partially destroyed so that they can be enhanced in the future. This occurs with many kinds of construction and remodeling, and it exposes individuals to threats that they would regularly be buffered from. This is not unique to building construction.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Roadwork, much like maintenance on buildings, requires destruction of the material being worked, which can be either partially destroyed or in perfect condition prior to rebuilding. The intention with this deconstruction is to provide something that can enhance the future performance of the road, or to improve on something that is obstructed by the road but has no direct relation with it. For example, a recent storm could have damaged the pavement of the road and it needs to be filled in to reduce damage to car tires. There could also be gas pipes that can only be accessed through the road, which would require a perfectly fine road to be damaged and rebuilt. No matter how it is done, there will need to be a work zone. Traffic control work zones are covered in the Australian standard <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.3-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.3-2009: Manual of uniform traffic control devices - Traffic control for work on roads</a>.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8ICtsO_uP3IYdXvCdC0cvsWesdeFFoLDBQKwsisol14W0zED9QDAbhLRcdLhdQlKw64pJtLIy0r1HFH2u21I4UAL7IjoCe1Tz3qt8FzKFBw2AmUI0Xv6Z05T9B3szQv9H4Vz0xE7bhDm/s1600/iStock_000010527910_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8ICtsO_uP3IYdXvCdC0cvsWesdeFFoLDBQKwsisol14W0zED9QDAbhLRcdLhdQlKw64pJtLIy0r1HFH2u21I4UAL7IjoCe1Tz3qt8FzKFBw2AmUI0Xv6Z05T9B3szQv9H4Vz0xE7bhDm/s320/iStock_000010527910_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">Roadwork can lead to heavy traffic, especially on major roads. Roads are traditionally designed to achieve the most efficient traffic flow. This explains the traditional placement of stoplights and signs. <a href="http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/resources/publications/fhwahop12005/sec2.htm">Traffic delays can cause economic impact if this system is disturbed</a>. Management of work zones can help to maintain some semblance of the proper movement of traffic. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.3-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.3-2009</a> establishes a set of guidelines that provide safety for drivers and construction workers, while taking into consideration the proper labeling of bike paths and walkways.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">One of the primary differences between work on a building and work on a road is that the road often cannot be easily avoided. Sites containing scaffolding can be entirely separated from people, or pedestrians can walk through another road to reach their destination. On a road, sometimes the only other route involves traveling to extreme lengths. Creating easy accessibility for driving through work sites is one way to manage this unavoidable burden. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.3-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.3-2009</a> addresses this by recommending a competent person, who has been properly trained, to draft a traffic plan and install all signs and devices necessary to guide this procedure. Different scenarios in which this method can be executed are detailed in the standard.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Aside from traffic, provisions should be made for pedestrians, bicyclists, school children, and emergency vehicles. While these should minimize traffic and not limit public transport in any way, they need to retain regular safety conditions for all people. For safety of the workers, the standard recommends placing a barrier between them and oncoming traffic. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.3-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.3-2009</a> is part of the Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Other standards in this include: <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.1%3a2014&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.1: General introduction and index of signs</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.2-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.2: Traffic control devices for general use</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.4-2008&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.4: Speed controls</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.5%3a2017&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.5: Street name and community facility name signs</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.6%3a2014&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.6: Service and tourist signs for motorists</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.7%3a2016&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.7: Railway crossings</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">AS 1742.8: Freeways<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.9-2000&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.9: Bicycle facilities</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.10-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.10: Pedestrian control and protection</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.11%3a2016&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.11: Parking controls</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.12%3a2017&amp;source=blog">AS1742.12: Bus, transit and truck lanes</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.13-2009&amp;source=blog">AS 1742.13: Local area traffic management</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.14%3a2014&amp;source=blog"><span style="font-family: &quot;times&quot; , &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;">AS 1742.14: Traffic signals</span></a><o:p></o:p></div><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AS+1742.15-2007&amp;source=blog"><span style="font-family: &quot;times&quot; , &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;">AS 1742.15: Direction signs, information signs and route numbering</span></a></span></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/4946717106159340875/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/traffic-control-for-work-on-roads.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4946717106159340875'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4946717106159340875'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/traffic-control-for-work-on-roads.html' title='Traffic Control for Work on Roads'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8ICtsO_uP3IYdXvCdC0cvsWesdeFFoLDBQKwsisol14W0zED9QDAbhLRcdLhdQlKw64pJtLIy0r1HFH2u21I4UAL7IjoCe1Tz3qt8FzKFBw2AmUI0Xv6Z05T9B3szQv9H4Vz0xE7bhDm/s72-c/iStock_000010527910_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-7780523773319495886</id><published>2015-08-21T12:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.898-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hydropower"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IEC/TS"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Moon"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renewable energy"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tide"/><title type='text'>Tidal Power</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY45lHqGCpuoNieTmT2fi7hwPkg3UAnNj6ui9YsMcophq7nRGjv8l8TyelyqeB0dNI90i_coO0vdOsLF7irUsgCPlwP-LQRj0oj9XbRLAVcGDU7Z152q3EVH3TA4NQau11Ak4lIVYYctgg/s1600/iStock_000003356549_Small_766x627-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY45lHqGCpuoNieTmT2fi7hwPkg3UAnNj6ui9YsMcophq7nRGjv8l8TyelyqeB0dNI90i_coO0vdOsLF7irUsgCPlwP-LQRj0oj9XbRLAVcGDU7Z152q3EVH3TA4NQau11Ak4lIVYYctgg/s320/iStock_000003356549_Small_766x627-72dpi.jpg" width="320" /></a>Most forms of renewable energy are far more connected to each other than they seem. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Because of this, the different renewables available for harvest derive from similar sources. For example, take wind and solar power. One absorbs photons emitted to the Earth from the Sun, while the other generates electricity by having flowing gases spin a turbine. However, wind on a global scale is formed directly from the Sun. <a href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/wind/what-causes-wind">The Sun’s rays reach the poles of the Earth on a much more slanted angle than the equatorial regions, causing a pressure gradient between the hot equator and cold poles</a>. The heated air rises at the equator and sinks at the poles, and the pressure creates global wind circulation. Another form of energy, which is not quite as popular, is tidal power. <a href="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides02_cause.html">Tides are generated by the gravitational relationship between the Earth, Moon, and Sun</a>, thus giving tidal energy a similar source to solar and wind power.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Generating electricity from waves can be a difficult process. All forms of hydropower take advantage of the kinetic energy that comes from falling water. Tidal power is a form of this, drawing energy from the rising and sinking of the Earth’s tides. It is the only form of power generation that harnesses energy from the Earth-Moon gravitational forces. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC%2fTS+62600-200+Ed.+1.0+en%3a2013&amp;source=blog">IEC/TS 62600-200 ED. 1.0 EN:2013: Marine energy Wave tidal and other water current converters Part 200 Electricity producing tidal energy converters Power performance assessment</a> provides recommendations for evaluating the power performance of an electricity-producing tidal energy system. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/tidal-energy/">There are three forms of tidal energy generators: tidal streams, tidal barriers, and tidal lagoons</a>. Tidal streams generate energy from a fast-flowing body of water formed by tides, and tidal barriers use a barrage dam that creates a pool during high tides, which it then releases through a turbine as the tide lowers. Tidal lagoons are very rare and draw energy from tides changing in a lagoon. The standard provides an understanding of the energy output of the turbines in these different types of tidal power generation. It details guidelines needed to properly use tidal energy converters (TECs) to generate electricity by tides for implementation in the grid. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tidal power is far more predictable than energy generated by solar and wind, but it has its limitations. One significant drawback is its environmental impact. Renewable forms of energy are ideal to use because they often do not release greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. <a href="http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/hydro.html">Tidal power and other forms of hydropower do not burn fuel to generate electricity but can release the more-potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere if the vegetation growing near any dam is disturbed</a>. Building of dams and other infrastructure needed for hydropower generation can cause marine habitat destruction. Occupying space in bodies of water can also take away from other potential uses of that area, such as designation of fishing zones or marine-protected areas. This will require management of the installation of hydro- and tidal turbines if they are vastly implemented as a source of electricity.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tidal power, while not widely used today, has great potential for future use. There is a large amount of energy that is constantly being brought to the Earth. These forms of natural energy, coming from sunlight, wind, tides, and waves, are all connected and, if properly taken advantage of, can provide society with a continuous stream of clean energy.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Other forms of hydropower electricity generation are covered in the standard <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC%2fTS+62600-100+Ed.+1.0+en%3a2012&amp;source=blog">IEC/TS 62600-100 ED. 1.0 EN:2012: Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 100: Electricity producing wave energy converters - Power performance assessment</a>.</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/7780523773319495886/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/tidal-power.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7780523773319495886'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7780523773319495886'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/tidal-power.html' title='Tidal Power'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY45lHqGCpuoNieTmT2fi7hwPkg3UAnNj6ui9YsMcophq7nRGjv8l8TyelyqeB0dNI90i_coO0vdOsLF7irUsgCPlwP-LQRj0oj9XbRLAVcGDU7Z152q3EVH3TA4NQau11Ak4lIVYYctgg/s72-c/iStock_000003356549_Small_766x627-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-4920479785679587188</id><published>2015-08-13T13:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.912-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ergonomics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hardware"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Human Factors Ergonomics Society"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="interface"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="workplace safety standards"/><title type='text'>Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVyklOz0JPOpnNr_54pAdypB6LhFInUkQ5H04eRjA-3PWdvluoJ6eNvbuP42b0EOxS4uSKKfDtoVxqxoiN9-gLvSqDf8ge4sv4LvTvWd2MA_NMlud9a5YXACf89gPZUUQ88uisBzOkBpt/s1600/iStock_000065928143_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVyklOz0JPOpnNr_54pAdypB6LhFInUkQ5H04eRjA-3PWdvluoJ6eNvbuP42b0EOxS4uSKKfDtoVxqxoiN9-gLvSqDf8ge4sv4LvTvWd2MA_NMlud9a5YXACf89gPZUUQ88uisBzOkBpt/s320/iStock_000065928143_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" width="320" /></a>There are several major differences that exist between the workplace of today and that of the past. A significant contrast between these two environments is the technology. The utilization of computers has completely changed the necessary process of many tasks, greatly increasing efficiency and productivity. It can be a challenge to successfully design computer workstations that are comfortable and intuitive for human interaction. There is a possibility for confusion with the hardware and physical harm from continuous stresses if computing devices are not designed with human factors in mind. For this issue, there exists <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fHFES+100-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI/HFES 100-2007: Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations</a>, covering operator-machine interface issues in professional computer workstations.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">All people have different abilities and limitations, which can make computer interaction somewhat difficult at times. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fHFES+100-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI/HFES 100-2007</a> identifies that computer workstation components together should be able to “apprehend the manner or method of using the device”. It standardizes computer workstations in an office setting, restricted to non-portable environments. This standard meets the challenges that arise when a diverse group of people must interact with the same thing. It is meant to facilitate perception, understanding, and operation of any part of the user interface. Its guidelines are set so that they do not limit any unforeseen methods uniquely imagined by the operator that he or she might use to interact with his or her computer workstations. Computers have changed the world, making almost everything more efficient. It is important that most people can use them to their maximum potential.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The focus of <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fHFES+100-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI/HFES 100-2007</a> is not just limited to the computer itself, but includes the ergonomics of several hardware components that work as user interfaces, such as input devices, output devices, and furniture. Although operating a computer allows a worker to complete all tasks related to a job, there can be some issues related to being planted at a computer workstation all day. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/national/the-health-hazards-of-sitting/750/">While it is natural to sit, it is not entirely safe to do so all day long, since it can lead to health problems such as a bad back, strained neck, muscle degeneration, and even heart disease</a>. The standard provides minimum guidelines for furniture to be used in workstations so that it does not harm the worker. While promoting comfort to preserve health, the standard also provides guidelines to enhance the performance of the operator. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/proof-standing-desks-you-more-productive-2013-9">Business Insider believes standing while working to be the most productive method for office performance</a>. Whether or not this is true can be determined by the user. However, the standard does allow for different methods, covering the proper execution of all work reference points, including reclined sitting, upright sitting, declined sitting, and standing.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Comfort is not just limited to the furniture. The computer keyboard and monitor should be placed at appropriate distances from the worker to prevent damage of his or her eyes and hands, while meeting successful ergonomic recommendations. The standard establishes proper guidelines for placement of the input and output devices on the primary, secondary, and tertiary work zones. All measurements mentioned in the standard are derived from anthropometric data.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fHFES+100-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI/HFES 100-2007</a> is a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3164&amp;Acro=HFES&amp;DpName=DpName=Human%20Factors%20and%20Ergonomics%20Society&amp;source=blog">Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)</a>, a standards developer detailing the ergonomic design of systems with which humans interact. HFES has also published <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fHFES+200-2008&amp;source=blog">ANSI/HFES 200-2008: Human Factors Engineering of Software User Interfaces</a>, which provides design recommendations to increase the ease of use of software. Both of these standards allow for proper use of modern technology to increase efficiency and productivity in a workplace setting.</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/4920479785679587188/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/human-factors-engineering-of-computer.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4920479785679587188'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4920479785679587188'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/human-factors-engineering-of-computer.html' title='Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVyklOz0JPOpnNr_54pAdypB6LhFInUkQ5H04eRjA-3PWdvluoJ6eNvbuP42b0EOxS4uSKKfDtoVxqxoiN9-gLvSqDf8ge4sv4LvTvWd2MA_NMlud9a5YXACf89gPZUUQ88uisBzOkBpt/s72-c/iStock_000065928143_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-4497598580887565530</id><published>2015-08-12T13:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.927-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="climate change"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environmental Management"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ISO 14000"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="standards package"/><title type='text'>ISO 14000 Collection 2: Comprehensive Environmental Management Systems Collection</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://ansidotorg.blogspot.com/2015/07/guide-for-addressing-environmental.html#axzz3i37wPwN8&amp;source=blog">In a recent post, we discussed ISO GUIDE 64:2008, a guide for addressing environmental issues while drafting product standards</a>. Standardization can help to increase efficiency of products and services while protecting the people that interact with them. They are also needed to protect nature. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+GUIDE+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64</a> is a part of standards package, <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14000+Collection+2&amp;source=blog">ISO 14000 COLLECTION 2: Comprehensive Environmental Management Systems Collection</a>, which measures and mitigates environmental impact whenever possible.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Lack of environmental management is not a byproduct of the modern world; it has just simply become worse in our lifetimes. Humans have almost always altered the environment in some way. Environmental destruction in recent history has been much worse than it ever was previously because of our large and rapidly increasing population, surviving longer than ever from improvements in medicine. Having more people increases our usage of any resources, which has led to advances in the tools to access those resources, expediting the process.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLabn0iAtrczUZLcOfAP78O_S8u3-jH29sCJSsKGwwjarSqX9ZAk1pyQPO8MpQaWWh2ugIK4fuM1jC6LLvxJ3Zsnka9t-rcrp31WcJIWFuLNg0DPUF-BLe28SYl0XpSSRLKvAiPXk1PuW4/s1600/iStock_000070876405_Small_846x567-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLabn0iAtrczUZLcOfAP78O_S8u3-jH29sCJSsKGwwjarSqX9ZAk1pyQPO8MpQaWWh2ugIK4fuM1jC6LLvxJ3Zsnka9t-rcrp31WcJIWFuLNg0DPUF-BLe28SYl0XpSSRLKvAiPXk1PuW4/s320/iStock_000070876405_Small_846x567-72dpi.jpg" width="320" /></a>The original form of environmental degradation, which is still a problem today, is overexploitation. <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7588857.stm">According to an article by BBC News, researchers have discovered one species of giant clam that once accounted for the majority of the bivalve population in the Red Sea. The scientists believe their findings may represent one of the earliest examples of the overexploitation of marine organisms by humans.</a> The technology to hunt and harvest has almost always been used to extreme amounts. <a href="http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/photos/13-animals-hunted-to-extinction/stellars-sea-cow">Animals like the sea cow have completely gone extinct from unsustainable procurement methods</a>. Overexploitation is just as important for non-living resources. This includes wood, oil, and natural gas. These are either used as materials for the construction of products, or they are used to create and operate products and services. Greater use of these products will obviously lead to greater use of the resources. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+GUIDE+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008</a> and other standards in this collection encourage usage of sustainable materials and techniques. It is important to prevent overexploitation of resources, because everything in nature is connected. For example, overexploitation of trees to generate wood products would lower the amount of oxygen in the air and remove food sources of herbivorous animals. These animals are depended upon as the source of food by their predators. If they become malnourished from lack of vegetation, all other animals will suffer.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Another important consideration is pollution. Pollution can come in many different forms. Regardless of the substance that pollutes and the area being polluted, there is generally still an impact on the ecosphere. For example, <a href="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nutpollution.html">pouring fertilizer into the ocean can crowd the ocean with an excess of nutrients, causing unwanted algal blooms</a>. This blocks light that is needed for primary producers, like seagrasses, to grow. As with overexploitation, by damaging the bottom of the food chain, this can ruin the entire ecosystem. <a href="http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/named/msbasin/hypoxia101.cfm">Overgrowth of algae can also lead to hypoxia, which lowers the amount of oxygen in the ocean, killing nearby marine life and leading to “dead zones”</a>. A vastly different kind of pollution is noise pollution. This can occur from airplanes in certain airspace, altering the migratory pattern of birds. Since birds are often higher predators, this can alter the ecosystems that contain their prey. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14001%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO 14001:2015: Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use</a> provides guidelines that support an environmental management system in which pollution is limited.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">One of the most prevalent forms of pollution is emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change (formerly global warming). <a href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/greenhousegases/properties.html">A greenhouse gas is any molecule that has vibrating dipole ends, meaning that it absorbs heat and then shoots it in a random direction. All three-atom or higher molecules meet this criterion.</a> This includes gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These molecules trap in the heat that comes from the sun and the energy that rises from the Earth’s core. However, by burning materials that release carbon in the atmosphere, such as coal, we have been increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the air in the past 100 years. This heats the Earth, but it also alters weather patterns, hence the change from “global warming” to “climate change”. This can lead to pure environmental problems, such as species extinction and habitat loss, but it can also cause problems that primarily impact humans. For example, in areas where water is scarce, a hotter climate would evaporate a lot of the water availability. This can lead to local conflicts, including war for the remnants of the resource. Climate change is addressed in most of the standards in the collection, but specifically in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14064-1%3a2006&amp;source=blog">ISO 14064-1:2006: Greenhouse gases - Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals</a>, <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14064-2%3a2006&amp;source=blog">ISO 14064-2:2006: Greenhouse gases - Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements</a>, <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14064-3%3a2006&amp;source=blog">ISO 14064-3:2006: Greenhouse gases - Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions</a>, and <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14065%3a2013&amp;source=blog">ISO 14065:2013: Greenhouse gases - Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition</a>.</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14000+Collection+2&amp;source=blog">ISO 14000 COLLECTION 2</a> contains 20 standards that address the wide range of issues that involve environmental management. The featured standards in the collection limit the amount of environmental degradation that can harm the Earth now and in the future.<o:p></o:p><br /><br />Also available is the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14001+%2f+ISO+14004+%2f+ISO+19011+%2f+ISO+14050+-+Environmental+Management+Package&amp;source=blog">ISO Environmental Management Package</a>, which is a miniature version of the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14000+Collection+2&amp;source=blog">ISO 14000 COLLECTION 2</a>. The <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14001+%2f+ISO+14004+%2f+ISO+19011+%2f+ISO+14050+-+Environmental+Management+Package&amp;source=blog">ISO Environmental Management Package</a> includes the following standards:<br /><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14001%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO 14001:2015: Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use</a><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14004%3a2016&amp;source=blog">ISO 14004:2016: Environmental management systems - General guidelines on implementation</a><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+14050%3a2009&amp;source=blog">ISO 14050:2009: Environmental management - Vocabulary</a><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+19011%3a2011&amp;source=blog">ISO 19011:2011: Guidelines for auditing management systems</a></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/4497598580887565530/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/iso-14000-collection-2-comprehensive.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4497598580887565530'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/4497598580887565530'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/iso-14000-collection-2-comprehensive.html' title='ISO 14000 Collection 2: Comprehensive Environmental Management Systems Collection'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLabn0iAtrczUZLcOfAP78O_S8u3-jH29sCJSsKGwwjarSqX9ZAk1pyQPO8MpQaWWh2ugIK4fuM1jC6LLvxJ3Zsnka9t-rcrp31WcJIWFuLNg0DPUF-BLe28SYl0XpSSRLKvAiPXk1PuW4/s72-c/iStock_000070876405_Small_846x567-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-3765125590427984162</id><published>2015-08-11T13:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.942-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electrode"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fluoride"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ISO"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nernst equation"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="teeth"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="water quality"/><title type='text'>Determining Fluoride Content for Water Quality</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Water in its pure state does not conduct electricity. It almost always does, however, because of the many conductor elements and molecules that exist as solutes in the liquid. In any source of water throughout the world there are a variety of ions, coming from nearby geologic features. Drinking water contains some of these ions as well. They are often added to the water supply for improved quality, ensuring the health of the public. A compound found in some natural water and public drinking sources is fluoride. Since this is naturally toxic to consume above a certain amount, it is necessary that it can be measured and monitored. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+10359-1%3a1992&amp;source=blog">ISO 10359-1:1992: Water quality - Determination of fluoride - Part 1: Electrochemical probe method for potable and lightly polluted water</a>provides a technique for measuring fluoride content in potable and surface waters.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The main advantage of low-level fluoride intake is prevention of cavities in the teeth. <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/2012stats.htm">This is why it is placed in the water supply in several different countries, being found in 74.6% of the drinking water in the United States</a>. The standard allows for measurement of an amount of water that can have dental benefits by setting the minimum measurement of fluoride in the water at 0.2 mg/L, which is low enough to detect the amount generally placed in the water supply for safe consumption, 0.4 mg/L. Despite the fact that low – level exposure to fluoride can help protect teeth, a slightly greater amount can cause the teeth to form brown spots and noticeable pits. <a href="http://www.webmd.com/children/fluorosis-symptoms-causes-treatments">This is a cosmetic condition known as dental fluorosis</a>. It often occurs from the improper use of dental products, such as toothpaste or mouthwash, and would not necessarily be an issue with water quality.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWTK3TMbNQQdhGMr4ceLG54Oo6wk0e_Wac7y44dlPtYDCHAoWZb5-bsErDt991b-bmZiSaFNQtgFzT2FVk0ddvi4Af5papoWlabqsYLhCLrgX0gigrJswN3ofGlQMHWB7T6BkJTtYaJNFE/s1600/iStock_000058894516_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fluoride Content Water Quality" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWTK3TMbNQQdhGMr4ceLG54Oo6wk0e_Wac7y44dlPtYDCHAoWZb5-bsErDt991b-bmZiSaFNQtgFzT2FVk0ddvi4Af5papoWlabqsYLhCLrgX0gigrJswN3ofGlQMHWB7T6BkJTtYaJNFE/s320/iStock_000058894516_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" title="Water" width="212" /></a>Fluorosis can also be much more extreme, affecting the body. Skeletal fluorosis comes from chronic high-level exposure to fluoride. This is very uncommon and causes calcification of bone joints and ligaments, which can lead to disfigurement and even death. However, it is more common for people to have chronic moderate-level exposure to fluoride. Symptoms of this include abdominal pain and nausea. &nbsp;This is derived from pollution of the water supply, along with exposure to fluoride through other means, such as food. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+10359-1%3a1992&amp;source=blog">ISO 10359-1:1992</a> monitors the potential for fluorosis by measuring up to 2 g/L in the water. The possibility for moderate-level exposure can be understood through this, since it begins to occur at amounts higher than 1.5 mg/L.</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+10359-1%3a1992&amp;source=blog">ISO 10359-1:1992</a> recommends measuring fluoride in water by introducing a fluoride ion-selective electrode into the liquid. This should be performed in a 100 mL propylene jar. It is ideal that all test aliquots are buffered to a pH between 5 and 7 to prevent acidic conditions that can lead to the formation of hydrogen fluoride, which reduces the measured fluoride concentration. According to the standard, the principle behind the electrode test is that “when a fluoride ion-selective electrode comes into contact with an aqueous solution containing fluoride ions, a potential difference develops between the measuring electrode and the reference electrode”. This amount can be calculated using the Nernst equation to understand the concentration of fluoride in the tested water. Instructions for carrying out the test and its calculations are in the standard.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/3765125590427984162/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/determining-fluoride-content-for-water.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3765125590427984162'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3765125590427984162'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/determining-fluoride-content-for-water.html' title='Determining Fluoride Content for Water Quality'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWTK3TMbNQQdhGMr4ceLG54Oo6wk0e_Wac7y44dlPtYDCHAoWZb5-bsErDt991b-bmZiSaFNQtgFzT2FVk0ddvi4Af5papoWlabqsYLhCLrgX0gigrJswN3ofGlQMHWB7T6BkJTtYaJNFE/s72-c/iStock_000058894516_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-1826316182300043937</id><published>2015-08-10T12:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.958-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="arc welding"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AWS"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="rail"/><title type='text'>Welding of Rails for Rail Vehicles</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Newer infrastructure has greatly advanced rail vehicles. Today, there are automobiles that can operate on and off railroad tracks. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-10-fastest-trains-in-the-world-2012-11?op=1">The fastest train in the world, the CRH380A, can reach a top speed of 302 miles per hour</a>. Rail vehicles are a unique travel luxury, since they allow passengers to have the security of being on the ground without any of the hassle that comes with traffic and constant operation. While there generally is an individual guiding these vehicles, the majority of this security is provided by the proper craftsmanship of the materials that let the rail vehicles operate. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AWS+D15.2%3a2013&amp;source=blog">AWS D15.2:2013: Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles</a> establishes guidelines needed to properly weld these rails so that the vehicles operate properly.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovW4oMrhPpSyNflQIZdRYD3dgKGIImn22h5Sp2CaH1P8Xx_sURoCCUiVnpOiM4_nEane4M9a_SX0avGXVhn8iuV3oMnq0xH6XoxHEsLLT3xmz2Ord9QAFNvrPWUusM2_WawydgHNTBZU1/s1600/iStock_000048940162_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovW4oMrhPpSyNflQIZdRYD3dgKGIImn22h5Sp2CaH1P8Xx_sURoCCUiVnpOiM4_nEane4M9a_SX0avGXVhn8iuV3oMnq0xH6XoxHEsLLT3xmz2Ord9QAFNvrPWUusM2_WawydgHNTBZU1/s320/iStock_000048940162_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">The scope of <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AWS+D15.2%3a2013&amp;source=blog">AWS D15.2:2013</a> includes not just the welding of railroad rails, but also crane rails, electrical contact rails, girder rails, guard rails and retarder rails. The standard addresses the processes of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW), flash welding (FW), and thermite welding (TW) that are used to join two rails together. Following construction, the rails should be tested to see if they can support the weight of the vehicles intended for use on them.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Securing the high quality of the rails as they are initially welded is not the only measure that needs to be taken to ensure efficiency and safety. Over time, these rails are due to break down from natural degradation and other factors contributing to damage. The standard advises that rails be inspected visually to determine repairability in accordance with the rail owner’s policy. It is incredibly important to identify the material that comprises a rail to select the correct welding process. For example, a standard carbon metal rail, which has a minimum hardness of 248 BHN (Brinell Hardness Number), would require an arc welding process, either SMAW, GMAW, or FCAW. For any of these to be successful, the rail must be cleaned of any grease or dirt, since this can adversely affect weld quality. An arc weld should be done in a typical chevron pattern. Instructions for this, along with all other welding processes for rails, are described in detail in the standard.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Following any repair on the rail tracks, <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AWS+D15.2%3a2013&amp;source=blog">AWS D15.2:2013</a> recommends a finish that is smooth and uniform, so that the repairs blend in with the rail to make it appear similar to its original state. All of these rails must have some positive aesthetic qualities, since they can be viewed by people in the vehicles or in the distance. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AWS+D15.2%3a2013&amp;source=blog">AWS D15.2:2013</a> is a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3142&amp;Acro=AWS&amp;DpName=American%20Welding%20Society&amp;source=blog">American Welding Society (AWS)</a>. It does not address safety for the welders working on the rails. This is covered in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z49.1%3a2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z49.1:2012: Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes</a>.</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/1826316182300043937/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/welding-of-rails-for-rail-vehicles.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1826316182300043937'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1826316182300043937'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/welding-of-rails-for-rail-vehicles.html' title='Welding of Rails for Rail Vehicles'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovW4oMrhPpSyNflQIZdRYD3dgKGIImn22h5Sp2CaH1P8Xx_sURoCCUiVnpOiM4_nEane4M9a_SX0avGXVhn8iuV3oMnq0xH6XoxHEsLLT3xmz2Ord9QAFNvrPWUusM2_WawydgHNTBZU1/s72-c/iStock_000048940162_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-6565308261720477076</id><published>2015-08-10T08:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:39.991-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Amusement machine"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IEC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="machine safety"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="moisture control"/><title type='text'>Requirements for Amusement Machines and Personal Service Machines</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Our last post focused on a standard for <a href="http://ansidotorg.blogspot.com/2015/08/gesture-based-interfaces.html">gesture-based user interfaces</a>, which are common in the wide selection of information and communications technology (ICT) devices that are available today. In a time when access to so much is readily available, people have a great attachment to the electronic devices that did not exist in the recent past. This has been viewed as a negative thing, having the assumption that people never go outside and are becoming simple and strange recluses who cannot function in the world. However, this accusation is not grounded in reality. Technology has changed the way we live, but it is neither good nor bad. As for home amusement, advanced technology is something that can only enhance a user’s experience. With all these appliances, however, there should be concern placed on the threat of human misuse. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC+60335-2-82+Ed.+2.2+b%3a2015&amp;source=blog">IEC 60335-2-82 ED. 2.2 B:2015: Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-82: Particular requirements for amusement machines and personal service machines</a> recommends guidelines for the construction and design of these home entertainment appliances to ensure that they are safe for their intended purposes.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsdYAPi-OjDnKAC8vv2-cqj_htcMmYhMGDAgijOp6B4IgPVESyGK51rnVw7nAX-0gOA5l3Ar0FQDnocqgg4PkdTZIw23NmkfY6NXMzUySaS1yyFKx4uLf5l7gJCCi0k246TAWC7knKovGE/s1600/iStock_000003758826_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsdYAPi-OjDnKAC8vv2-cqj_htcMmYhMGDAgijOp6B4IgPVESyGK51rnVw7nAX-0gOA5l3Ar0FQDnocqgg4PkdTZIw23NmkfY6NXMzUySaS1yyFKx4uLf5l7gJCCi0k246TAWC7knKovGE/s400/iStock_000003758826_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" width="400" /></a><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC+60335-2-82+Ed.+2.2+b%3a2015&amp;source=blog">IEC 60335-2-82 ED. 2.1 B:2015</a> includes some devices that use ICT software, but it is not limited to that technology. It also includes different home amusement devices, including billiard tables, bowling machines, electronic dartboards, driving simulators, kiddie rides, pinball machines, and laser shooting applications. Similar electric appliances that are covered by the standard are personal service machines, which include currency dispensers, luggage lockers, weighing machines, and shoe-shining appliances. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">A major concern with the safety of amusement and personal service machines is their voltage. The standard recommends that the rated voltage of these appliances does not exceed 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances. During initial construction, the appliances should be properly labeled by their voltage. Water can also be a threat to the proper care of these machines. To test this, appliances with accessible openings less than 2 meters from the ground, such as slots for coins and cards, should have a saline solution rapidly poured into them during initial design. This substance should also be tested on parts liable to be cleaned with a sponge at some point in the product’s lifetime. Appliances that have specific uses for water should have directions for them in their instructions. The standard calls for maintenance operations involving the use of liquids to be performed three times to ensure that everything runs smoothly. Full moisture control methods are laid out in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC+60335-2-82+Ed.+2.2+b%3a2015&amp;source=blog">IEC 60335-2-82 ED. 2.1 B:2015</a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Amusement appliances provide great forms of entertainment in the home and in other locations. Securing the safety of the people who choose to enjoy them is certainly important to maintain their use.</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEC+60335-2-82+Ed.+2.2+b%3a2015&amp;source=blog">IEC 60335-2-82 ED. 2.1 B:2015</a> is the most recent revision of IEC 60335-2-82, a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/SdoInfo.aspx?sdoid=40&amp;source=blog">International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)</a> that has been updated several times in the past fifteen years. The IEC has many other standards dedicated to the safe use of electronics.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/6565308261720477076/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/requirements-for-amusement-machines-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6565308261720477076'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6565308261720477076'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/requirements-for-amusement-machines-and.html' title='Requirements for Amusement Machines and Personal Service Machines'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsdYAPi-OjDnKAC8vv2-cqj_htcMmYhMGDAgijOp6B4IgPVESyGK51rnVw7nAX-0gOA5l3Ar0FQDnocqgg4PkdTZIw23NmkfY6NXMzUySaS1yyFKx4uLf5l7gJCCi0k246TAWC7knKovGE/s72-c/iStock_000003758826_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-5791763874258406456</id><published>2015-08-10T06:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.006-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cultural adaptability"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="gesture"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="IEC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="information technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="interface"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ISO"/><title type='text'>Gesture Based Interfaces</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Globalization has been paired with constant technological innovation, spreading information and communications technology (ICT) devices throughout the world to all different kinds of people. One point of interaction between an individual and an electronic device is a gesture. Gestures are used for performing a variety of commands as an alternative input method. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+30113-1%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015: Information technology - User interface - Gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods - Part 1: Framework</a> provides guidelines to standardize the use of gestures across many commands in different devices.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmW67iMMJ8DaEjB2OzU6C_r3AVup3nDmJSMcwc8bpKGrYHf7KYvXd5Z_z1xB2y9DCgMVvvcCM8MUqf_eaTDlUoGtcFmFZQnU77KZ3PXdXXJCPxUSeAaYrTlkBm_ZFLTFc61bGljkMF-SH9/s1600/iStock_000053563664_Small_799x601-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmW67iMMJ8DaEjB2OzU6C_r3AVup3nDmJSMcwc8bpKGrYHf7KYvXd5Z_z1xB2y9DCgMVvvcCM8MUqf_eaTDlUoGtcFmFZQnU77KZ3PXdXXJCPxUSeAaYrTlkBm_ZFLTFc61bGljkMF-SH9/s320/iStock_000053563664_Small_799x601-72dpi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">In a human-machine interaction, a user uses hardware as an input device, which recognizes a gesture and sends it to the ICT system, finding a predefined command to generate feedback to the user. There are a limited number of basic gestures, so the same gesture is often used for a variety of different commands in different situations. Many people have multiple devices that use gestures, including mice, touch screens, touch pads, 3D mice, joysticks, game controllers, wired gloves, depth-aware cameras, stereo cameras, and Web cameras. Because of all the different devices that one person can have, he or she can easily confuse gestures that are common for one system for another. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+30113-1%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015</a> addresses this by giving recommendations for gesture methods that can promote interoperability among different systems, making different commands similar to one another. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">An incredibly important consideration with the standardization of gestures is that of cultural differentiation. These interfaces are not intended for just one particular culture, but are more universal. However, they do involve two-dimensional or three-dimensional movements in space, which can be performed differently depending on the user’s culture. From specific cultural ideas, gesture-based interface designers must be cautious when including any gesture that they feel is widespread and not just unique to their culture. An example for this the standard gives is that Bulgarians nod to say “no” and shake their head to say “yes”, while Americans nod to say “yes” and shake their head to say “no”. So if an American company would design a gesture for a computer or gaming system webcam that required the user to shake his or her head to confirm an activity, the system would likely operative perfectly with an American audience, but not so well with a Bulgarian audience. Cultural adaptability is a necessity with gesture based-interfaces so that they do not exclude any people just because of their background.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Designers should also be sensitive to the lack of accessibility from physical constraints. Some gestures can be too complex for users with disabilities or the elderly to complete. Consideration of all users is essential when defining gestures for an ICT system. The guidelines presented in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+30113-1%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015</a> allow for successful operation of any gesture interface by any individual.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+30113-1%3a2015&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015</a> is part of ISO/IEC 30113. This is established by ISO/IEC JTC 1, the joint technical committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Some other ICT user interface standards by this committee include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+24752-2%3a2014&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 24752-2:2014: Information technology - User interfaces - Universal remote console - Part 2: User interface socket description</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+23007-2%3a2012&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 23007-2:2012: Information technology - Rich media user interfaces - Part 2: Advanced user interaction (AUI) interfaces</a><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2fIEC+18021%3a2002&amp;source=blog">ISO/IEC 18021:2002: Information technology - User interfaces for mobile tools for management of database communications in a client-server model</a></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/5791763874258406456/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/gesture-based-interfaces.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/5791763874258406456'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/5791763874258406456'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/gesture-based-interfaces.html' title='Gesture Based Interfaces'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmW67iMMJ8DaEjB2OzU6C_r3AVup3nDmJSMcwc8bpKGrYHf7KYvXd5Z_z1xB2y9DCgMVvvcCM8MUqf_eaTDlUoGtcFmFZQnU77KZ3PXdXXJCPxUSeAaYrTlkBm_ZFLTFc61bGljkMF-SH9/s72-c/iStock_000053563664_Small_799x601-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-7849544543911767033</id><published>2015-08-05T12:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.021-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Emissions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environmental Management"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fuel economy"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hybrid car"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SAE"/><title type='text'>Recommended Practice for Measuring Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid Vehicles</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUWd8FeUifnADpReRsxqm6SBuy3j6gT8ZXa6DU1uxaFB3hJ92KvON7Hvb2JDOzqQYj7i8G3a84s9xeFdocKx5eilbJGXLda9o_6EYxsD1sLwnuINiSq8PtemPFJ6YRaPHFjEcuYqrSVXaQ/s1600/iStock_000069215711_Small_826x581-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUWd8FeUifnADpReRsxqm6SBuy3j6gT8ZXa6DU1uxaFB3hJ92KvON7Hvb2JDOzqQYj7i8G3a84s9xeFdocKx5eilbJGXLda9o_6EYxsD1sLwnuINiSq8PtemPFJ6YRaPHFjEcuYqrSVXaQ/s400/iStock_000069215711_Small_826x581-72dpi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>The automobile has a rich history shaping how it is constructed and used today. <a href="http://energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car">Around the year 1900, cars could be powered by steam, gasoline, or electric engines</a>. With steam being impractical for automobiles, the main competition existed between gasoline and electric. Gas-powered combustion-engine vehicles arose as the primary engine used for cars, due to a more-affordable price. Automobiles powered entirely by combustion engines have been suitable for automobiles ever since then. However, in the past few decades, concerns have been raised by the atmospheric pollution derived from burning gasoline and the possibility of running out of petroleum oil. This has prompted the car-makers to increase the fuel efficiency of their vehicles. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">One way to lower gas emissions is by designing hybrid cars, which have both electric- and gas-powered engines. While hybrid cars lower gas emissions, they are still using some gasoline to generate power. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=SAE+J+1711-2010+(SAE+J1711-2010)&amp;source=blog">SAE J 1711-2010: Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles</a> sets guidelines to calculate emissions from hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) before they are put on the market.<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_04_23.html">In the past year, the average fuel economy of a light-duty car was 23.4 mpg, with new light-duty cars having 36 mpg</a>. The average fuel economy for a hybrid car is much higher, generally not being less than 30 mpg. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=SAE+J+1711-2010+(SAE+J1711-2010)&amp;source=blog">SAE J 1711-2010</a> lays out the methods needed to understand the fuel economy of hybrids and measure the emissions of a HEV that is meant to be used on public roads. It does not specify which kind of emission to measure, such as carbon dioxide or nitrous oxides, leaving that decision to the tester. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=SAE+J+1711-2010+(SAE+J1711-2010)&amp;source=blog">SAE J 1711-2010</a> establishes several uniform chassis dynamometer test procedures that should be used to determine the fuel economy of a HEV. These are similar to the tests needed for estimating fuel economy of conventional cars, with some additions meant to understand the energy produced for the car by the electric engine. The standard provides several equations that should use the data from the tests to calculate the fuel economy. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: inherit;">An important consideration that is not covered by the scope of this standard is an understanding of the entire atmospheric pollution related to the use of hybrid cars. Since a significant amount of the total energy used to power a HEV comes from electricity, a much smaller amount of gas is needed than for a conventional vehicle of a similar size. Depending on the location in which the hybrid driver chooses to charge his or her vehicle, there can be vastly different sources of energy producing the electricity. If it is from renewable forms of energy generation, such as wind or solar power, the overall emissions from the HEV will be incredibly low. However, the electricity from the utility is more likely generated by burning methane or coal, which pollutes the atmosphere with carbon and other greenhouse gases. These emissions must be taken into account when thinking about the carbon footprint of electric cars. Simply evaluating the emissions of the vehicles underrepresents the carbon footprint. A more accurate analysis is possible because the emissions that come from the production of electricity by the utility can easily be measured. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3172&amp;Acro=SAE&amp;DpName=SAE%20International&amp;source=blog">The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)</a> is a nonprofit that develops and publishes standards for automotive, commercial vehicle, and aerospace industries. SAE standards are maintained by over 9,000 engineers and other professionals, being used by 120,000 in locations around the globe. Another standard by the SAE, which provides a background on the vocabulary for automobile emissions, is <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=SAE+J+1145-2011+(SAE+J1145-2011)&amp;source=blog">SAE J 1145-2011: Emissions Terminology and Nomenclature</a></span></span></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/7849544543911767033/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/recommended-practice-for-measuring.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7849544543911767033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7849544543911767033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/recommended-practice-for-measuring.html' title='Recommended Practice for Measuring Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid Vehicles'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUWd8FeUifnADpReRsxqm6SBuy3j6gT8ZXa6DU1uxaFB3hJ92KvON7Hvb2JDOzqQYj7i8G3a84s9xeFdocKx5eilbJGXLda9o_6EYxsD1sLwnuINiSq8PtemPFJ6YRaPHFjEcuYqrSVXaQ/s72-c/iStock_000069215711_Small_826x581-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-3744109467415003282</id><published>2015-08-05T11:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.035-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="entertainment"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ESTA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ladder safety"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PLASA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="wire rope ladder"/><title type='text'>Construction and Use of Wire Rope Ladders for the Entertainment Industry</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Last month, <a href="http://ansidotorg.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-asc-a142-2007-portable-metal.html#axzz3hmFyZJwL">we discussed standards for ladders</a>, looking specifically at <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.2-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.2-2007: American National Standards for Ladders - Portable Metal - Safety Requirements</a> by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3179&amp;Acro=ALI&amp;DpName=American%20Ladder%20Institute&amp;source=blog">American Ladder Institute (ALI)</a>. Standards written by this organization focus primarily on the construction and care for portable and immobile ladders. However, this scope overlooks an important type of ladder. Rope ladders are used for vertical climbing in areas where the use of a rigid ladder would be impractical. The only ANSI-accredited standard for rope ladders is <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+E1.1+-+2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI E1.1 – 2012: Entertainment Technology - Construction and Use of Wire Rope Ladders</a>.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAt9EEQ5SGrqFGb3MnJHAWSguaMZSoU1YKOazf2rwUYmmJXFiBI6oTb2x9XGI-87fxUnGX3azRFc5OSwlLDzidBKveF7KwKDs6uL1I-F7_OCaPwmMxjrc3NxiN2WcmTh_9CsKOtSl9elkC/s1600/iStock_000027831220_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAt9EEQ5SGrqFGb3MnJHAWSguaMZSoU1YKOazf2rwUYmmJXFiBI6oTb2x9XGI-87fxUnGX3azRFc5OSwlLDzidBKveF7KwKDs6uL1I-F7_OCaPwmMxjrc3NxiN2WcmTh_9CsKOtSl9elkC/s400/iStock_000027831220_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" width="400" /></a>Rope ladders are unique climbing instruments, since their rails, or the vertical pieces on the side that connect the horizontal rungs, are made of some kind of rope. The rungs, as in all other ladders, are generally constructed of wood or metal. Rope ladders have many different practical applications. One of these that has been standardized is for the entertainment industry. This includes live theater, outdoor music events, and video, broadcast, and film production. Wire rope ladders are often used for vertical access by personnel to interact with lighting and raised platforms. Since a lot of this equipment in the entertainment industry is temporary, the easily-mobile and versatile wire rope ladders are very convenient.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">As with other types of ladders, personnel safety is an essential concern with wire rope ladder care. According to the standard, wire rope ladders should only be used when the maximum vertical height is 50 feet (15.2 m). When the height of the working area exceeds this amount, other means of access need to be provided. Something unique to rope ladders is the flexibility of the rails. This can make it more difficult for personnel to climb, increasing the risk for danger. The best way to stabilize the ladder is to secure something to the bottom that applies a downwards force, preventing it from swinging. This should increase the tension of the ropes, but not so much that they can become damaged. There should also be a retractable lifeline adjacent to the ladder.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Wire rope ladders are essential to the production of several different forms of entertainment. Ensuring the safety of all workers who operate on them allows this entertainment to occur while helping to minimize workplace injuries.</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+E1.1+-+2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI E1.1 – 2012</a> is a standard by the Entertainment Services and Technology Association (ESTA). ESTA writes standards for the North American entertainment industry and currently has working groups in seven areas: camera cranes, control protocols, electrical power, floors, fog and smoke, photometrics, and rigging.&nbsp;</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/3744109467415003282/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/construction-and-use-of-wire-rope.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3744109467415003282'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3744109467415003282'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/08/construction-and-use-of-wire-rope.html' title='Construction and Use of Wire Rope Ladders for the Entertainment Industry'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAt9EEQ5SGrqFGb3MnJHAWSguaMZSoU1YKOazf2rwUYmmJXFiBI6oTb2x9XGI-87fxUnGX3azRFc5OSwlLDzidBKveF7KwKDs6uL1I-F7_OCaPwmMxjrc3NxiN2WcmTh_9CsKOtSl9elkC/s72-c/iStock_000027831220_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-3879967963322264662</id><published>2015-07-30T11:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.050-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environmental Management"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="EPA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="holocene"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ISO Guide"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="life cycle"/><title type='text'>Guide for Addressing Environmental Issues in Product Standards (ISO GUIDE 64:2008)</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFb6uiXFEoLu-SxPDzy_gxTqNKX0fBaDU65pW9r_q-5Z1yKOOjuyplWviykwqvyalFh5IU_YTuMVDppFSNa6w8Y2XI3diWW0prweX5F9FMbNi2DRS31sd7aVGyanvdD3zy3Es7hfiSGes/s1600/iStock_000070764759_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Environmental ISO GUIDE 64:2008" border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFb6uiXFEoLu-SxPDzy_gxTqNKX0fBaDU65pW9r_q-5Z1yKOOjuyplWviykwqvyalFh5IU_YTuMVDppFSNa6w8Y2XI3diWW0prweX5F9FMbNi2DRS31sd7aVGyanvdD3zy3Es7hfiSGes/s400/iStock_000070764759_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" title="" width="400" /></a></div>Natural climatic shift has driven the Earth through many geological epochs. It has often been accepted that we are in the Holocene (meaning “entirely recent”), an era that began 11,700 years ago after the end of the Pleistocene (the “Ice Age”). The shift between these periods marked significant change, in which entire landscapes were altered and many different species suffered extinction. Similar environmental changes have been occurring for the past several hundred years. From these changes, certain groups believe that we should acknowledge that <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-is-the-anthropocene-and-are-we-in-it-164801414/?no-ist">we are no longer in the Holocene, but in the early "Anthropocene"</a>. This refers to how the Earth has been directly altered by humans through processes of pollution, habitat destruction, and unsustainable extraction of natural resources. Whether or not our nomenclature should change, there have been some indisputable human-driven impacts. Even though a significant amount of damage has been done to nature, we still live in a society that requires the use of many materials and processes that have been responsible for environmental destruction. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+Guide+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008: Guide for Addressing Environmental Issues in Product Standards</a>confronts the potential for environmental damage in the creation of products.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">A significant amount of environmental degradation has come from industry. <a href="http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/industry.html">The EPA estimates that industry is responsible for 21% of the United States' annual carbon dioxide emissions</a>, which is only a component of the overall annual industrial pollution. Standards written for products specify guidelines to establish their durability and purpose. Creation of products can lead environmental degradation at every stage of the product life-cycle, including extraction of resources, production, distribution, use, reuse, and final disposal. The <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+Guide+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008</a> sets recommendations for standard writers when drafting product standards, addressing every stage of the life-cycle. It is intended to limit any kind of environmental damage that can occur.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">All stages of the life-cycle process can cause environmental damage. For example, the initial stage of the life-cycle is gathering raw materials, which are processed into a product’s components. Not only can the extracted resources be depleted, damaging the local ecosystem, but the tools used for extraction can cause climate and water pollution by energy usage and improper waste disposal. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+Guide+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008</a> recommends limiting any sort of external pollution during this stage. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">A harmful practice of environmental policy in the past has been the use of cost-benefit analysis to determine if a policy is viable. In this method, if the benefits of something outweigh the costs, it is seen as having a positive net benefit, making it worthwhile. However, when used to manage environmental health, this can lead to a significant amount of damage. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+Guide+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008</a> instead recommends the use of the precautionary principle. Under this method, if the potential environmental damage from a process is uncertain, then that process should be postponed until more knowledge is readily available.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">It is important to think environmentally about all stages of the life-cycle process, and always make sure that a change in one stage of the product’s life-cycle does not negatively affect another stage or introduce another externality. An example the standard gives for this is the replacement of solvent cleaning by hot water and air blowing processes, which results in increased energy use during production. This change, while preventing pollution of water and land from the solvent, would increase the amount of energy used to produce the hot air, which would pollute the atmosphere with carbon dioxide, solving one environmental problem but creating another. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+Guide+64%3a2008&amp;source=blog">ISO GUIDE 64:2008</a> also recommends recycling of all materials used for products. The main objective of the standard is to encourage continuous use of a sustainable product life-cycle.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">There are many challenges that must be faced in the near future for issues related to climate change, resource overuse, and environmental destruction. Standardization of sustainable techniques in production is good place to start for a cleaner planet that is beneficial to both the natural and artificial world.</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/3879967963322264662/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/guide-for-addressing-environmental.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3879967963322264662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/3879967963322264662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/guide-for-addressing-environmental.html' title='Guide for Addressing Environmental Issues in Product Standards (ISO GUIDE 64:2008)'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGFb6uiXFEoLu-SxPDzy_gxTqNKX0fBaDU65pW9r_q-5Z1yKOOjuyplWviykwqvyalFh5IU_YTuMVDppFSNa6w8Y2XI3diWW0prweX5F9FMbNi2DRS31sd7aVGyanvdD3zy3Es7hfiSGes/s72-c/iStock_000070764759_Small_849x565-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-6692170626779329792</id><published>2015-07-28T07:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.064-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="American Society of Safety Engineers"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Building"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="construction safety"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="scaffolding"/><title type='text'>ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011: Scaffolding Safety Requirements</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Cities are constantly-changing entities, replacing people, buildings, and infrastructure. The first requirement often needed for this change is destruction. Older buildings must be demolished to provide space for new ones. Scaffolding serves as bandages to mark these changes, covering buildings and areas that are in a transitional phase. Once these scaffolds are removed, they reveal something newer and better than before, removing the city of the past. A scaffolding-covered area is incomplete and has many more structural hazards than<span class="MsoCommentReference"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">c</span></span>ompleted-parts of a city. Because of this, the safety of the personnel operating on the scaffolding and the pedestrians walking under it are incredibly important. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fASSE+A10.8-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011: Scaffolding Safety Requirements</a>&nbsp;sets guidelines to assure this.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFbLT1KnODxwX8-xasMKlhd-NzStnWZU5yUGZJde0wjHkFRR4uaokcZ_tgagkH2lhwJZI7qjpi6E7zcY3PHTNYO5fMlwgghZ61DiEHssXdD6gSFct-7sbfFs643HXY7zpT3cqyKnLyQsZR/s1600/iStock_000003557522_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011 Scaffolding Safety Requirements" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFbLT1KnODxwX8-xasMKlhd-NzStnWZU5yUGZJde0wjHkFRR4uaokcZ_tgagkH2lhwJZI7qjpi6E7zcY3PHTNYO5fMlwgghZ61DiEHssXdD6gSFct-7sbfFs643HXY7zpT3cqyKnLyQsZR/s320/iStock_000003557522_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" title="Worker on Scaffold" width="213" /></a>All construction has some level of danger. Keeping the workers elevated only adds more hazards. All scaffolding must be able to support the weight of the personnel operating on it. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fASSE+A10.8-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011</a> addresses this issue with several different guidelines. Scaffolding is generally comprised of wooden and metal planks. Both kinds should be tested for bending stress. Wooden planks should be used in locations with good air circulation to allow the wood to dry. In areas with inadequate circulation, additional stress tests should be used to account for the less-sturdy moistened wood. It would be irresponsible to assume that nothing could possibly go wrong with the structure of the scaffold. The standard recommends preparedness for error by having fall protection equipment and emergency descent devices. These emergency provisions should not be used as the primary form of descent, since they could be become overused and not work correctly for their intended purpose.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Scaffolding in cities is unique when compared to other construction sites, since it frequently has pedestrian foot traffic under the work site. This can pose additional threats if the scaffold is not operated and managed with care. Following the guidelines in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fASSE+A10.8-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011</a> is important for the stability of the scaffold, which secures safety for both the workers and pedestrians walking under it. It is also recommended that there is someone on site who is familiar with all aspects of the standard. Testing should also be done occasionally to understand the stability of the scaffold over time.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fASSE+A10.8-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011</a> is a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3105&amp;Acro=ASSE&amp;DpName=The%20American%20Society%20of%20Safety%20Engineers&amp;source=blog">American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)</a>. ASSE is an ANSI-accredited organization that develops and publishes standards to work for the protection of people, property, and the environment.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Many issues not addressed by this standard have been covered in standards by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=95&amp;Acro=SIA&amp;DpName=Scaffold%20Industry%20Association&amp;source=blog">Scaffold Industry Association (SIA)</a>. The SIA, another ANSI-accredited organization, focuses on the technology needed for elevation in scaffolding. Some of their standards include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fSAIA+A92.3-2006+(R2014)&amp;source=blog">ANSI/SAIA A92.3-2006</a>: American National Standard for Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fSAIA+A92.6-2006+(R2014)&amp;source=blog">ANSI/SAIA A92.6-2006</a>: American National Standard for Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms</div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fSIA+A92.9-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI/SAIA A92.9-2011</a>: Mast-Climbing Work Platforms</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/6692170626779329792/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansiasse-a108-2011-scaffolding-safety.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6692170626779329792'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6692170626779329792'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansiasse-a108-2011-scaffolding-safety.html' title='ANSI/ASSE A10.8-2011: Scaffolding Safety Requirements'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFbLT1KnODxwX8-xasMKlhd-NzStnWZU5yUGZJde0wjHkFRR4uaokcZ_tgagkH2lhwJZI7qjpi6E7zcY3PHTNYO5fMlwgghZ61DiEHssXdD6gSFct-7sbfFs643HXY7zpT3cqyKnLyQsZR/s72-c/iStock_000003557522_Small_566x848-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-9162284492161834669</id><published>2015-07-24T13:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.077-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="American Ladder Institute"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ladder safety"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ladder types"/><title type='text'>ANSI ASC A14.2-2007: Portable Metal Ladder Safety Requirements</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Humans have always been constricted to the ground by our relatively-unchanged biological limitations. <a href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/tallest-man-ever">The tallest man who ever lived</a> in recorded history, Robert Pershing Wadlow, stood at 8’11”. Today, <a href="http://www.theaveragebody.com/average_height.php">the average female height is 5’4” and the average male height is 5’9”</a>, which is a significant increase from historical times, but is still minuscule compared to the heights of trees and geological features that have always towered above us. However, humans have never really needed an increased body height, since our minds have been innovating our way of life even before civilization. <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/5i3wIsz6Q52ctjekt4--EA">Archaeologists have confirmed that ladders date back to at least 10,000 years</a> ago. They are an ancient, but still-relevant technology that has allowed us to access places that we would naturally be constrained from.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.ecmag.com/section/safety/ladder-too-familiar-be-safe">The most common material used in the construction of ladders is aluminum</a> (or aluminium), due to its cheap cost and light weight. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.2-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.2-2007: American National Standards for Ladders - Portable Metal - Safety Requirements</a>&nbsp;sets guidelines for the safe construction, design, testing, and care for portable metal ladders of different types. This includes ladders that are considered to be Special Duty, Extra Heavy-Duty, Heavy-Duty, Medium Duty, and Light Duty. The working load that these different ladder types can carry ranges from 200-375 pounds.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNqLrexgucbNjkwm8TFbuWK_Vg5A5wHlUbVOBrrOqTrjG3RM5g9McIOfqukW_EZLO_JQ1YoJwJm-6B0OnpIhYjPjJFhMWEVu5aTTN47aqmulHTi6yCOcD0M-qaphBc4ZZsC7fUU-paP6_n/s1600/iStock_000050776284_Small_661x726-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="ANSI ASC A14.2-2007 Portable Metal Ladder Safety" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNqLrexgucbNjkwm8TFbuWK_Vg5A5wHlUbVOBrrOqTrjG3RM5g9McIOfqukW_EZLO_JQ1YoJwJm-6B0OnpIhYjPjJFhMWEVu5aTTN47aqmulHTi6yCOcD0M-qaphBc4ZZsC7fUU-paP6_n/s320/iStock_000050776284_Small_661x726-72dpi.jpg" title="Man on Ladder" width="291" /></a>Since we were never meant to leave the ground, very strict precautions should be taken for the structure of ladders. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.2-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.2-2007</a> provides recommendations for the spacing between rungs, angle of inclination, and the correct workmanship for the bolts, rivets, and welds that are holding the pieces of the ladder together. The standard also identifies tests that should be used to determine if the ladder meets the guidelines for the five types of portable metal ladders. This involves using test loads on the rungs and side rails to determine how much weight they can support. This will ensure safety and efficiency for any individual operating the ladder.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Despite its popularity among ladder users, metal cannot be used for all processes that need to reach reasonable heights. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3179&amp;Acro=ALI&amp;DpName=American%20Ladder%20Institute&amp;source=blog">The American Ladder Institute (ALI)</a>, a nonprofit association dedicated to ladder safety, also has standards dedicated to the proper construction and management of wood ladders (<a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.1-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.1-2007</a>: American National Standards for Ladders - Wood Safety Requirements) and plastic ladders (<a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.5-2007&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.5-2007</a>: American National Standards for Ladders - Portable Reinforced Plastic - Safety Requirements). Ladders constructed of these materials are well-suited for environments where metal ladders are not safe to use, specifically in the presence of electrical equipment.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Other standards by the ALI include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.3-2008&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.3-2008</a>: American National Standards for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.4-2009&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.4-2009</a>: American National Standard Safety Requirements for Job Made Wooden Ladders<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.7-2006&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.7-2006</a>: American National Standard for Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.7-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.7-2011</a>: Safety Requirements for Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+ASC+A14.8-2013&amp;source=blog">ANSI ASC A14.8-2013</a>: Safety Requirements for Ladder Accessories<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI-ASC+A14.9-2010&amp;source=blog">ANSI-ASC A14.9-2010</a>: Safety Requirements for Disappearing Attic Stairways<o:p></o:p></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">All ladders must always be used for the purpose for which they were designed and be given the care that allows for continued use.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/9162284492161834669/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-asc-a142-2007-portable-metal.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/9162284492161834669'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/9162284492161834669'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-asc-a142-2007-portable-metal.html' title='ANSI ASC A14.2-2007: Portable Metal Ladder Safety Requirements'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNqLrexgucbNjkwm8TFbuWK_Vg5A5wHlUbVOBrrOqTrjG3RM5g9McIOfqukW_EZLO_JQ1YoJwJm-6B0OnpIhYjPjJFhMWEVu5aTTN47aqmulHTi6yCOcD0M-qaphBc4ZZsC7fUU-paP6_n/s72-c/iStock_000050776284_Small_661x726-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-6985985689321995002</id><published>2015-07-24T12:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.094-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ANSI z136.1"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="laser class"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="laser safety"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Laser Standard"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="LIA"/><title type='text'>ANSI Z136.1-2014: Safe Use of Lasers</title><content type='html'><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Lasers might be seemingly straight out of science fiction, but they are an actively-used technology in the world today. In fact, they have actually been around for a very long time. Interest in radiation was incredibly high at the start of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century from the discovery of radio, X-rays, and radar. In 1960, following years of discussion of scientific theory on amplifying light, <a href="https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/laser/sections/therace.html">Theodore Maiman placed a ruby inside a helical-shaped lamp</a> to create the world’s first laser. The technology has been advancing ever since, having applications in communications, entertainment, surgery, and scientific advancement.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Most lasers are just amplifying light, but the frequency of each laser varies. Some kinds can be looked at directly without causing ocular harm, while others can be damaging from any kind of exposure. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.1-2014&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.1-2014: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers</a>&nbsp;sets recommended guidelines for the safe use of lasers that operate at wavelengths between 180 nm and 1000 μm. The standard sets guidelines for both the environment in which the laser is being used and any environment around the path of the beam.<br /><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPIxCWqb4qbgj_d07QTtrkUDj9l_7CMwW359Re8j49A1faxP6SijdM2dTZIbCcw40DS_ynIqkRt2QyvKQcSRhyIzswzh3KcFa37A8yWwwAY9dfciUduC5irmhfXHCn9jKPvbCjwx030P1S/s1600/iStock_000048440916_Small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ANSI Z136.1-2014 Safe Use of Lasers" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPIxCWqb4qbgj_d07QTtrkUDj9l_7CMwW359Re8j49A1faxP6SijdM2dTZIbCcw40DS_ynIqkRt2QyvKQcSRhyIzswzh3KcFa37A8yWwwAY9dfciUduC5irmhfXHCn9jKPvbCjwx030P1S/s1600/iStock_000048440916_Small.jpg" title="Laser Beam" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">While susceptibility to damage of materials is an important consideration with laser operations, the primary concern is the hazard to any person operating the equipment. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.1-2014&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.1-2014</a> classifies each type of laser by its potential for biological harm. These classifications are Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2, Class 2M, Class 3R, Class 3B, and Class 4, with Class 1 lasers being exempt from any kind of control due to their lack of hazard and Class 4 lasers requiring strict controls in order to reduce the risk of exposure to the eyes or skin. The specific controls for each classification are thoroughly described in the standard. Since the use of lasers is essential for the operations of many much-needed technologies, securing the safety of the personnel of those operations makes them only more beneficial to society.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.1-2014&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.1-2014</a> is a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3112&amp;Acro=LIA&amp;DpName=Laser%20Institute%20of%20America&amp;source=blog">Laser Institute of America (LIA)</a>. The LIA is responsible for several other standards regarding laser applications and safety, including:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.2-2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.2-2012</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode and LED Sources<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.3-2011&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.3-2011</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.4-2010&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.4-2010</a>: American National Standard Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.5-+2009&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.5- 2009</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.6-2015&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.6-2015</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.7-2008&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.7-2008</a>: American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.8-2012&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.8-2012</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development, or Testing<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+Z136.9-2013&amp;source=blog">ANSI Z136.9-2013</a>: American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">Even with standardization, lasers can still lead to harm if they are not used properly. For example, there have been many reported <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/US/lasers-dangerous-airplane-pilots/story?id=32499432">“laser assaults” against airplane pilots in the news lately</a>. People on the ground are aiming green lasers towards flying planes, which illuminate the cockpits and ruin the pilots’ field of vision. Consumers need to be responsible with any laser products in their possession, even if they are labeled as Class 1.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/6985985689321995002/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-z1361-2014-safe-use-of-lasers.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6985985689321995002'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/6985985689321995002'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-z1361-2014-safe-use-of-lasers.html' title='ANSI Z136.1-2014: Safe Use of Lasers'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPIxCWqb4qbgj_d07QTtrkUDj9l_7CMwW359Re8j49A1faxP6SijdM2dTZIbCcw40DS_ynIqkRt2QyvKQcSRhyIzswzh3KcFa37A8yWwwAY9dfciUduC5irmhfXHCn9jKPvbCjwx030P1S/s72-c/iStock_000048440916_Small.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-7360974743039905883</id><published>2015-07-23T08:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.107-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="aerospace"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AIAA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renewable energy"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="solar"/><title type='text'>AIAA S-111A-2014: Space Solar Cell Testing</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://ansidotorg.blogspot.com/2015/07/space-systems-verification-program.html">A past post</a> focused on <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-117-2010&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-117-2010</a>, an American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) standard that recommends a specific verification program for any space system. We looked primarily at the idea of space exploration to understand the importance of this standard. However, space organizations do a lot more than just exploration. For example, did you know that some of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.energy.gov/articles/space-based-solar-power">most efficient solar energy panels are in space</a>? <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-111A-2014&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-111A-2014: Qualification and Quality Requirements for Space Solar Cells</a>&nbsp;standardizes testing protocols within the space industry that interact with these solar cells.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Solar power, which takes advantage of the natural energy that is emitted to the Earth from the Sun, is a very popular source of electricity generation. <a href="http://www.seia.org/research-resources/us-solar-market-insight">The Solar Energy Industries Association estimates</a> that 51% of the new electric generating capacity installed in the United States in Q1 2015 came from solar. The most-used method of harvesting energy from the sun is <a href="http://www.seia.org/policy/solar-technology/photovoltaic-solar-electric">solar photovoltaic (PV)</a>.<br /><br />This generally requires panels made of silicon, which absorb photons to power a semiconductor and generate energy. PV arrays are placed on the roof of buildings and homes and sometimes in vacant spaces on the ground. These silicon panels have an average efficiency of about 15%. Some other solar panel materials are currently in the research and development phase. Leading these is perovskite, which has a heightened efficiency of about 20%.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">On space crafts, however, solar is far more advanced. Instead of using silicon, space organizations favor gallium arsenide as the main component of solar panels.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has confirmed that&nbsp;gallium arsenide can have an efficiency greater than 30%. These solar panels are generally limited to use in space due to their high cost.<br /><br /><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-111A-2014&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-111A-2014</a> is an AIAA standard that provides the requirements to verify that space-based solar cells will operate in a predictable manner. The standard takes into consideration the special care needed for solar panels in space, which are very difficult to access and manage.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiavIZHwhf8ZJTlkPOZ3Kb_eM6KhMU5YVFDwI5xFDbZeoaOtuQ2uzPmAQM4jZqezci6PIRsUnUs0I5LtXVtQrGjQlEoENwkgondcwNxfNA4R2ljNO4s9WS3Mtbvp9grBqSQFbr-9M2rJ6vl/s1600/iStock_000059917816_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="AIAA S-111A-2014" border="0" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiavIZHwhf8ZJTlkPOZ3Kb_eM6KhMU5YVFDwI5xFDbZeoaOtuQ2uzPmAQM4jZqezci6PIRsUnUs0I5LtXVtQrGjQlEoENwkgondcwNxfNA4R2ljNO4s9WS3Mtbvp9grBqSQFbr-9M2rJ6vl/s320/iStock_000059917816_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" title="Space Solar Cells" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Due to degradation, the efficiency of the system will decrease over time. Depending on the condition of the system’s location, degradation can occur at different rates. Several tests are suggested by the standard to understand the condition of the solar system and its susceptibility to damage. The most basic of these is a visual inspection to assess the system for any visible irregularities.<br /><br />Another important test is the electrical test, which should be used on every single “string”, or series-connected set of solar cells, to understand the electrical capabilities. Since these solar panels are in space, they are exposed to very harsh conditions. This makes the extreme hot and cold, bending, and proton and electron exposure tests incredibly important. These guidelines can help to determine the operations and maintenance that will be necessary for the panels and provide an estimate for the lifespan of the system.</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">Guidelines for space solar panels are also addressed by the AIAA in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-112A-2013&amp;source=blog">AIAAS-112A-2013: Qualification and Quality Requirements for Electrical Components on Space Solar Panels</a>: .<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/7360974743039905883/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/aiaa-s-111a-2014-space-solar-cell.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7360974743039905883'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7360974743039905883'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/aiaa-s-111a-2014-space-solar-cell.html' title='AIAA S-111A-2014: Space Solar Cell Testing'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiavIZHwhf8ZJTlkPOZ3Kb_eM6KhMU5YVFDwI5xFDbZeoaOtuQ2uzPmAQM4jZqezci6PIRsUnUs0I5LtXVtQrGjQlEoENwkgondcwNxfNA4R2ljNO4s9WS3Mtbvp9grBqSQFbr-9M2rJ6vl/s72-c/iStock_000059917816_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-5150416482394619423</id><published>2015-07-20T13:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.121-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="aerospace"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AIAA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Hubble Telescope"/><title type='text'>Space Systems Verification Program</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaQ-eoRTW9yaZX7gkGbSoqGr9cQCXrUj_hyFaKGks88UC6XhldqijTpcDOqs5TtupECUn2YsTwxq8rOP3z68mzBYKUvsygpaR44NGSqFeVLGDhNn0INzSU28IH1iZz7XIpZXCqg1miioBv/s1600/iStock_000073377063_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaQ-eoRTW9yaZX7gkGbSoqGr9cQCXrUj_hyFaKGks88UC6XhldqijTpcDOqs5TtupECUn2YsTwxq8rOP3z68mzBYKUvsygpaR44NGSqFeVLGDhNn0INzSU28IH1iZz7XIpZXCqg1miioBv/s400/iStock_000073377063_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>2015 marks the 25<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the <a href="http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, which is responsible for countless captivating images of asteroids, planets, galaxies, stars, and other astronomical features. It is a welcome coincidence that the past year has been productive for space travel. In December, NASA <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/orion/about/index.html">launched an unmanned exploration flight test</a> of the Orion spacecraft, which will take a crew on exploration several years from now. This spacecraft could potentially go to Mars around the year 2035. SpaceX has had <a href="http://www.spacex.com/news">several cargo resupply missions</a> with its Falcon 9 and Dragon transport vehicles. Even in the last week, the space probe <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/index.html">New Horizons captured never-before-seen images of Pluto and its moon Charon</a>. Standards are essential for the technology, terminology, and practices of space exploration organizations.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Space exploration requires the best possible technology, since it is accomplishing what was thought to be impossible for the majority of human existence. Anything launching out of the Earth’s atmosphere must be tested to prevent any possible problems once it is out in space. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-117-2010&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-117-2010: Space Systems Verification Program and Management Process</a>&nbsp;provides a set of guidelines to be followed during construction for the verification of all general space systems (SS), manned or unmanned. One notable cause of problems with space exploration machinery is lack of proper testing during initial construction, which can lead to costly replacements and other issues post-launch. Verifying the SS at the correct time prevents any surprise payments and ensures the safety of all personnel operating the SS.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">As discussed in the standard, space systems generally include five segments. These are the Space Segment, Launch Segment, Ground Segment (GS), User Segment, and Satellite Control Network Segment. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-117-2010&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-117-2010</a> is intended to address the first three of these segments, but the latter two are also covered to some extent. Verification starts at the lowest level and the earliest phase of construction and continues until the purchase of the SS. The six verification management processes that should be utilized at each level are:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 1: Requirement flow-down and establishment of specification process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 2: Verification cross-reference matrix process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 3: Integration and test process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 4: Individual specification dedicated verification ledger process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 5: Sell-Off/Consent-To-Ship process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">Process 6: Verification-related risk management process<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">These management processes allow for consistent and uniform verification among different SS builders. Proper verification during construction will also allow for swift re-verification, if needed.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Verification can easily be confused with validation, but they are two independent processes. Validation confirms that each system level is built to satisfy the stakeholders’ needs, while verification ensures that the overall system and its components satisfy each specification. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=AIAA+S-117-2010&amp;source=blog">AIAA S-117-2010</a> is intended for SS verification, but can also facilitate validation activities, which often coordinate closely with verification.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.aiaa.org/AboutAIAA/">The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronauts (AIAA)</a> is the world’s largest technical society dedicated to the global aerospace profession. It sets some of the different aerospace standards that are used by many different organizations. They have 30,000 individual members from 88 countries and 95 corporate members. AIAA is an ANSI accredited standards developing organization.</div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/5150416482394619423/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/space-systems-verification-program.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/5150416482394619423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/5150416482394619423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/space-systems-verification-program.html' title='Space Systems Verification Program'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaQ-eoRTW9yaZX7gkGbSoqGr9cQCXrUj_hyFaKGks88UC6XhldqijTpcDOqs5TtupECUn2YsTwxq8rOP3z68mzBYKUvsygpaR44NGSqFeVLGDhNn0INzSU28IH1iZz7XIpZXCqg1miioBv/s72-c/iStock_000073377063_Small_815x589-72dpi.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-7622181373232765889</id><published>2015-07-17T12:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.134-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Environmental Management"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Food Industry"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GELPP"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="NPPC"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="sustainability"/><title type='text'>ANSI GELPP 001-2002: Livestock Operations Conditions</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">In the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century, there was a <a href="http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/development-policy-and-history-lessons-from-the-green-revolution">“Green Revolution”</a>. During this time, due to scientific accomplishments, the overall crop yield increased greatly, even though the area needed for agriculture actually decreased. Ever since this time, the food procurement industry has been rapidly evolving, finding more efficient techniques and adapting practices to fit into the contemporary world. This is important because it is basically an industry that has lasted for thousands of years and is still depended upon today.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">One of the primary concerns that now exists about agriculture is its effect on the environment. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0001-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0001-2002: Concentrated Livestock Operations - General Site Conditions</a>addresses this by discussing water and manure in concentrated livestock operations. These livestock operations include farms for pork, cattle, and chickens. The standard recommends keeping all manure a safe distance from any water sources. An important component of this is drain water runoff, which can build up from snow and make contact with the manure. If the water is contaminated with manure, it can be harmful not only to the animals that drink it, but from water runoff it can provide excess nutrients to other ecosystems, damaging them drastically.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Another concern is the treatment of the animals. Controlling water reduces the potential for disease in the animals. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0001-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0001-2002</a> also identifies several different locations, including animal feeding operations (AFO), commodity storage areas, facilities for housing livestock, and feed storage areas. It stresses proper use and separation of these areas. This ensures efficiency for the workers and cleanliness and care for the animals. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">As it has always been, nutrition is one of the biggest interests of people in regards to agriculture. <a href="https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/29/12/34/toward-a-healthy-sustainable-food-system">According to the American Public Health Association</a>, mismanagement of farms has led to a decline in the nutrients received by farm food in the second half of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century. If the workers are responsible for properly managing the animals and maintaining cleanliness of the livestock operations, the meat product will be more nutritious and taste better to the consumer.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0001-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0001-2002</a> is a standard by the <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&amp;DeptID=3106&amp;Acro=NPPC&amp;DpName=National%20Pork%20Producers%20Council&amp;source=blog">National Pork Producer’s Council</a>. Other standards that provide guidelines for concentrated livestock operations include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0002-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0002-2002</a>: Concentrated Livestock Operations - Production Areas<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvRpMjTVAYqVsUXQhlJXz1u1g_7nUYPS1qwYG62vyuU54Rm3SL32KJUYwkN8-wR7IqYRWKGMbYvmkIK2PkaNyIC6ZYjES5CI506yVdhqudhNotvFQBtCoYcIGsEv7Af-eOn_acUSLP6oHT/s1600/iStock_000017417158_Small_843x569-72dpi.jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvRpMjTVAYqVsUXQhlJXz1u1g_7nUYPS1qwYG62vyuU54Rm3SL32KJUYwkN8-wR7IqYRWKGMbYvmkIK2PkaNyIC6ZYjES5CI506yVdhqudhNotvFQBtCoYcIGsEv7Af-eOn_acUSLP6oHT/s320/iStock_000017417158_Small_843x569-72dpi.jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0003-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0003-2002</a>: Concentrated Livestock Operations - Outdoor Manure and Storm Water Storage<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0004-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0004-2002</a>: Concentrated Livestock Operations - Manure Utilization<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+GELPP+0005-2002&amp;source=blog">ANSI GELPP 0005-2002</a>: Concentrated Livestock Operations - Mortality Management</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">It is advised that an emergency action plan be created in case of any incidents that can prevent the concentrated livestock operation from not performing at proper efficiency. The facility should always maintain a consistently clean appearance to demonstrate that it is adhering to the recommendations in the standard.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/7622181373232765889/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-gelpp-001-2002-livestock.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7622181373232765889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/7622181373232765889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/ansi-gelpp-001-2002-livestock.html' title='ANSI GELPP 001-2002: Livestock Operations Conditions'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvRpMjTVAYqVsUXQhlJXz1u1g_7nUYPS1qwYG62vyuU54Rm3SL32KJUYwkN8-wR7IqYRWKGMbYvmkIK2PkaNyIC6ZYjES5CI506yVdhqudhNotvFQBtCoYcIGsEv7Af-eOn_acUSLP6oHT/s72-c/iStock_000017417158_Small_843x569-72dpi.jpg.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-8322892683898295930</id><published>2015-07-16T13:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.166-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AARST"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="construction"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="EPA"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="home design"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Radon"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="real estate"/><title type='text'>Radon Consideration in Home Design</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="MsoNormal">Homeowners and real-estate buyers are more concerned today with the amount of radon in buildings <a href="http://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html#homesales">than they have ever been before</a>. This fear is derived from the inability to detect the gas without some kind of equipment. If it is left unattended, radon can lead to critical illness. One way of preventing indoor radon exposure is by eliminating cracks and other points of entry for the gas.&nbsp;<a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+SGM-SF-2017&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST SGM-SF-2017: Soil Gas Mitigation Standards for Existing Homes</a> establishes the minimum requirements needed in the design of single-family residences as a way to reduce radon exposure.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html">According to the EPA</a>, radon exposure causes approximately 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year. Radon is a radioactive gas that can be found almost everywhere, coming from the natural decay of uranium in the soil. It is completely invisible and emits no odor. Naturally, this gas should mix into the atmosphere once exiting the soil, remaining at a safe level for breathing. However, homes and other buildings can act as traps, forming pockets of radon. It can enter structures through cracks in floors and walls, gaps in pipes and suspended floors, construction joints, and even occasionally through the water supply. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">It is ideal to have newer homes built more radon-secure. Radon is generally found in in the first several floors of buildings, which makes single-family dwellings particularly susceptible to them. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+SGM-SF-2017&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST SGM-SF-2017</a> provides the guidelines that promote safety and quality in the design of residential homes that are three stories or less. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp00Hb6vhJZFdgXPAHFgospnSNST9834WEAbgO0Dy1908zla0WCg42jvL-Ykizqj9duxOkxrjXN3ZF6FX79Lkyi8gVuU8YiQk5W1Xbrlc9RuR3leBrQC-Y93JO1wObgY7aQiTobU3ChyFi/s1600/iStock_000003529745_Small_847x647-72dpi.jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Radon AARST Home" border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp00Hb6vhJZFdgXPAHFgospnSNST9834WEAbgO0Dy1908zla0WCg42jvL-Ykizqj9duxOkxrjXN3ZF6FX79Lkyi8gVuU8YiQk5W1Xbrlc9RuR3leBrQC-Y93JO1wObgY7aQiTobU3ChyFi/s320/iStock_000003529745_Small_847x647-72dpi.jpg.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a>Sealing openings in the slab, foundation, or crawl space membrane is an important component of the Active Soil Depressurization (ASD) system, since it blocks points of entry for radon and minimizes the amount of conditioned air that can leave the building. Installation of ASD fans is a necessity to remove any radon from the home. The standard provides guidelines for these fans to run quietly and efficiently. While water is not the main point of entry of radon into buildings, drains that discharge directly into the soil beneath them should be made radon-proof. Specific sealants and caulks to use are laid out in the standard, along with the wiring that needs to be used to power the fans.<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The American Association of Radon Scientists and Technologists (AARST) also have several other standards that provide guidelines for the mitigation and handling of radon gas in private and public buildings. Some of these include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+CCAH-2013&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST CCAH-2013</a>: Reducing Radon in New Construction of One &amp; Two Family Dwellings<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+MAH-2014&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST MAH-2014</a>: Protocol for Conducting Measurements of Radon in Homes<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+MALB-2014&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST MALB-2014</a>: Protocol for Conducting Measurements of Radon and Radon Decay Products In Schools and Large Buildings</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal">There are different tests that homeowners can take to tell if radon is in their homes. <a href="http://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html#howtotest">The EPA recommends</a>first taking a short term test, which lasts from 2 to 90 days. If the short-term test result is 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher, there could be too much radon in the home. A long term test should be used to follow-up and confirm. It is recommended that contractors follow the recommendations set in <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fAARST+SGM-SF-2017&amp;source=blog">ANSI/AARST SGM-SF-2017</a> as they build new homes, while owners of existing buildings should set up an ASD system if they detect a presence of radon.</div></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/8322892683898295930/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/radon-consideration-in-home-design.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/8322892683898295930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/8322892683898295930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/radon-consideration-in-home-design.html' title='Radon Consideration in Home Design'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp00Hb6vhJZFdgXPAHFgospnSNST9834WEAbgO0Dy1908zla0WCg42jvL-Ykizqj9duxOkxrjXN3ZF6FX79Lkyi8gVuU8YiQk5W1Xbrlc9RuR3leBrQC-Y93JO1wObgY7aQiTobU3ChyFi/s72-c/iStock_000003529745_Small_847x647-72dpi.jpg.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8185755889266111784.post-1668019876782018087</id><published>2015-07-15T08:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-01-02T07:55:40.180-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cleanroom"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="contamination prevention"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="labs"/><title type='text'>Cleanroom and Controlled Environment Attire</title><content type='html'><div class="MsoNormal">Cleanrooms and other controlled environments are aseptic zones that are crucial for the operations of many different industries. They serve as venues for food processing, generation of scientific knowledge, development of pharmaceuticals, along with the creation of many other products. One of the greatest potentials for contamination in these areas comes directly from the personnel who operate in them. <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEST-RP-CC003.4&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">IEST-RP-CC003.4: Garment System Considerations for Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments</a>provides recommended guidelines that can prevent this from happening.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEST-RP-CC003.4&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">IEST-RP-CC003.4</a>establishes the kind of clothing worn by professionals while in controlled environments. In addition, it provides detailed descriptions on how to maintain those garments so they can continue to meet the standard.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The garments should be designed in conjunction with a garment system (including boots, gloves, hood, and facemask) so that all pieces fit together properly. This will ensure that the garments act as a filter system between the person wearing them in the controlled environment and the environment itself. The threads used should be synthetic and compatible with the cleaning process.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheHY7VBXfbEb1ChayjMEs7cnZUQR2ly5IbhACOBKnAX8ywoOn8Ihs0INB2AF4b7xoklTFfWFzT1HY-flE9wnRCx2qiOMxP7rN2-jcKTH01I9B1RwAirDDfysYD1NCuF5Alo1UjAAVhFFBE/s1600/iStock_000015520885_Small_847x567-72dpi.jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheHY7VBXfbEb1ChayjMEs7cnZUQR2ly5IbhACOBKnAX8ywoOn8Ihs0INB2AF4b7xoklTFfWFzT1HY-flE9wnRCx2qiOMxP7rN2-jcKTH01I9B1RwAirDDfysYD1NCuF5Alo1UjAAVhFFBE/s320/iStock_000015520885_Small_847x567-72dpi.jpg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The evaluation of garments for cleanrooms should include testing for the following: cleanliness, electrostatic properties, biological properties, durability, comfort, opacity, particle filtration efficiency, microbial penetration, chemical compatibility, and fluid resistance. If they do not meet set guidelines or are damaged in any way, the garments can be repaired using synthetic thread that matches the initial durability of the garments. The garments must also be cleaned to sterilize them. There should be specific protocols both pre-procedure and post-procedure to keep the garments clean.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The standard does not recommend the wearing of lab coats, due to the many pockets, loose sleeves, and use of buttons instead of secure zippers. It also advises the use of sterilized garment boots or shoe covers to wear over shoes as a way to keep out any outside bacteria that can be found in soil.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST) is an organization known primarily for its standards in contamination control. Other than <a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEST-RP-CC003.4&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">IEST-RP-CC003.4</a>, some of their standards in this topic include:<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEST-G-CC035.1&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">IEST-G-CC035.1</a>: Design Considerations for Airborne Molecular Contamination Filtration Systems in Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IEST-RP-CC006.3&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">IEST-RP-CC006.3</a>: Testing Cleanrooms</div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/06/22/746231/10139267/en/Cleanroom-Technology-Market-to-Reach-an-Estimated-Value-of-US-4-290-1-Million-by-2020-Globally-Persistence-Market-Research.html&amp;source=blog" target="_blank">It is estimated by Persistence Market Research</a> that the cleanroom technology market will reach a record high of $4.29 billion by the year 2020. Proper usage of cleanroom technology is essential, since it allows for scientific discoveries that many people depend upon for modern life.<o:p></o:p></div></content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/feeds/1668019876782018087/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/cleanroom-and-controlled-environment.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1668019876782018087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/8185755889266111784/posts/default/1668019876782018087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://premiumfreeaccountthree.blogspot.com/2015/07/cleanroom-and-controlled-environment.html' title='Cleanroom and Controlled Environment Attire'/><author><name>Dream For Money</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13282641110510058911</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheHY7VBXfbEb1ChayjMEs7cnZUQR2ly5IbhACOBKnAX8ywoOn8Ihs0INB2AF4b7xoklTFfWFzT1HY-flE9wnRCx2qiOMxP7rN2-jcKTH01I9B1RwAirDDfysYD1NCuF5Alo1UjAAVhFFBE/s72-c/iStock_000015520885_Small_847x567-72dpi.jpg.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>

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